Acute hypoxic exposure can induce functional brain impairment, driven by molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium overload, glial cell activation and inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier disruption, and alterated cerebral blood flow. Acetazolamide, a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is a standard clinical treatment and remains the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness. Substantial evidence confirms that under acute hypoxic exposure, acetazolamide exerts multi-level neuroprotective effects on brain tissue by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase VB and other isoforms. These protective mechanisms involve preserving mitochondrial integrity, regulating calcium homeostasis and pH balance, modulating glial cell activity to mitigate neuroinflammation, maintaining blood-brain barrier structure integrity, and improving cerebral perfusion through cerebrovascular regulation. This article reviewed the molecular pathological mechanisms of hypoxia-induced nervous system damage, summarized the pharmacological properties and neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic interventions against high-altitude hypoxic neural injury.

Acute hypoxic exposure can induce functional brain impairment, driven by molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular calcium overload, glial cell activation and inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier disruption, and alterated cerebral blood flow. Acetazolamide, a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is a standard clinical treatment and remains the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness. Substantial evidence confirms that under acute hypoxic exposure, acetazolamide exerts multi-level neuroprotective effects on brain tissue by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase VB and other isoforms. These protective mechanisms involve preserving mitochondrial integrity, regulating calcium homeostasis and pH balance, modulating glial cell activity to mitigate neuroinflammation, maintaining blood-brain barrier structure integrity, and improving cerebral perfusion through cerebrovascular regulation. This article reviewed the molecular pathological mechanisms of hypoxia-induced nervous system damage, summarized the pharmacological properties and neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide, and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic interventions against high-altitude hypoxic neural injury.

Objective To systematically summarize medication patterns and explore the potential mechanisms of core herbal combinations in treating chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN)based on data mining and network pharmacology,and to provide a reference for clinical treatment strategies.Methods Electronic book databases were searched to screen the CGN prescription from the works of contemporary Xin'an medical practitioners.Frequency statistics,association rule analysis,and clustering algorithms via the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Inheritance Support Platform V3.5 were applied to identify high-frequency herbs(frequency of use>10%)and core combinations.Active ingredients and potential targets were predicted using TCMSP,PubChem,and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Disease-related targets were retrieved from OMIM and GeneCards,after obtaining the intersecting targets,followed by protein-protein interaction(PPI)network construction(STRING platform),Cytoscape topological analysis,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment(DAVID).Results A total of 151 prescriptions related to the treatment of CGN were included,involving 213 flavours of TCM,including 42 varites of high frequency drugs,mainly in the categories of supplementing deficiency,eliminating dampness and diuresis and clearing heat.Theherb properties were mainly cold,warm,and neutral,with flavors of sweet,bitter,and pungent.Herbs primarily targeted the liver,lung,kidney,and spleen meridians.Thecore combination"Astragali Radix,Dioscorea Rhizome,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Imperata Rhizome,Pyrrosiae Folium,Poria"was identified,with key active ingredients including quercetin,stigmasterol,and β-sitosterol.Core targets involved IL6,EGFR,TNF,AKT1,and PIK3CA,while enriched pathways included PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE signaling.Conclusion Contemporary Xin'an practitioners primarily treat CGN by tonifying the spleen,nourishing the kidney,and clearing damp-heat.Thecore herbal combination exerts synergistic effects through multi-target intervention in immune-inflammatory pathways,oxidative stress,and fibrotic pathways,highlighting the holistic therapeutic advantages of TCM formulas via multi-component synergistic regulation and multi-target interactions.This study provides a theoretical foundation for further experimental validation and clinical applications.

Objective:To explore the effects of the "group+individual" combined internet occupational health management model on the physiological indicators, pulmonary imaging changes and self-management ability of people with pneumoconiosis.Methods:In November 2022, patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis in Baotou city from January 2012 to January 2022 were selected. Eighty cases exhibiting a decline in forcect expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and pulmonary imaging changes (primarily ground-glass opacity variations) were chosen as study subjects. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using the sealed envelope method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional outpatient follow-up and occupational health surveillance management, while the experimental group underwent a remote occupational health management model combining "group+individual" approaches over 12 months, with interventions administered once every 3 months. Comparative analysis was conducted on pre-and pos-management indicators between the two groups, including pulmonary function, pulmonary imaging changes, and self-management ability scores. Results:After occupational health management, the experimental group showed superior improvement in observed indicators (including pulmonary function and pulmonary imaging indicators) compared to the control group ( P<0.05). The self-management ability scores of the experimental group after occupational health management were also better than those of the control group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:The remote occupational health management model combining group management and individualized guidance, when applied to patients with pneumoconiosis, is beneficial for improving their physiological indicators, pulmonary imaging indicators, and enhancing self-management abilities.

Objective:To explore the effects of age and gender on the sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters during the natural aging process of healthy adults.Methods:A total of 647 Chinese healthy adults who underwent health check-ups at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Songyang County People's Hospital, from January 2017 to September 2024 were collected. There were 277 males and 370 females, aged 18-93 years. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the whole spine were taken to evaluate the spinal-pelvic sagittal morphology. The following parameters were measured: thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis(LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), global tilt (GT), T 1-pelvic angle (TPA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic Cobb angle (T-Cobb), lower end vertebra of thoracic Cobb angle (T-LEV), apex vertebra of thoracic Cobb angle (T-Apex), lumbar Cobb angle (L-Cobb). Compare the differences in spine-pelvis parameters among patients of different genders and age groups (in this study, the subjects were subdivided into the 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-93 years groups according to the age range). Results:The results showed that GT, SVA, TPA, and PT increased with age ( P<0.05). For males aged 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-93 years, PT values were 8.58°±6.47°, 9.60°±5.63°, 12.65°±7.13°, 11.00°±6.99°, 13.01°±8.63°, 15.77°±8.02°, and 18.47°±10.03° respectively; for females in the same age groups, the PT values were 8.44°±6.83°, 9.00°±6.44°, 11.84°±7.35°, 12.07°±7.51°, 15.44°±9.39°, 19.26°±8.28°, and 18.17°±9.43° respectively. For males in these age groups, the global tilt (GT) values were 6.37°±7.20°, 8.77°±6.51°, 10.38°±9.07°, 8.80°±7.49°, 10.80°±8.62°, 16.07°±10.42°, and 21.99°±12.65° respectively; for females, the GT values were 4.46°±8.09°, 5.96°±7.83°, 8.17°±6.88°, 9.41°±8.03°, 9.96°±1.39°, 17.89°±9.39°, and 19.55°±12.34° respectively. The sagittal vertical axis (SVA) values for males in the age groups were -7.94±25.57 mm, -2.98±25.69 mm, -4.63±20.90 mm, -6.43±32.81 mm, 7.85±43.39 mm, 36.49±53.89 mm, and 55.57±51.10 mm respectively; for females, they were -24.12±31.35 mm, -17.49±25.12 mm, -17.88±22.72 mm, -8.25±30.91 mm, 8.80±27.45 mm, 28.67±38.22 mm, and 23.23±35.19 mm respectively. For males, the thoracic pelvic angle (TPA) values across the age groups were 4.46°±5.94°, 6.05°±5.38°, 9.58°±9.35°, 7.52°±7.64°, 11.23°±9.59°, 16.32°±12.38°, and 18.49°±11.70° respectively; for females, the TPA values were 2.72°±6.88°, 3.68°±6.26°, 7.30°±6.11°, 7.44°±6.75°, 12.64°±9.79°, 19.08°±10.39°, and 16.79°±13.19° respectively. T-Cobb, T-LEV, and T-Apex increased slowly with age ( P<0.05). The pelvic incidence (PI) remained relatively constant in males ( P>0.05), while it increased slowly with age in females ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sagittal anteversion of the spinal-pelvis increases with age. Gender differences are reflected in specific changes in the fluctuation amplitude of certain parameters (such as PI), and the fluctuations of indicators like T-Cobb, T-LEV, and T-Apex are closely related to the natural aging process of the spine.

Objective:To design an assisted management system for medical consumables that integrated management logic of diagnosis related groups(DRG)for disease,so as to standardize the use for medical consumables and to strengthen regulatory efficiency.Methods:The system was designed by a microservices architecture,and the data fusion of business data,data of diagnosis and treatment,and DRG data was realized through constructed data lake.A knowledge graph of associated rule for medical consumables was established,and the intelligent analysis function included prediction for demand,usage optimization,and anomaly detection was provided to assist management decision-making on the basis of inference for historical data and knowledge,and multi-dimensional data queries.A rule engine was deployed at key clinical nodes for real-time compliance review and intelligent alerts.A DRG-based business management process was constructed to cover full lifecycle of consumables,including admission,procurement,warehousing,storage,requisition,usage billing,and traceability,so as to realize real-time monitoring and early warning for consumable costs at the DRG level.Six clinical doctors with 2-3 years of experience in using medical consumable were selected as test users from Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University,and they were randomly assigned into a system group and a control group,with 3 subjects in each group.The system group utilized the auxiliary management system for medical consumable to perform prediction for the demand of monthly procurement,and rationality verification of consumable.The control group relied on individual experience of doctors.The predicted monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,the accuracy of verifying rationality of using medical consumables between two groups were compared,and the efficiencies of two kinds of management modes also were compared.Results:The accuracy rate of system group was 89.17%in predicting the monthly procurement demand for medical consumables,and the rate of checking accuracy and the rate of checking comprehensiveness of system group were respectively 87.50%and 91.67%in verifying rationality of using medical consumables,which were significantly higher than those of control group,and the differences were significant(x2=6.62,1.96,16.73,P<0.05).The durations of predicting the demand for procurement,and verifying and testing the rationality of consumables in system group were significantly shorter than these in control group[(3.54±0.45)s,(2.23±0.15)s],and the differences were statistically significant(t=1.97,1.65,P<0.05).Conclusion:The medical consumables auxiliary management system integrated with DRG management logic can significantly enhance the accuracy of monthly demand prediction for consumables and the recall rate and precision rate of rationality verification for consumables usage,while greatly improving work efficiency.It is conducive to enhancing the standardized and refined supervision level of consumables usage.

Objective The differences in biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs between individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy individuals during unanticipated and anticipated jumping were compared,in order to provide practical references and ideas for the prevention and treatment of recurrent ankle sprains.Methods Thirty subjects were recruited,including 15 patients with CAI and 15 healthy volunteers.All subjects completed unanticipated and anticipated jumping tests in a random order,with a 1-week interval between the two tests.Kinematic and kinetic data of lower limbs were collected synchronously using Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform.Results At the moment of touchdown,knee flexion angle was significantly greater during unanticipated jumping than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.009),while ankle eversion angle was notably lower(P=0.043).During the early landing phase,unanticipated jumping showed significantly greater peak hip flexion and abduction angles,as well as knee flexion(P=0.038,P=0.036,P=0.04),while peak ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles were significantly lower(P=0.001,P=0.01)compared to anticipated jumping.Additionally,peak hip abduction moment during unanticipated jumping was significantly higher in patients with CAI than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.028).Conclusions Unanticipated jumping reduced ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles in individuals with CAI,putting the ankle in an open,sprain-prone position.Individuals with CAI compensated proximally by increasing hip flexion,abduction,knee flexion angles,and hip extension moment to stabilize the ankle.

Objective:To explore the effects of the "group+individual" combined internet occupational health management model on the physiological indicators, pulmonary imaging changes and self-management ability of people with pneumoconiosis.Methods:In November 2022, patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis in Baotou city from January 2012 to January 2022 were selected. Eighty cases exhibiting a decline in forcect expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and pulmonary imaging changes (primarily ground-glass opacity variations) were chosen as study subjects. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using the sealed envelope method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group received conventional outpatient follow-up and occupational health surveillance management, while the experimental group underwent a remote occupational health management model combining "group+individual" approaches over 12 months, with interventions administered once every 3 months. Comparative analysis was conducted on pre-and pos-management indicators between the two groups, including pulmonary function, pulmonary imaging changes, and self-management ability scores. Results:After occupational health management, the experimental group showed superior improvement in observed indicators (including pulmonary function and pulmonary imaging indicators) compared to the control group ( P<0.05). The self-management ability scores of the experimental group after occupational health management were also better than those of the control group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:The remote occupational health management model combining group management and individualized guidance, when applied to patients with pneumoconiosis, is beneficial for improving their physiological indicators, pulmonary imaging indicators, and enhancing self-management abilities.

Objective:To explore the effects of age and gender on the sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters during the natural aging process of healthy adults.Methods:A total of 647 Chinese healthy adults who underwent health check-ups at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Songyang County People's Hospital, from January 2017 to September 2024 were collected. There were 277 males and 370 females, aged 18-93 years. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the whole spine were taken to evaluate the spinal-pelvic sagittal morphology. The following parameters were measured: thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis(LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), global tilt (GT), T 1-pelvic angle (TPA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic Cobb angle (T-Cobb), lower end vertebra of thoracic Cobb angle (T-LEV), apex vertebra of thoracic Cobb angle (T-Apex), lumbar Cobb angle (L-Cobb). Compare the differences in spine-pelvis parameters among patients of different genders and age groups (in this study, the subjects were subdivided into the 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-93 years groups according to the age range). Results:The results showed that GT, SVA, TPA, and PT increased with age ( P<0.05). For males aged 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-93 years, PT values were 8.58°±6.47°, 9.60°±5.63°, 12.65°±7.13°, 11.00°±6.99°, 13.01°±8.63°, 15.77°±8.02°, and 18.47°±10.03° respectively; for females in the same age groups, the PT values were 8.44°±6.83°, 9.00°±6.44°, 11.84°±7.35°, 12.07°±7.51°, 15.44°±9.39°, 19.26°±8.28°, and 18.17°±9.43° respectively. For males in these age groups, the global tilt (GT) values were 6.37°±7.20°, 8.77°±6.51°, 10.38°±9.07°, 8.80°±7.49°, 10.80°±8.62°, 16.07°±10.42°, and 21.99°±12.65° respectively; for females, the GT values were 4.46°±8.09°, 5.96°±7.83°, 8.17°±6.88°, 9.41°±8.03°, 9.96°±1.39°, 17.89°±9.39°, and 19.55°±12.34° respectively. The sagittal vertical axis (SVA) values for males in the age groups were -7.94±25.57 mm, -2.98±25.69 mm, -4.63±20.90 mm, -6.43±32.81 mm, 7.85±43.39 mm, 36.49±53.89 mm, and 55.57±51.10 mm respectively; for females, they were -24.12±31.35 mm, -17.49±25.12 mm, -17.88±22.72 mm, -8.25±30.91 mm, 8.80±27.45 mm, 28.67±38.22 mm, and 23.23±35.19 mm respectively. For males, the thoracic pelvic angle (TPA) values across the age groups were 4.46°±5.94°, 6.05°±5.38°, 9.58°±9.35°, 7.52°±7.64°, 11.23°±9.59°, 16.32°±12.38°, and 18.49°±11.70° respectively; for females, the TPA values were 2.72°±6.88°, 3.68°±6.26°, 7.30°±6.11°, 7.44°±6.75°, 12.64°±9.79°, 19.08°±10.39°, and 16.79°±13.19° respectively. T-Cobb, T-LEV, and T-Apex increased slowly with age ( P<0.05). The pelvic incidence (PI) remained relatively constant in males ( P>0.05), while it increased slowly with age in females ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sagittal anteversion of the spinal-pelvis increases with age. Gender differences are reflected in specific changes in the fluctuation amplitude of certain parameters (such as PI), and the fluctuations of indicators like T-Cobb, T-LEV, and T-Apex are closely related to the natural aging process of the spine.

Objective The differences in biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs between individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and healthy individuals during unanticipated and anticipated jumping were compared,in order to provide practical references and ideas for the prevention and treatment of recurrent ankle sprains.Methods Thirty subjects were recruited,including 15 patients with CAI and 15 healthy volunteers.All subjects completed unanticipated and anticipated jumping tests in a random order,with a 1-week interval between the two tests.Kinematic and kinetic data of lower limbs were collected synchronously using Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform.Results At the moment of touchdown,knee flexion angle was significantly greater during unanticipated jumping than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.009),while ankle eversion angle was notably lower(P=0.043).During the early landing phase,unanticipated jumping showed significantly greater peak hip flexion and abduction angles,as well as knee flexion(P=0.038,P=0.036,P=0.04),while peak ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles were significantly lower(P=0.001,P=0.01)compared to anticipated jumping.Additionally,peak hip abduction moment during unanticipated jumping was significantly higher in patients with CAI than that during anticipated jumping(P=0.028).Conclusions Unanticipated jumping reduced ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles in individuals with CAI,putting the ankle in an open,sprain-prone position.Individuals with CAI compensated proximally by increasing hip flexion,abduction,knee flexion angles,and hip extension moment to stabilize the ankle.