INTRODUCTION: The most recent local study on the incidence of histological subtypes of all brain and spinal tumours treated surgically was published in 2000. In view of the outdated data, we investigated the presenting characteristics, histological subtypes and outcomes of adult patients who underwent surgery for brain or spinal tumours at our institution. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective review of 501 patients who underwent surgery for brain or spinal tumours from 2016 to 2020 was conducted. The inclusion criteria were (a) patients who had a brain or spinal tumour that was histologically verified and (b) patients who were aged 18 years and above at the time of surgery. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-five patients (86.8%) had brain tumours and 66 patients (13.2%) had spinal tumours. Patients with brain tumours frequently presented with cranial nerve palsy, headache and weakness, while patients with spinal tumours frequently presented with weakness, numbness and back pain. Overall, the most common histological types of brain and spinal tumours were metastases, meningiomas and tumours of the sellar region. The most common complications after surgery were cerebrospinal fluid leak, diabetes insipidus and urinary tract infection. In addition, 15.2% of the brain tumours and 13.6% of the spinal tumours recurred, while 25.7% of patients with brain tumours and 18.2% of patients with spinal tumours died. High-grade gliomas and metastases had the poorest survival and highest recurrence rates. CONCLUSION This study serves as a comprehensive update of the epidemiology of brain and spinal tumours and could help guide further studies on brain and spinal tumours.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications ; Young Adult ; Spinal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adolescent

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of various brachial plexus block techniques using local anesthesia(LA)in patients undergoing their first radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula(RCAVF)surgery.Methods Patients were randomly allocated into three groups:LA,interscalene brachial plexus block(ISBPB),and axillary brachial plexus block(ABPB).Ultrasound was utilized to evaluate the pre-and post-anesthesia changes in vessel diameter and blood flow.Postoperative follow-up assessments were performed at three days and three months to determine fistula patency.Results Immediate patency rates were 92.52％(LA),96.26％(ISBPB),and 95.33％(ABPB),with no statistically significant differences among the groups(χ2=1.615,P=0.446).However,at three months,primary patency rates differed significantly among the groups(χ2=22.691,P<0.001).Specifically,the ISBPB group(83.18％)exhibited significantly higher patency compared to the LA group(57.01％)(χ2=17.477,P<0.001).Similarly,the ABPB group(80.37％)demonstrated better patency than the LA group(χ2=13.580,P<0.001).Regarding respiratory complications,they were more prevalent in the ISBPB group(15.89％)compared to the LA group(2.80％)(χ2=9.761,P=0.002)and the ABPB group(0.93％)(χ2=14.377,P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between the LA and ABPB groups in terms of respiratory complications(χ2=1.019,P=0.313).Conclusions Both ISBPB and ABPB demonstrated superior primary patency compared to LA.Nevertheless,ABPB exerted a lesser impact on respiratory function and provided a more comfortable surgical experience for ESRD patients.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of various brachial plexus block techniques using local anesthesia(LA)in patients undergoing their first radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula(RCAVF)surgery.Methods Patients were randomly allocated into three groups:LA,interscalene brachial plexus block(ISBPB),and axillary brachial plexus block(ABPB).Ultrasound was utilized to evaluate the pre-and post-anesthesia changes in vessel diameter and blood flow.Postoperative follow-up assessments were performed at three days and three months to determine fistula patency.Results Immediate patency rates were 92.52％(LA),96.26％(ISBPB),and 95.33％(ABPB),with no statistically significant differences among the groups(χ2=1.615,P=0.446).However,at three months,primary patency rates differed significantly among the groups(χ2=22.691,P<0.001).Specifically,the ISBPB group(83.18％)exhibited significantly higher patency compared to the LA group(57.01％)(χ2=17.477,P<0.001).Similarly,the ABPB group(80.37％)demonstrated better patency than the LA group(χ2=13.580,P<0.001).Regarding respiratory complications,they were more prevalent in the ISBPB group(15.89％)compared to the LA group(2.80％)(χ2=9.761,P=0.002)and the ABPB group(0.93％)(χ2=14.377,P<0.001).No significant difference was observed between the LA and ABPB groups in terms of respiratory complications(χ2=1.019,P=0.313).Conclusions Both ISBPB and ABPB demonstrated superior primary patency compared to LA.Nevertheless,ABPB exerted a lesser impact on respiratory function and provided a more comfortable surgical experience for ESRD patients.

The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampus ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mental Recall ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Theta Rhythm ; Male

Objective:To explore the protective mechanism of tea polyphenols (TP) on mouse oral cancer.Methods:A total of 50 mice were divided into control group, model group, TP group, Selisistat group, TP+ Selisistat group, with 10 mice in each group. The control group was gavaged with physiological saline, while the model group, TP group, Selisistat group, and TP+ Selisistat group were gavaged with 300 mg/L 4-NQO to establish a mouse oral cancer model. Physiological saline, 200 mg/kg TP, 0.01 mg/kg Selisistat, and 200 mg/kg TP+ 0.01 mg/kg Selisistat were gavaged respectively. The weight changes of each group of mice were compared; HE staining was used to observe the morphology of mouse oral tumor tissue; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum; Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of silencing information regulatory factor (Sirt1) and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins in mouse oral tissues.Results:Compared with the control group, the model group mice had a decrease in body weight [(23.19±1.36)g], a decrease in serum SOD level [(91.64±8.75)U/ml], an increase in MDA level [(5.18±0.46)nmol/ml], a decrease in Sirt1 (0.38±0.05) and Nrf2 (0.36±0.05) protein expression in oral tissue, and an increase in Nrf2 acetylation level (0.84±0.11) (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the TP group mice had an increase in body weight [(25.28±1.25)g], elevated serum SOD levels [(121.24±10.68)U/ml], decreased MDA levels [(3.89±0.42)nmol/ml], increased expression of Sirt1 (0.61±0.09) and Nrf2 (0.58±0.06) proteins in oral tissue, and decreased Nrf2 protein acetylation levels (0.39±0.05); The Selisistat group mice showed a decrease in body weight [(21.41±1.07)g], a decrease in serum SOD levels [(72.16±7.43)U/ml], an increase in MDA levels [(5.87±0.41)nmol/ml], a decrease in Sirt1 (0.23±0.04) and Nrf2 protein (0.24±0.03) expression in oral tissue, and an increase in Nrf2 acetylation levels (1.12±0.14) ( P<0.05). The body weight [(23.32±1.27)g], serum SOD levels [(92.58±8.13)U/ml], and oral Sirt1 (0.41±0.06) and Nrf2 (0.38±0.05) protein expression in the TP+ Selisistat group mice were higher than those in the Selisistat group, while MDA [(5.11±0.38)nmol/ml] and Nrf2 acetylation levels (0.82±0.09) were lower than those in the Selisistat group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Tea polyphenols can alleviate oral tissue damage and alleviate oxidative stress in mice with oral cancer, and their mechanism may be related to the upregulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway.

Background: Recent studies have reported that costoclavicular blocks (CCBs) can consistently block almost all branches of the brachial plexus while sparing the phrenic nerve and provide effective analgesia after shoulder surgery. We aimed to compare the efficacy of the CCB with that of the interscalene block (ISB) as the sole blocking technique for shoulder surgery. Methods: A total of 212 patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomized to receive an ISB or CCB based on a non-inferiority design. All patients received titration sedation with propofol under monitored anesthesia during surgery. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with complete motor blockade of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) and incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP). The secondary outcomes included block-related variables, complications, and postoperative pain scores. Results: The proportion of patients with complete motor blockade of the SSN at 20 min between the CCB and ISB groups (53% vs. 66%) exceeded the predefined non-inferiority margin of −5%, but was comparable at 30 min (87% vs. 91%). The CCB resulted in a significantly lower incidence of HDP (7.55% vs. 92.45%), Horner’s syndrome (0% vs. 18.87%), and dyspnea (0% vs. 10.38%) than the ISB. None of the patients experienced failed blocks or required conversion to general anesthesia. Pain scores were comparable between the groups. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided CCBs may be comparable to ISBs, with fewer unfavorable complications in patients with impaired lung function undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Yeast autolysis affects the flavor and quality of beer. The regulation of yeast autolysis is a need for industrial beer production. Previous studies on brewer's yeast autolysis showed that the citric acid cycle-related genes had a great influence on yeast autolysis. To explore the contribution of isocitrate dehydrogenase genes in autolysis, the IDP1 and IDP2 genes were destroyed or overexpressed in typical lager yeast Pilsner. The destruction of IDP1 gene improved the anti-autolytic ability of yeast, and the anti-autolytic index after 96 h autolysis was 8.40, 1.5 times higher than that of the original strain. The destruction of IDP1 gene increased the supply of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and the NADPH/NADP⁺ ratio was 1.94. After fermentation, intracellular ATP level was 1.8 times higher than that of the original strain, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reduced by 10%. The destruction of IDP2 gene resulted in rapid autolysis and a decrease in the supply of NADPH. Anti-autolytic index after 96 h autolysis was 4.03 and the NADPH/NADP⁺ ratio was 0.89. After fermentation, intracellular ATP level was reduced by 8% compared with original strain, ROS was 1.3 times higher than that of the original strain. The results may help understand the regulation mechanism of citric acid cycle-related genes on yeast autolysis and provide a basis for the selection of excellent yeast with controllable anti-autolytic performance.
Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; NADP ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Autolysis ; Adenosine Triphosphate

Objective To observe the maxillary alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone mineral density of patients with different degree of dental fluorosis.Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of dental fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011),from March 2015 to March 2017,30 orthodontic dental fluorosis patients were selected in Guiyang Stomatological Hospital.According to the degree of tooth damage,patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,10 cases per group;10 normal orthodontic patients were selected as control group.A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken preoperatively to measure the CT values (the attenuation value after absorption of X-rays through the tissue,HU) of buccal alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone density in incisor,canine,premolar,and molar areas.Results The buccal alveolar cortical bone densities of incisor [(1 155.6 ± 80.7),(1 048.8 ± 106.7),(885.1 ± 118.1),(589.7 ± 104.6) HU],canine [(1 221.0 ± 76.l),(1 054.6 ± 95.3),(913.3 ± 109.4),(608.5 ± 131.4) HU],premolar [(1 173.5 ± 91.2),(1 020.9 ± 113.3),(894.5 ± 107.9),(593.5 ± 119.7) HU],and molar [(1 113.6 ± 89.5),(1 017.2 ± 101.3),(877.2 ± 102.9),(609.1 ± 113.5) HU] areas in control,mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,were significantly different statistically (F =45.557,51.411,61.200,56.845,P ＜ 0.01),CT values of dental fluorosis group were significant lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).The cancellous bone mineral density of the incisor [(633.4 ± 67.7),(556.8 ± 80.1),(473.1 ± 71.7),(358.8 ± 98.7) HU],canine [(644.9 ± 70.1),(570.6 ± 73.3),(490.0 ± 85.2),(361.1 ± 93.8) HU],premolar [(630.5 ± 72.5),(554.5 ± 70.7),(477.7 ± 84.0),(353.6 ± 101.4) HU],and molar [(637.6 ± 79.8),(558.5 ± 84.3),(471.7 ± 72.8),(367.7 ± 88.7) HU] areas in control,mild,moderate and severe fluorosis groups,were significantly different statistically (F =20.183,20.245,22.751,21.268,P ＜ 0.01),CT values of dental fluorosis group were significant lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The bone density of maxillary alveolar cortical bone and cancellous bone is reduced in dental fluorosis patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of serum GP73 combined with Dickkopf-1 and AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:117 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in our hospital were collected as hepatocellular carcinoma group,80 patients with hepatitis B virus as the hepatitis group,and randomly selected 80 healthy subjects as the control group from September 2014 to September 2016.The serums GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP level of every group were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the relationship between the GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP between clinicopathological features were analyzed,the diagnostic value of GP73,Dickkopf-1 and AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed.Results:The serums GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP level of hepatocellular carcinoma group were higher than those of hepatitis group,control group,and the serum AFP level of hepatitis group was higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP in patients with classification B～C were higher than those in classification A among the Child Pugh classification,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No statistical significance on difference of GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP between different differentiation,tumor size,number of tumors was found (P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positice predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy of GP73+Dickkopf-1+AFP in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma were higher than those of GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Serums GP73,Dickkopf-1,AFP in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have high expression levels,combined with the three indicators can obviously improve the diagnostic value of hepatocellular carcinoma,which has clinically important reference value.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of hepatic fibrosis against a lethal dose of acetaminophen (APAP) and its underlying mechanisms using a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model of fibrosis.

METHODSThe experimental model of hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of CC14 (in mineral oil), twice a week for 6 weeks; mice given a 6-week course of mineral oil injections served as normal controls. At the end of fibrosis induction, the expmimental (Fib group) and control (Norm group) mice were challenged with APAP (1 g/kg). Sera and liver tissues were harvested for analyses.To assess tolerance of the normal and fibrotic mice to the lethal dose of APAP, the survival rate,serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and hepatic histopathological changes were compared before and after the acute APAP challenge.HMGB 1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.One-way ANOVA test and Newman-Keuls test were used in statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe fibrotic liver was tolerant to the lethal dose of APAP,as evidenced by:(1) significantly higher survival rate in the Fib ± APAP group (80% vs. Norm+APAP group: 0%); (2) markedly lower sALT levels in the Fib+APAP group (6 437 ± 1 913 U/L vs. 12 456 ± 3 441 U/L), P=0.022; (3) remarkably well-preserved liver architecture in the Fib+APAP group.Immunohistochemical analysis showed high HMGB1 expression and cytoplasmic translocation in the Norm+APAP group,which was absent in the Fib+APAP group.

CONCLUSIONSCCl4-induced liver fibrosis protects mice against lethal dose of APAP, Possibly by a mechanism involving inhibition of the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1.