The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of idebenone (IDE) combined with borneol (BO) against Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, wild-type AB zebrafish and transgenic Tg ( vmat2: GFP) zebrafish with green fluorescence labeled dopamine neurons were used to establish the PD model with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP). Following drug treatment, the behavioral performance and dopamine neuron morphology of zebrafish were evaluated, and regulation of dopamine signaling pathway-related genes was determined using RT-qPCR. The results showed that IDE combined with BO improved the behavioral disorders of zebrafish such as bradykinesia and shortening movement distance, also effectively reversed the damage of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurons. At the same time, the expression of dopamine synthesis and transportation-related genes was up-regulated, and the normal function of the signal transduction pathway was restored. The combination showed a better therapeutic effect compared to the IDE monotherapy group. This study reveals the protective mechanism of IDE combined with BO on the central nervous system for the first time, which provides an important experimental basis and theoretical reference for clinical combination strategy in PD treatment.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Dopamine/metabolism* ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Camphanes/pharmacology* ; Ubiquinone/pharmacology* ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy* ; Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism*

Objective:To analyze the application of antitoxin therapy in severe infant botulism.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 cases of severe infant botulism treated at 3 pediatric medical centers from July 2020 to August 2024. This study investigated antitoxin dosage, treatment duration, discontinuation criteria and adverse reactions.Results:A total of 14 cases (12 males and 2 females) were included, with an age of 5.0 (3.8, 7.0) months. Botulinum toxin typing revealed 10 cases of Type B, 2 cases of Type A and 2 untyped cases. The interval from symptom onset to antitoxin administration was 9.0 (6.0, 11.5) d. The initial dosage of type A antitoxin was 12 500 (10 000, 22 500) U, while type B was 5 000 (5 000, 5 000) U. The dosage was tapered in some cases after symptom improvement, the duration of treatment was 16.5 (9.8, 25.3) d. In total, 11 infants discontinued medications after improvement in muscle strength, while 3 infants discontinued treatment after obtaining negative results from fecal mouse bioassays. Adverse events were reported in 2 cases, both of which resulted in rash, and 1 case was complicated with anaphylactic shock. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 11 d to 3 years and 8 months. Totally 12 infants had fully recovered, while 2 infants were still recovering after discharge.Conclusion:Antitoxin therapy is a feasible and safe approach which showed favorable prognosis in severe infant botulism.

In February 2025,the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases(AASLD)published online"Critical Update:AASLD Practice Guidance on Prevention,Diagnosis,and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma".This update mainly focuses on the latest analysis results of the IMbrave050 study and performs corresponding updates and adjustments to recommendations based on the issues in clinical practice.As for the postoperative adjuvant therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)based on immune checkpoint inhibitors,the AASLD has re-evaluated and updated the practice guidance.The update revises related texts and recommendations for adjuvant therapy and the management algorithms for HCC recurrence during or after adjuvant therapy.Furthermore,the AASLD emphasizes that even for HCC patients at a high risk of recurrence after resection or local ablation,close monitoring for recurrence remains the current standard treatment regimen.Our team makes an excerpt of the update,systematically introduces the background and specific contents of the update,and discuss the adjuvant therapy for HCC,in order to provide a reference for readers.

In February 2025， the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases （AASLD） published online “Critical Update： AASLD Practice Guidance on Prevention， Diagnosis， and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma”. This update mainly focuses on the latest analysis results of the IMbrave050 study and performs corresponding updates and adjustments to recommendations based on the issues in clinical practice. As for the postoperative adjuvant therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） based on immune checkpoint inhibitors， the AASLD has re-evaluated and updated the practice guidance. The update revises related texts and recommendations for adjuvant therapy and the management algorithms for HCC recurrence during or after adjuvant therapy. Furthermore， the AASLD emphasizes that even for HCC patients at a high risk of recurrence after resection or local ablation， close monitoring for recurrence remains the current standard treatment regimen. Our team makes an excerpt of the update， systematically introduces the background and specific contents of the update， and discuss the adjuvant therapy for HCC， in order to provide a reference for readers.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a non-specific chronic inflammatory bowel condition.Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are the 2 main types of IBD.IBD is prone to recurrent attacks,which is associated with many factors,such as immune dysfunction,intestinal microenvironment homeostasis imbalance,and environmental and genetic factors;however,its specific pathogenesis is still unclear.Zebrafish has recently emerged as an emerging animal model and have been used extensively for mechanistic research into IBD,model construction,activity evaluation,and screening of anti-IBD agents,due to their unique biological advantages.Based on the latest research progress using zebrafish in the field of IBD,this review systematically introduces the intestinal development characteristics,tissue structure,intestinal immunity,IBD model,and the application of drug screening in zebrafish,to demonstrate the value of zebrafish in the study of IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a non-specific chronic inflammatory bowel condition.Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are the 2 main types of IBD.IBD is prone to recurrent attacks,which is associated with many factors,such as immune dysfunction,intestinal microenvironment homeostasis imbalance,and environmental and genetic factors;however,its specific pathogenesis is still unclear.Zebrafish has recently emerged as an emerging animal model and have been used extensively for mechanistic research into IBD,model construction,activity evaluation,and screening of anti-IBD agents,due to their unique biological advantages.Based on the latest research progress using zebrafish in the field of IBD,this review systematically introduces the intestinal development characteristics,tissue structure,intestinal immunity,IBD model,and the application of drug screening in zebrafish,to demonstrate the value of zebrafish in the study of IBD.

Objective:To analyze the application of antitoxin therapy in severe infant botulism.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 cases of severe infant botulism treated at 3 pediatric medical centers from July 2020 to August 2024. This study investigated antitoxin dosage, treatment duration, discontinuation criteria and adverse reactions.Results:A total of 14 cases (12 males and 2 females) were included, with an age of 5.0 (3.8, 7.0) months. Botulinum toxin typing revealed 10 cases of Type B, 2 cases of Type A and 2 untyped cases. The interval from symptom onset to antitoxin administration was 9.0 (6.0, 11.5) d. The initial dosage of type A antitoxin was 12 500 (10 000, 22 500) U, while type B was 5 000 (5 000, 5 000) U. The dosage was tapered in some cases after symptom improvement, the duration of treatment was 16.5 (9.8, 25.3) d. In total, 11 infants discontinued medications after improvement in muscle strength, while 3 infants discontinued treatment after obtaining negative results from fecal mouse bioassays. Adverse events were reported in 2 cases, both of which resulted in rash, and 1 case was complicated with anaphylactic shock. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 11 d to 3 years and 8 months. Totally 12 infants had fully recovered, while 2 infants were still recovering after discharge.Conclusion:Antitoxin therapy is a feasible and safe approach which showed favorable prognosis in severe infant botulism.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of severe infant botulism and evaluate the therapeutic effect of botulinum antitoxin in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:The clinical data of 8 cases diagnosed with infantile botulism were retrospectively analyzed in the PICU of Beijing Children′s Hospital from October 2019 to August 2023. Data of basic demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis of each child were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results:Eight laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism were included in this study, all of which were male infants with an age of 6.0 (3.3,6.8) months. Three of the children were from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2 of them were from Hebei, and the other 3 were from Beijing, Shandong and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, respectively. All the patients were previously healthy. In 4 of these cases, the possible cause was the ingestion of either honey and its products or sealed pickled food by the mother or child before the onset of the disease. The first symptom was poor milk intake (4 cases), followed by shallow shortness of breath (7 cases), limb weakness (7 cases) and so on. The typical signs were bilateral dilated pupils (8 cases) and decreased limb muscle strength (8 cases). The main subtype was type B (7 cases), and only 1 case was classified as type A. Six of the children were treated with antitoxin therapy for a duration of 24 (19, 49) d. Seven of them had invasive mechanical ventilation. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 29 d to 3 years and 8 months. Six patients had fully recovered, and 2 recently discharged patients were gradually recovering.Conclusions:For infants with suspected contact or ingestion of botulinum and presented with bilateral pupillary paralysis, muscle weakness and clear consciousness, the stool should be collected for diagnostic testing using a mouse bioassay as soon as possible. Type B was the most common type. The antitoxin treatment was effectiveness and the prognosis was well.

Objective:To search, evaluate and summarize the best research evidence of perioperative intestinal management in patients with cervical spinal cord injury, so as to provide evidence-based basis for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Literature on perioperative intestinal management of cervical spinal cord injury were systematically searched in databases, domestic and foreign relevant guidlines network and professional associations, such as UpToDate, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, etc. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to October 1, 2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and the evidence was extracted and summarized.Results:Finally, 9 articles were included, including 2 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 1 randomized controlled trials, and 4 observational studies. Twenty-five pieces of evidence were summarized across six aspects: assessment, diet management, physical activity, physical therapy, drug therapy, prevention and management of intestinal complications.Conclusions:The best evidence of perioperative intestinal management in patients with cervical spinal cord injury summarized in this study can provide reference for clinical nursing practice.

【Objective】 To explore the effect of nifedipine controlled-release tablets on left wrist pulse wave transit time (PWTT) in hypertensive patients. 【Methods】 We selected 262 essential hypertensive patients hospitalized at Chinese PLA General Hospital Hainan Branch from August 2021 to December 2022. The patients were divided into observation group (n=140) and control group (n=122) according to whether or not taking nifedipine controlled release tables. The left wrist PWTT at 0.5 h, 2.5 h, 4.5 h, 6.5 h and 8.5 h after administration of the medicine was collected with a smart watch for statistical analysis. 【Results】 ①The PWTT in the observation group (93±15, 93±13, 87±15, 85±15, 84±10) and the control group (98±18, 92±16, 90±10, 89±8, 89±9) decreased gradually with the extension of time (F=11.448, P<0.001). ②The PWTT decreased by the same amplitude (F=2.206, P>0.05). ③There was no significant difference in PWTT between the observation group and the control group at five time points (F=1.164, P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Administration of nifedipine controlled-release tablets does not affect PWTT of primary hypertensive patients’ left wrist.