Objective To analyze the effect of releasing the lower pulmonary ligament on right residual lung expansion after right upper lobe resection under different body mass index (BMI) levels. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent thoracoscopic right upper lobe resection in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from 2021 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a group A (17 kg/m2＜BMI≤23 kg/m2), a group B (23 kg/m2＜BMI≤29 kg/m2) and a group C (BMI＞29 kg/m2) according to BMI. The presence of residual cavity was judged by chest X-ray at 7-10 days after operation, the degree of compensation change of the right main bronchus angle was measured, and the changes in lung volume were determined by CT three-dimensional reconstruction. Results A total of 157 patients who underwent thoracoscopic right upper lobe resection were included, including 71 males and 86 females, with an average age of (59.7±11.2) years. There were 50 patients in the group A, 75 patients in the group B, and 32 patients in the group C. In the group A, compared with those without releasing the lower pulmonary ligament, patients with releasing had a lower incidence of postoperative residual cavity (P=0.016), greater changes in bronchus angle (P<0.001), and smaller changes in lung volume (P<0.001). In the group B and C, there was no significant effect of releasing the lower pulmonary ligament on postoperative residual cavity, bronchus angle, and lung volume changes (P>0.05). Conclusion For patients with thin and long body shape and low BMI, releasing the lower pulmonary ligament is helpful to promote the expansion of the residual lung after right upper lobe resection and reduce the occurrence of postoperative residual cavity in patients.

Background: and Purpose Live cell-based assays (LCBA) are increasingly used for serological antibody detection due to their ability to preserve antigen conformation, offering moderately higher sensitivity than fixed cell-based assays. However, the clinical necessity of prioritizing LCBA for the detection of aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear, especially when compared to its established role in diagnosing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. Methods: We compared the performance of live cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (LCBA-IF) and fixed cell-based assays using immunofluorescence (FCBA-IF) in detecting AQP4-IgG in 90 cases of NMOSD meeting 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis criteria, alongside 40 controls. Additionally, we further investigated the relationship between AQP4-IgG titers as measured by LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF and clinical parameters in NMOSD patients. Results: Results showed 96.9% agreement between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF (Cohen’s κ=0.935), with a strong Spearman correlation (0.977, p<0.001). Both methods demonstrated 100% specificity, with LCBA-IF showing slightly higher sensitivity compared to FCBA-IF. Within LCBAIF-tested groups, statistically significant differences in annualized relapse rates were observed across all pairwise comparisons (low-titer vs. moderate-titer, low-titer vs. high-titer, and moderate-titer vs. high-titer; all p<0.050). However, this association reached statistical significance in some FCBA-IF-tested groups. Conclusions Overall, there is a strong concordance between LCBA-IF and FCBA-IF in detecting AQP4-IgG, where LCBA-IF shows slightly higher sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a potential link between elevated AQP4-IgG titers and an increased risk of relapse, and this correlation may appear more pronounced when using LCBA-IF.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of electroacupuncture at Fengchi （GB 20）， Waiguan （TE 5）， and Yanglingquan （GB 34） in treating chronic migraine from the perspective of nociceptive sensitization. MethodsForty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， electroacupuncture group， electroacupuncture + agonist group， and inhibitor group， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， rats were injected intraperitoneally with nitroglycerin to establish a chronic migraine rat model. After successful modeling， the electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at bilateral "Fengchi" （GB 20）， "Waiguan" （TE 5）， and "Yanglingquan" （GB 34） for 30 minutes each session. The electroacupuncture + agonist group received the same electroacupuncture treatment and additional injection of protein kinase C （PKC） agonist Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate （1.0 ng/μl， 25 μl） via the infraorbital foramen. The inhibitor group received PKC inhibitor Chelerythrine Chloride （1.0 ng/μl， 10 μl） via the infraorbital foramen. The blank group， model group， and inhibitor group underwent restraint for 30 minutes without other interventions. All groups were continuously intervened for 5 days. After the intervention， the nociceptive thresholds （mechanical and thermal pain） of the periorbital area and hind paw were measured. The expression levels of transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 （TRPV1）， phosphorylated TRPV1 （p-TRPV1）， PKC proteins， Trpv1， Pkc mRNA， and the average fluorescence intensity of transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 （TRPV1） and PKC in the trigeminal ganglion were detected using Western Blot， real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR， and immunofluorescence methods. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the periorbital area and hind paw were reduced in the model group， and the protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， as well as the mRNA expression of Trpv1 and Pkc， and the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 and PKC in the trigeminal ganglion significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the electroacupuncture group exhibited increased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in the periorbital and hind paw areas， and decreased protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， mRNA expression of Trpv1 and Pkc， and average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1. In the electroacupuncture + agonist group， the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion decreased. The inhibitor group exhibited increased mechanical pain thresholds in the periorbital area and thermal pain thresholds in the hind paw， along with decreased protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， and the average fluorescence intensity of TRPV1 and PKC （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the electroacupuncture group， the electroacupuncture + agonist group showed an increase in the protein levels of TRPV1， PKC， p-TRPV1， and the mRNA expression of Trpv1 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionElectroacupuncture at the "Fengchi" （GB 20）， "Waiguan" （TE 5）， and "Yanglingquan" （GB 34） acupoints can increase the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in chronic migraine rats and alleviate nociceptive sensitization. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PKC/TRPV1 pathway.

Objective:To construct a mouse model of house dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment.Methods:C57 BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as the study subjects.HDMs were used intranasally to induce allergic asthma in mice(HDM group).Simultaneously,a normal saline control group(NS group)and a blank control group(CN group)were established.At week 2 and month 1 of model construction,cognitive ability was tested using Barnes maze;pulmonary function was determined by nebulization with acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride solution,and pathological changes in lung and brain tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting.Results:At week 2,there were no significant differences in the enhanced pause(Penh),inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi,time and frequency of mice finding escape boxes,and changes in mature neuronal marker neuronal nuclei antigen(NeuN)and synaptophysin in the brain in the HDM group compared with the CN and NS groups;no neuroinflammation occurred in the brain.At month 1,compared with the CN and NS groups,the HDM group showed a significant increase in Penh and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi;the time of mice finding escape boxes significantly increased(F=19.600,P<0.001),and the frequency significantly decreased(F=10.150,P=0.002);the NeuN-positive area in the hippocampus of mice significantly decreased(F=6.449,P=0.012),and synaptophysin was significantly reduced(F=16.200,P=0.004);activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation occurred.Conclusion:This study successfully constructed a mouse model of HDM-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment,providing a good animal model for exploring the mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by allergic asthma and drug inter-vention research.

Objective To investigate the cardiac protective effect of Taohong Tongluo granules on coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD)rats.Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated group,CMD group,nicorandil group(5 mg/kg),or Taohong Tongluo granule group(50 mg/kg).Animals were administered corresponding drugs for 7 d according to the grouping,and the CMD model was prepared 2 h after the last administration.The rat CMD model was induced by injecting embolization microspheres(diameter 40-120 μm,approximately 1 000 microspheres)into the left ventricular cavity.Twenty-four hours after modeling,echocardiography was performed to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),fractional shortening(FS),and end-diastolic volume(EDV).The damaged myocardial area was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Myocardial morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)staining.The protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease(caspase)-1 in rat myocardial tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.Results Echocardiography showed that the EF and FS values in the Taohong Tongluo granule group,CMD group,and nicorandil group were significantly lower than those in the sham-operated group(all P＜0.001).The EF and FS values in the Taohong Tongluo granule group and nicorandil group were significantly higher than those in the CMD group(all P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in EDV among the groups(all P＞0.05).H-E staining showed no abnormalities in the myocardium in the sham-operated group.The CMD group exhibited microsphere embolism in the myocardium,myocardial cell dissolution and rupture,and inflammatory infiltration.The lesions in the nicorandil group and the Taohong Tongluo granule group were relatively milder,and the number of thrombi in both groups was lower than that in the CMD group(both P＜0.01).The results of TTC staining indicated that the areas of damaged myocardial regions in both the nicorandil group and the Taohong Tongluo granule group were smaller than that in the CMD group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Moreover,the area in the Taohong Tongluo granule group was smaller than that in the nicorandil group(P＜0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that in the CMD model,the expression of ASC and caspase-1 proteins,as well as the number of positive cells for these proteins,was increased and was distributed in myocardial and interstitial cells.The numbers of ASC and caspase-1 positive cells in the Taohong Tongluo granule group were lower than that in the CMD group(both P＜0.01).The Western blotting showed that the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,and caspase-1 proteins in the Taohong Tongluo granule group were all lower than those in the CMD group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Taohong Tongluo granules can improve cardiac function,ameliorate hemodynamic parameters,and reduce myocardial infarction area in rats with CMD induced by microsphere embolism.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of myocardial inflammasome activation,thereby attenuating the myocardial injuries.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoints of Shaoyang meridian on mechanical and thermal pain threshold, TRPV1, CGRP mRNA and TRPV1, p-TRPV1, CGRP protein expressions in TG of CM rats; To explore its mechanism.Methods:Totally 24 SD rats were divided into blank group, model group and EA group according to random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. The blank group did not do any treatment; the model group and the EA group were given intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg) on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day, once a day, for 5 times to prepare migraine rat model; after modeling, the model group was given binding and restraint for 30 min, and the EA group was given binding and restraint for 30 min treatment; the changes of basic mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of rats before and after modeling and intervention were observed, the mRNA expression levels of TRPV1 and CGRP in TG rats were detected by qPCR, and the protein expression levels of TRPV1, p-TRPV1 and CGRP in TG rats were detected by Western blot method.Results:After intervention, compared with the model group, the periorbital and plantar mechanical pain thresholds and plantar thermal pain thresholds in EA group increased ( P<0.05), the TRPV1 and CGRP mRNA expressions in trigeminal ganglion decreased ( P<0.01), the protein expressions of TRPV1, p-TRPV1 and CGRP decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:EA at acupoints of Shaoyang meridian can obviously increase the mechanical and thermal pain threshold and improve pain sensitization in CM rats. The mechanism would be related to down-regulating the expression levels of TRPV1 and CGRP mRNA and TRPV1, p-TRPV1 and CGRP protein in the TG of CM rats.

Objective: To explore the causal link of cumulative ecological risk and future orientation with health risk behaviors among higher vocational college students, so as to provide reference for reducing and preventing health risk behaviors among higher vocational college students. Methods: A longitudinal follow up study was conducted on 612 students using convenience sampling from 2 vocational colleges in Hunan Province. The Cumulative Ecological Risk Scale, Future Orientation Scale, and Health Risk Behavior Scale were used during three follow up visits (T1: September 2022, T2: June 2023, T3: March 2024), and a cross lagged panel model was constructed to examine the longitudinal causal relationship of cumulative ecological risk, future orientation and health risk behaviors. Analysis of longitudinal intermediary effect between variables by Bootstrap. Results: The cumulative ecological risk scores of T1, T2 and T3 among higher vocational college students were (2.94±1.44,2.99±1.63,3.02±1.54), future orientation scores (40.49±4.71,41.51±5.72,41.06±4.35) and health risk behavior scores (3.73±2.01,3.49±2.00,3.23±2.00). The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the future orientation score of T2 was higher than that of T1, and the main effect of measurement time was statistically significant ( F=5.09，P＜0.01,η 2=0.02). The health risk behavior score of T1 was higher than that of T2, and the health risk behavior score of T2 was higher than that of T3, and the main effect of measurement time was statistically significant ( F=10.12，P＜0.01,η 2=0.03).The cross lagged model showed good adaptability, with χ 2/df =7.20 ( P <0.01), relative fitting indicators GFI=0.98, CFI=0.99, TLI=0.96, IFI=0.99, NFI =0.99, and absolute fitting indicator RMSEA =0.06. Among them, the T1, T2 cumulative ecological risk showed negatively predictive effects on T2, T3 future orientation ( β =-0.24, -0.47 ), and T1, T2 cumulative ecological risk positively predicted T2, T3 health risk behavior ( β =0.20, 0.24), while T1, T2 future orientation negatively predicted T2, T3 health risk behavior ( β =-0.25, -0.18) ( P ＜0.01). Bootstrap test analysis found that T2 future orientation had a longitudinal mediating effect ( β=0.04, P ＜0.01) on the T1 cumulative ecological risk and T3 health risk behavior. Conclusions The accumulation of ecological risk among higher vocational college students can positively predict health risk behaviors, while future orientation can negatively predict healthrisk behaviors. Moreover, future orientation plays a longitudinal mediating role between accumulated ecological risks and health risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of neferine in the context of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. METHODS: Male mice were infused with Ang II to induce hypertension and randomly divided into treatment groups receiving neferine or a control vehicle based on baseline blood pressure using a random number table method. The hypertensive mouse model was constructed by infusing Ang II via a micro-osmotic pump (500 ng/kg per minute), and neferine (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg), valsartan (10 mg/kg), or double distilled water was administered intragastrically once daily for 6 weeks. A non-invasive blood pressure system, ultrasound, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to assess blood pressure and vascular changes. RNA sequencing and network pharmacology were employed to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) and pathways. Vascular ring tension assay was used to test vascular function. A7R5 cells were incubated with neferine for 24 h and then treated with Ang II to record the real-time Ca²⁺ concentration by confocal microscope. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to evaluate vasorelaxation, calcium, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway. RESULTS: Neferine treatment effectively mitigated the elevation in blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, aortic thickening in the abdominal aorta of Ang II-infused mice (P<0.05). RNA sequencing and network pharmacology analysis identified 355 DETs that were significantly reversed by neferine treatment, along with 25 potential target genes, which were further enriched in multiple pathways and biological processes, such as ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation, calcium pathway, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Further investigation revealed that neferine treatment enhanced vasorelaxation and reduced Ca²⁺-dependent contraction of abdominal aortic rings, independent of endothelium function (P<0.05). The underlying mechanisms were mediated, at least in part, via suppression of receptor-operated channels, store-operated channels, or voltage-operated calcium channels. Neferine pre-treatment demonstrated a reduction in intracellular Ca²⁺ release in Ang II stimulated A7R5 cells. IHC staining and Western blot confirmed that neferine treatment effectively attenuated the upregulation of p-ERK1/2 both in vivo and in vitro, which was similar with treatment of ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Neferine remarkably alleviates Ang II-induced elevation of blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and pathological changes in the abdominal aorta. This beneficial effect is mediated by the modulation of multiple pathways, including calcium and ERK1/2 pathways.
Animals ; Angiotensin II ; Male ; Benzylisoquinolines/therapeutic use* ; Network Pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Mice ; Hypertension/chemically induced* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Calcium/metabolism*

Objective To explore the effect of 3D printing auxiliary stent on the operation of laryngeal microsurgery instrument.Methods Auxiliary stent of suspension laryngoscope was design and 3D printed.30 standardized training residents as experimental participants were randomly divided into conventional group and auxiliary stent group(15 in each group).The pig's larynx was used as a specimen,and the vocal folds were marked with localized staining.Participants performed operation on the stained areas of the vocal folds under suspension laryngoscope(60 times of grasping in 1 h).The conventional group performed operation unaided;The auxiliary stent group performed operation with the auxiliary stent as a support.Two senior chief physicians scored the participants'stability and accuracy.Results The operational stability scale score of the conventional group and the auxiliary stent group were(5.03±4.33)and(8.99±3.42),respectively;The operation accuracy rates were 58.4%(526/900)and 78.9%(710/900),respectively.The operation accuracy rate,operation stability of the auxiliary stent group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group,and the differences were significant(P<0.01).Conclusion The auxiliary stent can significantly improve the stability and accuracy of operation,which has highly application value.

Aim To investigate the intervention effect of Rehmannia radix water extract on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice combined with metabolomics and to reveal the potential mechanism,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of pul-monary fibrosis.Methods Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,pirfenidone group(positive control,PFD,270 mg·kg-1),and low dose(DH-L,4.55 g·kg-1)group,medium dose(DH-M,9.1 g·kg-1)group and high dose(DH-H,18.2 g·kg-1)group of Rehman-nia.Except for the control group,BLM(5 mg·kg-1)was instilled into the trachea to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis in the other groups.The survival rate,lung index and blood oxygen saturation of mice in each group were evaluated.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.WBP was used to detect lung function.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of primary lung cells,ROS and immune cells.ELISA was used to detect the levels of fibrosis markers and inflammatory factors(α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6).Biochemical method was employed to detect the contents of GSH-Px,T-SOD and MDA.Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer(LC-MS)metabolomics was used to analyze the changes of serum metabolic profile.Results Water extract of Re-hmannia significantly increased the survival rate,oxy-gen saturation and lung function of mice with pulmona-ry fibrosis,reduced the lung coefficient,ameliorated pathological damage and collagen deposition in lung tissue,reduced the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in lung tissue.It regulated the levels of metabo-lites such as bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabo-lism,and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.Conclu-sions Water extract of Rehmannia inhibits lung injury and collagen deposition in mice with pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response,which may be a-chieved by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors through the metabolic pathways of bile acid and sphin-golipid.