ObjectiveTo genotype the specimens from hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2023 by gene sequencing, and to analyze the genetic characteristics of Coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4), CVA6, CVA10, CVA16 and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), so as to clarify the serotypes of enteroviruses causing endemic HFMD and the genotype composition of CVA4, CVA6, CVA10, CVA16 and EV-A71 prevalent in HFMD, and to provide baseline genotype data for monitoring the dynamic changes of the five virus genotypes. MethodsStool specimens from HFMD cases in Dehong Prefecture in 2023 that tested positive for EV-A71, CVA16 and other enteroviruses by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were first subjected to gene sequencing and typing of the VP4/VP2 junction region to determine the viral types. Subsequently, the complete VP1 gene of each virus was amplified in two segments using group-specific VP1 gene primers corresponding to enterovirus groups (i.e., enterovirus group A, B, and C) and sequenced (group A virus: primers 486/488 and 487/489, group B virus: primers 490/492 and 491/493, group C virus: primers 494/496 and 495/497). The representative reference sequences of VP1 genes for CVA4, CVA6, CVA10, CVA16 and EV-A71 were downloaded from the literature, and the VP1 gene phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0 software for genetic characterization. ResultsA total of 256 stool specimens were collected from HFMD cases in Dehong Prefecture in 2023, of which 94 tested positive for nucleic acid by RT-qPCR, yielding a positive rate of 36.72%. Of the 94 positive specimens, 83 were identified as group A viruses, and were classified into 5 serotypes (17 strains of CVA4, 3 of CVA6, 6 of CVA10, 49 of CVA16, and 8 of EV-A71). Nine strains were group B viruses, comprising 2 serotypes: 2 strains of echovirus type 3 (E3) and 7 strains of Coxsackievirus B type 5 (CVB5). The remaining 2 strains were group C viruses, both identified as poliovirus type 3 (PV3). Genetic analyses of the VP1 region showed that all 17 CVA4 strains were identified as subgenotype C2, all 3 CVA6 strains as subgenotype D3a, all 6 CVA10 strains as genotype C. Among the 49 CVA16 strains, 46 were identified as subgenotype B1a and 3 as subgenotype B1b, and all 8 EV-A71 strains were identified as subgenotype C4a. ConclusionIn 2023, group A viruses dominated the pathogenic spectrum of HFMD in Dehong Prefecture. Among them, CVA16 had the highest positivity rate. Genetic characteristic analyses showed that CVA4, CVA6, CVA10 and EV-A71 were each composed of a single genotype (subgenotype), while CVA16 was composed of two subgenotypes (B1a and B1b), with B1a being the predominant one. It is recommended that molecular epidemiological surveillance of HFMD pathogens, particularly group A viruses, be continuously strengthened in Dehong Prefecture.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and underlying mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the process of Xiaojinwan （XJW）-containing serum interfering with endothelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MethodsXJW-containing serum was prepared by intragastric administration of XJW （4 g·kg^-1） to SD rats. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro. β-Catenin overexpression and knockdown plasmids were constructed and transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells. The optimal XJW-containing serum （4 g·kg^-1） according to previous studies was used for β-catenin intervention and overexpression experiments. The groups for intervention/overexpression experiments included intervention/overexpression blank group， β-catenin intervention/overexpression group， intervention/overexpression blank + XJW group， and β-catenin intervention/overexpression + XJW group. Cell morphology was observed under a microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect and record apoptosis rates. Western blot was performed to measure apoptosis-related proteins ［B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， and active-Caspase-3］ and EMT-related proteins （E-cadherin， N-cadherin， and vimentin）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect β-catenin mRNA expression levels in different groups. ResultsIntervention experiment results showed that compared with the intervention blank group， the β-catenin intervention group and the intervention blank + XJW group showed increased apoptosis rates （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated protein levels of Bax， active Caspase-3， and E-cadherin （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased protein levels of Bcl-2 and Vimentin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. β-catenin mRNA expression was reduced in the β-catenin intervention group （P<0.05， 0.63 ± 0.15） and the intervention blank + XJW group （P<0.05， 0.79 ± 0.33）. Compared with the β-catenin intervention group， the β-catenin intervention + XJW group exhibited an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， elevated Bax and active Caspase-3 protein levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased Bcl-2， N-cadherin， and Vimentin protein levels （P<0.05）. β-catenin mRNA expression was further reduced in the β-catenin intervention + XJW group （P<0.01， 0.22 ± 0.08）. Compared with the intervention blank + XJW group， the β-catenin intervention + XJW group showed an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， elevated Bax， active Caspase-3， and E-cadherin protein levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased Bcl-2， N-cadherin， and vimentin protein levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. β-catenin mRNA expression was also reduced （P<0.05）. Overexpression experiment results showed that compared with the overexpression blank group， the β-catenin overexpression group exhibited a reduced apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， while the overexpression blank + XJW group showed an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.05）. In the β-catenin overexpression and β-catenin overexpression + XJW groups， Bax and E-cadherin protein levels decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while Bcl-2， N-cadherin， and vimentin levels increased （P<0.05）. In the overexpression blank + XJW group， Bax and E-cadherin levels increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while Bcl-2， N-cadherin， and vimentin levels decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. β-catenin mRNA expression increased in the β-catenin overexpression group （P<0.01， 7.26 ± 1.03） but decreased in the overexpression blank + XJW group （P<0.05， 0.73 ± 0.14）. Compared with the β-catenin overexpression group， the β-catenin overexpression + XJW group showed an increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， elevated Bax and E-cadherin levels （P<0.05）， and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin levels （P<0.05）. β-catenin mRNA expression was reduced （P<0.05， 4.65 ± 1.02）. Compared with the overexpression blank + XJW group， the β-catenin overexpression + XJW group exhibited a reduced apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， decreased Bax and E-cadherin levels （P<0.01）， and increased Bcl-2， N-cadherin， and Vimentin levels （P<0.05）. β-catenin mRNA expression increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionXJW-containing serum inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by suppressing EMT， which is associated with the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To prepare virus-like particles (VLPs) for yellow fever virus (YFV) using the pACYCDuet-1 single-plasmid dual expression system. Methods Gene fragments including NS1, NS5, and 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR fragment of YFV were cloned into the expression plasmid pACYCDuet-1-MS2-TMpac (carrying MS2 coat protein gene) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) for expression. VLPs were observed by TEM. After DNase I/RNase A digestion, RNA was extracted and transcribed into cDNA, which was subjected to fluorescence quantitative PCR detection. Results According to SN/T 3560-2013, double digestion and colony PCR of pACYCDuet-1-MS2-TMpac-YFV both produced expected bands. SDS-PAGE showed a target band at 25-35 kDa. RT-PCR amplified VLPs after enzyme digestion, and TEM revealed VLPs with clear edges and translucent interiors. Thus, the plasmid was successfully constructed, and the phage coat protein packaged YFV genes with nuclease resistance. Conclusion VLPs containing specific gene fragments of yellow fever virus have been successfully prepared. These nuclease-resistant VLPs can serve as safe and stable quality control materials to ensure the reliability of laboratory detection for YFV.

Tissue repair requires the reconstruction of functional vascular networks to restore oxygen and nutrient delivery, eliminate metabolic waste, and maintain tissue homeostasis. Although biochemical factors such as growth factors and cytokines have been extensively studied in vascular regeneration, increasing evidence indicates that mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are equally important regulators of angiogenesis. Matrix stiffness, as a major biomechanical property of the tissue microenvironment, provides critical information that influences endothelial cell (EC) behavior and vascular remodeling through mechanotransduction. However, the biological effects of matrix stiffness are not universally defined as either pro- or anti-angiogenic, but are highly dependent on tissue context, cellular composition, disease progression, and the dynamic changes occurring during tissue repair. Therefore, understanding how matrix stiffness regulates vascular regeneration is essential for developing more precise strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of angiogenesis by matrix stiffness during tissue repair from multiple perspectives. First, we discuss the direct effects of matrix stiffness on EC behaviors, including differentiation, morphological remodeling, migration, proliferation, barrier maintenance, and vascular network formation. ECs sense mechanical alterations in the surrounding matrix through various mechanosensitive structures, including integrins, focal adhesion complexes, and mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1 and TRPV proteins. These mechanical signals are subsequently transmitted through intracellular pathways involving FAK, RhoA/ROCK, MAPK, and Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling, leading to cytoskeletal reorganization and transcriptional regulation. Through these mechanisms, matrix stiffness regulates endothelial functional states and determines the balance between regenerative vascular formation and pathological vascular remodeling. Beyond the direct regulation of ECs, we further highlight the importance of stiffness-mediated intercellular communication within the regenerative microenvironment. Matrix stiffness can regulate the behavior and secretory profiles of vascular-associated cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages, thereby indirectly affecting endothelial function through paracrine mechanisms. Changes in matrix mechanics influence the secretion of angiogenic factors, inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular vesicles from these cells, creating a mechanical regulation network that coordinates vascular regeneration. This perspective extends the traditional concept of matrix stiffness from a physical support structure to an active regulatory signal that integrates multiple cellular responses during tissue repair. Furthermore, we discuss the tissue-specific effects of matrix stiffness in vascular regeneration across different organs, including the aorta, lung, liver, and heart. Although excessive matrix stiffening is frequently associated with fibrosis and vascular dysfunction, the consequences of mechanical changes vary considerably among tissues. Moderate stiffness alterations may support endothelial activation and vascular stabilization in certain regenerative contexts, whereas persistent pathological stiffening can promote inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and impaired vascular repair. These findings emphasize that the biological meaning of “soft” and “stiff” microenvironments should be interpreted according to specific tissue and experimental conditions rather than as universal mechanical classifications. Finally, we summarize current challenges and future perspectives in this field. A major limitation is the lack of standardized mechanical characterization among different studies, as stiffness measurements are influenced by material properties, testing methods, and experimental conditions, limiting direct comparison across research systems. Moreover, most existing models fail to fully reproduce the dynamic and viscoelastic properties of native ECM during tissue regeneration. Future studies should combine advanced biomaterials with standardized mechanical analysis, organoid models, and multi-omics approaches to establish more accurate mechanical regulatory maps. Overall, this review proposes that matrix stiffness is not merely a structural feature of tissues, but an active biological signal that regulates vascular regeneration through coordinated mechanotransduction and multicellular interactions. A deeper understanding of stiffness-mediated vascular regulation will provide new theoretical insights and therapeutic opportunities for improving tissue repair outcomes.

Objective: To assess parental expectations for the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify factors associated with these expectations, so as to provide references for improving rehabilitation outcomes and long term development in children with ASD. Methods: From June 2024 to January 2026, a total of 877 children with ASD and their parents were recruited from 27 rehabilitation institutions in Hefei. The children had been diagnosed by chief physicians at tertiary level hospitals. Demographic characteristics and data on parental expectations were collected by the Parental Expectations Questionnaire. Differences in parental expectations between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U- test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test, and associated factors were examined using quantile regression. Results: The mean item score for overall parental expectations among parents of children with ASD was (4.55±0.47), and scores for all dimensions were higher than those among parents of typically developing children ( t =11.11-31.14, all P <0.01). Child age, school enrollment, and maternal personality were associated with daily living expectation scores, learning and special talents and strengths expectation scores, and special talents and strengths expectation scores, respectively ( H =6.16-8.18, all P <0.05). Parents of preterm children had higher expectations for social interaction, physical and mental well being, and daily living than parents of non-preterm children ( Z =-2.56, -2.48, -2.39, all P <0.05). Multivariate quantile regression analysis showed that children’s age was associated with the expected level of self care ability; school enrollment status was associated with the expected level of learning and specialty strengths; maternal personality was associated with the expected levels of social competence, physical and mental health, self care ability, and specialty strengths; parental age was associated with the expected levels of physical and mental health and specialty strengths; and parental educational attainment was associated with the expected level of self care ability ( β =-0.36-0.41, all P <0.05). Conclusion Parents of children with ASD in Hefei generally have high expectations for their children s development across the domains of learning, daily living, social interaction, and physical and mental well being.

Surgical treatment is one of the key approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Regular postoperative follow-up is crucial for early detection and timely management of tumor recurrence, metastasis, or second primary tumors. A scientifically sound and reasonable follow-up strategy not only extends patient survival but also significantly improves quality of life, thereby enhancing overall prognosis. This consensus aims to build upon the previous version by incorporating the latest clinical research advancements and refining postoperative follow-up protocols for early-stage NSCLC patients based on different treatment modalities. It provides a scientific and practical reference for clinicians involved in the postoperative follow-up management of NSCLC. By optimizing follow-up strategies, this consensus seeks to promote the standardization and normalization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, helping more patients receive high-quality care and long-term management. Additionally, the release of this consensus is expected to provide insights for related research and clinical practice both domestically and internationally, driving continuous development and innovation in the field of postoperative management for NSCLC.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness（ILI）and the genetic evolutionary trends of the hemagglutinin（HA）and neuraminidase（NA）genes of influenza A（H3N2）viruses isolated in Baotou during the 2022-2023 influenza season.Methods:Etiological surveillance data for ILI cases in Baotou during the 2022-2023 influenza season were collected from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data. HA and NA genes of 30 influenza A（H3N2）viruses were sequenced. Amino acid variation sites，glycosylation sites，drug resistance genes，and phylogenetic trees were analyzed using MEGA 11 software and the NextClade online analysis tool.Results:A total of 1 443 ILI specimens were tested，of which 241（16.70%）were positive for influenza viruses. Among the positive cases，influenza A（H3N2）virus-positive cases accounted for 75.93%（183/241）. The nucleotide sequence similarity of the HA gene between the 30 influenza A（H3N2）isolates and the vaccine strains A/Hong Kong/2671/2019（H3N2），A/Cambodia/e0826260/2020（H3N2），and A/Darwin/9/2021（H3N2）ranged from 96.83% to 98.77%，while the amino acid sequence similarity ranged from 94.63% to 99.62%. A total of 14 amino acid variation sites and 11 conserved glycosylation sites were identified in the HA gene. For the NA gene，the nucleotide sequence similarity ranged from 98.37% to 99.65%，and the amino acid sequence similarity ranged from 94.64% to 98.28%. A total of three amino acid variation sites and nine conserved glycosylation sites were found in the NA gene. None of the 30 influenza A（H3N2）isolates had mutations associated with drug resistance，and all belonged to the clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1.Conclusions:During the 2022-2023 influenza season in Baotou，the circulating influenza A（H3N2）viruses belong to the same evolutionary clade as the 2021-2022 vaccine strain A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020（H3N2）. The isolates from different sources share a common evolutionary origin；however，variations are observed across the genome in terms of homology，molecular mutations，and glycosylation patterns.

As a core device in dental diagnosis and treatment, dental handpiece and its evolution have played a crucial role in advancing dental medicine. This paper systematically reviews the developmental journey of dental handpiece, from primitive dental drill to modern handpiece, analyzing breakthroughs in rotational speed performance, structural design, and functional expansion, as well as their clinical value. Furthermore, it proposes future clinical needs and innovative directions for dental handpiece development, providing references for innovative research and development of dental handpiece.