Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for most patients, but there are serious side effects. CD19 is generally highly expressed in B-lineage malignancies and plays a key role in B cell signal transduction, activation and development. Therefore, it has become one of the effective targets for treatment of B-cell malignancies. At present, a variety of therapies targeting CD19 have been developed, including antibody drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors cell therapies. This paper reviews the clinical trial progress of CD19-targeted therapy for B-ALL.

ObjectiveIn order to explore the utilization value of the seeds dropped in the harvesting， processing， storage and transportation of Prunellae Spica， the character， turgidity and chemical composition of the seeds were analyzed and compared with those of the commercially available varieties， such as chia seeds and basil seeds. MethodCharacter was observed directly. The turgidity was determined according to the method of general rule 2101 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ， the 2020 edition）. The contents of six phenolic acids （danshensu， protocatechuic acid， protocatechuic aldehyde， caffeic acid， salviaflaside and rosmarinic acid） were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）， acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） was used as mobile phase for gradient elution （0-7 min， 2%-8%A； 7-13 min， 8%A； 13-14 min， 8%-17%A； 14-30 min， 17%A）， the detection wavelength was at 280 nm. The liposoluble components were extracted by n-hexane and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）， and the contents of five fatty acids， namely palmitic acid， oleic acid， stearic acid， linolic acid and α-linolenic acid， were determined on a DB-35MS capillary column （0.25 mm×60.0 m， 0.25 µm）， the injection temperature was 250 ℃， the carrier gas was high-purity helium with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and the splitting ratio of 50∶1. The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation method and its components were identified by GC-MS on a WM-5MS capillary column （0.25 mm×30.0 m， 0.25 µm） with the injection temperature of 250 ℃， the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1 and the splitting ratio of 10∶1. ResultPrunellae Spica seeds were slightly smaller than chia seeds and basil seeds， and their color of seed coat was obviously different. Prunellae Spica seeds had strong water absorption and swelling characteristics， and the turgidity was 17.4 mL·g^-1， which was lower than that of chia seeds （25.2 mL·g^-1） and basil seeds （35.6 mL·g^-1）. Prunellae Spica seeds were rich in phenolic and fatty acids， while the content of volatile oil was very low. The main phenolic acids were salviaflaside and rosmarinic acid， with the contents of 0.579% and 0.392%， respectively. The total content of five fatty acids in n-hexane extract was 90.1%， and total content of unsaturated fatty acids was 80.6%， among which content of α-linolenic acid was 50.0%， which was slightly lower than 57.2% of chia seeds and similar to 50.0% of basil seeds. ConclusionPrunellae Spica seeds have good turgidity， rich in phenolic acids and unsaturated fatty acids， and especially with high amount of α-linolenic acid. It is worthy of being developed as functional food to realize comprehensive utilization of the waste resources of Prunellae Spica.

As one of the refractory tumors in the world, brain glioma has increased incidence year by year in recent years. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), as one of the main clinical features of glioma, has proved to be the main source of recurrent tumor infiltrating area. There are significant changes in the interstitial fluid drainage partition system and the steady state of brain partitions in the extracellular space (ECS) of this area, embodied in ECS space structure (volume fraction and tortuosity), tissue fluid drainage, material diffusion, and space physical polarity. And this process involves a series of changes of molecular biology mechanisms. This paper focuses on the specific changes and related mechanisms of ECS in PTBE region of brain glioma from the perspective of the brain cells microenvironment, so as to further explore the pathophysiological changes in this region and provide theoretical basis for the new model of diagnosis and treatment of glioma based on ECS.

Background and Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which the mechanisms behind its initiation and development are related to many factors. DMSCs (dermal mesenchymal stem cells) represent an important member of the skin microenvironment and play an important role in the surrounding environment and in neighbouring cells, but they are also affected by the microenvironment. We studied the glucose metabolism of DMSCs in psoriasis patients and a control group to reveal the relationship among glucose metabolism, cell proliferation activity，and VEC (vascular endothelial cell) differentiation in vitro, we demonstrated the biological activity and molecular mechanisms of DMSCs in psoriasis. Methods: and Results: We found that the OCR of DMSCs in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in the control group, and mRNA of GLUT1 and HK2 were up-regulated compared with the control group. The proliferative activity of DMSCs in psoriasis was reduced at an early stage, and mRNA involved in proliferation, JUNB and FOS were expressed at lower levels than those in the control group. The number of blood vessels in psoriatic lesions was significantly higher than that in the control group (p＜0.05), which the mRNA of VEC differentiation, CXCL12, CXCR7, HEYL and RGS5 tended to be increased in psoriatic lesions compared to the control group, in addition to Notch3. Conclusions We speculated that DMSCs affected local psoriatic blood vessels through glucose metabolism, and the differentiation of VECs, which resulted in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis.

Objective To investigate the role of circular RNA (circRNA) in the occurrence of psoriasis.Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from skin lesions of 15 patients with psoriasis (psoriasis group) and skin tissues of 15 healthy human controls (control group) separately,and then subjected to cultivation.Flow cytometry and cell differentiation assay were performed to identify these mesenchymal stem cells.RNA sequencing was conducted to measure the expression of circRNA,and detailed bioinformatics analysis was performed.Then,7 differentially expressed circRNAs were selected,and a circRNA-microRNA interaction network was established.In this network,3 related microRNAs were selected and validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Statistical analysis was carried out by a two-sample t-test for comparison of qRT-PCR results between the psoriasis group and control group.Results As RNA sequencing showed,a total of 6 323 circRNAs were identified,and 3 227 out of these circRNAs were first reported in this study.Compared with the control group,129 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the psoriasis group,including 123 up-regulated circRNAs and 6 down-regulated circRNAs.The predicted circRNA-microRNA interaction network showed that several psoriasis-related microRNAs were associated with the 7 circRNAs,such as miR-17-5p,miR-30e-5p,miR-142-3p/5p,miR-369-3p,miR-184,miR-4490,miR-654-3p and miR-423-5p.qRT-PCR also confirmed that the 7 differentially expressed circRNAs were up-regulated in the psoriasis group.Compared with the control group,the expression of the 3 selected microRNAs significantly decreased in the psoriasis group (t =3.993,3.217,2.918,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is aberrant expression of circular RNAs in the mesenchymal stem cells from psoriatic skin lesions,which may take part in the occurrence of psoriasis.

Objective To study the correlations between the genetic polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the postpartum depression (PPD) in cesarean section parturient. Methods Three hundred and sixty parturients, who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia from Feb. 2014 to Feb. 2015 in Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, were selected as subjects. The general information of parturients was recorded and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate the depression condition of parturients at the prenatal 1 day and the 42th day postpartum, and with a cut-off point of 12/13 for identifying PPD. The genotypes of BDNF gene locus G712A, rs56164415, rs11030100, rs11030101 and rs6265 were measured by Sequenom? Mass Array SNP. Finally, the correlations of PPD to different genotypes and general information of parturients were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of PPD among the selected subjects was 7.2%. Pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count, prenatal depression mood and BDNF gene locus rs6265 mutation all could affect the incidence of PPD in cesarean section parturients (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference existed between BDNF gene G712A, rs11030101, rs11030100 and rs56164415 locus mutation and PPD (P>0.05), and their haploid forms were not related to PPD also. Conclusion BDNF rs6265CC genotype, pregnancy mental stress, poor pregnancy mood, perinatal elevated monocyte count and prenatal depression mood are the risk factors for postpartum depression.

Objectives To study the clinical effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty on senile osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures.Methods The 87 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures were randomly grouped into control group (n=42) treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty and observation group (n=45) treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty in our hospital from June 2013-March 2016.And the clinical curative effect before and after treatment was compared and analyzed.Results The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score in observation group versus control group was (8.49±2.86) vs.(8.56±2.98),(t=0.11,P>0.05) before treatment,and[(2.58±1.34) vs.(3.34±2.01),t=2.09,P< 0.05],[(2.06±0.97) vs (3.87±1.96),t=5.51,P<0.05]and[(1.09±0.89) vs (2.37±1.29)],t=5.42,P<0.05]at 1 week,4 weeks,and 12 weeks after treatment respectively,showing statistically significant improvement after treatment.The data of kyphosis angle by using Cobb angle,Oswestry lumbar dysfunction index (ODI),mean time of postoperative ambulation,and mean postoperative hospital stay were similar to that of the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score,showing statistically significant improvement after treatment (all P<0.05).The incidence[cases (%)]of bone cement leakage was lower in observation group[3(6.7)]than in control[9(21.4)](χ2=3.98,P<0.05).Conclusions Clinical treatment effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty on the elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures are superior to that of percutaneous vertebroplasty.Percutaneous kyphoplasty can effectively relieve pain,and improve body function disorders and the quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the effect of MDR1 gene polymorphisms on the neuromuscular block of rocuronium. Methods One hundred thirty-five patients, aged 18-50 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 006 mg∕kg, sufentanil 07 μg∕kg, propofol(target plasma concentration 6 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 6 ng∕ml). After the patients lost consciousness, neuromuscular block was assessed with TOF-Watch SX accelerometer, and rocuronium 06 mg∕kg was intravenously injec-ted. Anesthesia was maintained by target-controlled infusion of propofol(target plasma concentration 3-5 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 3-6 ng∕ml). Rocuronium 015 mg∕kg was added when T1reached 25% of control. The onset time of rocuronium, maintenance time of induction dose, main-tenance time of additional dose and recovery index were recorded. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for MDR1 genotype(MDR1 1236 C>T and 3435 C>T)analysis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results For MDR1 1236 C>T genotype, there were 19 cases of MDR1 1236 CC genotype, 72 cases of MDR1 1236 TT genotype, 44 cases of MDR1 1236 CT genotype. Compared with patients of MDR1 1236 CC, the maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index were significantly prolonged in patients of MDR1 1236 TT and CT geno-types(P<005). For MDR1 3435 C>T genotype, there were 58 cases of MDR1 3435 CC genotype, 55 cases of MDR1 3435 TT genotype, 22 cases of MDR1 3435 TC genotype. There was no significant differ-ence in maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index among patients of different MDR1 3435 C>T genotypes(P>005). Conclusion MDR1 1236 C>T gene poly-morphisms affects the neuromuscular block of rocuronium, and the genetic factor may be one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in the efficacy.

Objective To explore the effects of different ventilation modes of tracheobronchial foreign body in children with fiberoptic operation under general anesthesia.Methods Sixty children (1ys≤ age≤3ys) undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy tracheal foreign body removal according to the combinations of different ventilation modes during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) procedures were divided into group A [volume control ventilation (VCV) + VCV,n =20],group B [pressure control ventilation (PCV) + VCV,n =20] and group C (PCV + PCV,n =20) randomly.The P mean,Pmax,and PetCO2 during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures were monitored.The SpO2,PaO2,and PaCO2 after mechanical ventilation 1.5 hours were recorded.Results Compared to group A,groups B and C had lower P max and P mean (P ＜ 0.05) during the FOB procedures.Compared to groups A and B,group C had a lower P max and P mean (P ＜0.01) after the FOB procedures.At the 1.5 hours after the procedure,all the children showed significant increase in SpO2 and PaO2 (P ＜ 0.05) and decrease in PaCO2 (P ＜ 0.05) in groups A,B,and C.Conclusions When fiberoptic bronchoscopy in tracheobronchial foreign body operation is applied in children undergoing general anesthesia,the pressure control ventilation (VCV) mode can decrease the pressure of airway (Paw) and PaCO2 than volume control mode during procedure.

Objective To study the effect of chronic poisoning of ketamine on brain cell apoptosis in adult mouse under different duration and doses. Methods The mouse model of chronic poisoning of ketamine was established on adult mouse by tail vein injection of ketamine twice every week with different doses (4, 10, 20 and 30 m g/kg). The mice were sacrificed after continuous injection of ketamine of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The qualitative assessment of apoptosis was made by transmission electron microscope and the quantitative assessment was made by Caspase-3 im m umofluorescence staining method and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dU TP nick end labeling (TUNEL ) to estimate the time point of apoptosis. All the experimental results were statistically analyzed. Results The neuron apoptosis was ob-served in hippocam pus and corpus striatum by transmission electron microscope one week after adminis-tration, and continued for eight weeks. High level of Caspase-3 expression was observed one week after administration, but with a lowlevel expression after 4 weeks. The num ber of TUNEL positive cells ob-viously increased one week after administration and maintained in ahigh num ber at 4 weeks. Conclu-sion Ketamine by tail vein injection could induce neuron apoptosis in adult mouse.