BACKGROUND:Carnosic acid,a bioactive compound found in rosemary,has been shown to reduce inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,its mechanism of action in osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of carnosic acid on osteoclast activation,ROS production,and mitochondrial function. METHODS:Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice were extracted and cultured in vitro.Different concentrations of carnosic acid(0,10,15,20,25 and 30 μmol/L)were tested for their effects on bone marrow-derived macrophage proliferation and toxicity using the cell counting kit-8 cell viability assay to determine a safe concentration.Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured in graded concentrations and induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand for osteoclast differentiation for 5-7 days.The effects of carnosic acid on osteoclast differentiation and function were then observed through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining,F-actin staining,H2DCFDA probe and mitochondrial ROS,and Mito-Tracker fluorescence detection.Western blot and RT-PCR assays were subsequently conducted to examine the effects of carnosic acid on the upstream and downstream proteins of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced MAPK signaling pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and F-actin staining showed that carnosic acid dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation and actin ring formation in the cell cytoskeleton,with the highest inhibitory effect observed in the high concentration group(30 μmol/L).Carnosic acid exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect during the early stages(days 1-3)of osteoclast differentiation compared to other intervention periods.Fluorescence imaging using the H2DCFDA probe,mitochondrial ROS,and Mito-Tracker demonstrated that carnosic acid inhibited cellular and mitochondrial ROS production while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential,thereby influencing mitochondrial function.The results of western blot and RT-PCR revealed that carnosic acid could suppress the expression of NFATc1,CTSK,MMP9,and C-fos proteins associated with osteoclast differentiation,and downregulate the expression of NFATc1,Atp6vod2,ACP5,CTSK,and C-fos genes related to osteoclast differentiation.Furthermore,carnosic acid enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzyme proteins and reduced the generation of ROS during the process of osteoclast differentiation.Overall,carnosic acid exerts its inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting the phosphorylation modification of the P38/ERK/JNK protein and activating the MAPK signaling pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with profound impact on patients’ quality of life and long-term health, and early detection and intervention are particularly critical. In recent years, the search for precise and reliable biomarkers has become one of the key strategies to effectively address the clinical challenges of PD. In this paper, we systematically evaluated potential biomarkers, including proteins, metabolites, epigenetic markers, and exosomes, in the peripheral blood of PD patients. Protein markers are one of the main directions of biomarker research in PD. In particular, α‑synuclein and its phosphorylated form play a key role in the pathological process of PD. It has been shown that aggregation of α-synuclein may be associated with pathologic protein deposition in PD and may be a potential marker for early diagnosis of PD. In terms of metabolites, uric acid, as a metabolite, plays an important role in oxidative stress and neuroprotection in PD. It has been found that changes in uric acid levels may be associated with the onset and progression of PD, showing its potential as an early diagnostic marker. Epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation modifications and miRNAs, have also attracted much attention in Parkinson’s disease research. Changes in these markers may affect the expression of PD-related genes and have an important impact on the onset and progression of the disease, providing new research perspectives for the early diagnosis of PD. In addition, exosomes, as a potential biomarker carrier for PD, are able to carry a variety of biomolecules involved in intercellular communication and pathological regulation. Studies have shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide a new breakthrough for early diagnosis. It has been shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide new breakthroughs in early diagnosis. In summary, through in-depth evaluation of biomarkers in the peripheral blood of PD patients, this paper demonstrates the important potential of these markers in the early diagnosis of PD and in the study of pathological mechanisms. Future studies will continue to explore the clinical application value of these biomarkers to promote the early detection of PD and individualized treatment strategies.

Objective To explore the prognosis related influencing factors of immunotherapy in the pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)to provide reference for clinical treatment and prog-nosis evaluation of the patients.Methods The clinical data of 132 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving the immunotherapy admitted and treated in the Anqing Medical Center of Anhui Medical University from Oc-tober 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)of the patients were statistically analyzed.The Cox univariate and multivariate models were used to an-alyze the prognosis related influencing factors.Results The median OS time in 132 cases was 20.10 months and the median PFS time was 14.95 months.The results of multi-factor analysis showed that the ECOG score,number of treatment lines and receiving palliative radiotherapy were the independent influencing factors of OS time in the patients with advanced NSCLC(P<0.05).Hemoglobin,C-reactive protein(CRP),ECOG score and number of treatment lines were the independent risk factors of PFS time in the patients with ad-vanced NSCLC(P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with hemoglobin≥110 g/L,CRP<6 mg/L,ECOG score 0-1 point,first line immunotherapy,receiving palliative radiotherapy could obtain the benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pneumonia complicating infectious mononucleosis(IM)in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 198 IM patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to December 2021.Patients were divided into pneumonia group(n=52)and non-pneumonia group(n=146)based on whether pulmonary infection occurred during hospitalization.The baseline data(age,gender,place of onset,etc.),clinical manifestations(maximum body temperature,lymph node enlargement,splenomegaly,etc.),and inflammatory indicators[white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),etc.]were compared between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to analyze the key indicators affecting the hospital stay of IM patients.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults and construct a nomogram prediction model based on the identified risk factors.The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the consistency of the model was assessed using the calibration curve.The fit of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.Additionally,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the model were assessed using confusion matrix.Results Compared with non-pneumonia group,the pneumonia group had a significantly higher proportion of patients from rural areas,with body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,hepatomegaly,fever duration of≥7 d,as well as increased total hospitalization costs and average daily hospitalization costs,and prolonged hospital stay(P<0.05).The proportion of patients with a history of antibiotic use was lower in the pneumonia group(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients from rural areas,with BMI≥24 kg/m2,smoking history,no prophylactic use of antibiotics,fever duration≥7 d,and hepatomegaly had significantly prolonged hospital stays(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in a rural area(OR=4.089,P<0.05),hepatomegaly(OR=4.082,P<0.05),and elevated WBC(OR=1.205,P<0.05)were independent risk factors for pneumonia complicating IM in adults,while the prophylactic use of antibiotics(OR=0.142,P<0.05)was an independent protective factor.The area under the ROC curve of the constructed nomogram prediction model was 0.827(95%CI 0.762-0.892),and the slope of the calibration curve was close to 1,and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed χ2=5.299,P=0.725,indicating good consistency and fit of the prediction model.The results of the confusion matrix assessment showed that the sensitivity of the model was 0.669(0.624-0.773),the specificity was 0.827(0.724-0.930),and the accuracy was 0.732(0.665-0.793).Conclusion The nomogram prediction model based on place of onset,hepatomegaly,the prophylactic use of antibiotics and WBC has excellent fit and discrimination,providing an effective quantitative tool for prognosis assessment of IM.

ObjectiveTo monitor the real-time changes in ammonia concentration in the laboratory animal facility environment before, during, and after the air conditioning system stops supplying air, so as to provide a basis and reference for developing emergency plans for the shutdown of the air conditioning system. MethodsThe laboratory animal facilities of the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products were used as the research object. Ammonia concentration detectors were used to monitor ammonia concentration continuously in the environment of conventional rabbit production facility, SPF hamster production facility, and SPF guinea pig experimental facility before and after the passive shutdown due to repairs and active maintenance shutdown of the air conditioning system, as well as the time for the ammonia concentration to return to daily levels after resuming air supply. ResultsUnder both shutdown modes of the air conditioning system, the trend of ammonia concentration changes in different laboratory animal facilities was consistent, showing a rapid increase after shutdown and a rapid decrease after resuming air supply. Under active maintenance shutdown, the maximum ammonia concentrations in the conventional rabbit production facilities, SPF hamster production facilities, and SPF guinea pig experimental facilities were 9.81 mg/m³, 14.27 mg/m³, and 6.98 mg/m³, respectively. Within 12 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. Under passive long-term shutdown, ammonia concentration value was positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. As the shutdown duration increased, ammonia concentration continued to increase. The maximum ammonia concentration values in the three facilities occurred at 88 minutes (38.06 mg/m³), 40 minutes (18.43 mg/m³), and 34 minutes (15.61 mg/m³) after air supply suspension, respectively.Within 11 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. ConclusionShutdown of the air conditioning system causes a rapid increase in ammonia concentration in laboratory animal facilities, and the rise in ammonia concentration is positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. Therefore, when an emergency shutdown of the air-conditioning system is required due to maintenance or other reasons, backup fans should be provided in accordance with the requirements of GB 50447-2008 "Architectural and Technical Code for Laboratory Animal Facilities". Older facilities should make adequate preparations and develop a scientifically sound emergency plan.

Objective:To explore the safety, effectiveness, and short-term outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for supraglottic laryngeal cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer who underwent TORS at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, and the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University between January 2018 and April 2024. Data on operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, perioperative tracheostomy, nasogastric feeding, complications, and short-term follow-up were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Python.Results:A total of 27 patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer were included from the four centers, including 24 males and 3 females, with a median age of 66 (65, 68) years [ M( Q1, Q3), same below]. There were 26 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma.The TNM staging included T1 in 10 cases (37.04%), T2 in 13 cases (48.15%), and T3 in 4 cases (14.81%); N0 in 14 cases (51.85%), N1 in 7 cases (25.93%), and N2 in 6 cases (22.22%). The Da Vinci Si system was used in 23 cases, and the Da Vinci Xi in 4 cases. The robotic surgical time was 53 (30, 58) min. Concurrent neck dissection was performed in 25 cases, neoadjuvant therapy was given preoperatively in 8 cases (29.63%), and postoperative radiotherapy was administered in 13 cases (48.15%). Tracheostomy was performed in 11 cases (40.74%). Nasogastric tube placement was required in 23 cases (85.19%), with a median duration of 16 (12, 21) days. The postoperative hospital stay was 9.19±4.07 days. The median follow-up time was 12 (3, 30) months. Local recurrence occurred in 2 cases. The 3-year overall survival rate was 100%, and the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 94.1%. Conclusion:With appropriate patient selection, TORS for supraglottic laryngeal cancer demonstrates satisfactory short-term outcomes, thereby offering advantages in safety, efficacy, and minimal invasiveness, which can be considered a new treatment option for this condition.

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and efficacy of plasma exchange artificial liver therapy in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Methods A total of 135 patients with ACLF treated in our hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into two groups based on different treatment methods:plasma exchange artificial liver therapy group(54 cases)and conventional therapy group(81 cases).Patients received different treatment according their liver function and coagulation function.We compared the laboratory test results,clinical efficacy,cytokine levels,and incidence of complications between the two groups of patients.Results The MELD score of patients was significantly higher in the artificial liver treatment group(2 527.96±1 504.21)than in the conventional group(1 854.75±940.23)(P=0.004),and the incidence of diabetes,coronary heart disease and liver cancer in the former group was significantly higher than that in the latter group(P=0.030,0.030).The total serum bilirubin,direct bilirubin,interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),alpha fetoprotein,lymphocyte/monocyte ratio,and direct bilirubin/partial thromboplastin time ratio(PTR)in the artificial liver treatment group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group(P values＜0.001,＜0.001,0.040,0.030,0.040,and 0.006,respetively),while uric acid levels were significantly lower than those in the conventional group(P=0.040).The artificial liver treatment group had significantly lower incidence of infection and ascites during treatment than the conventional group(P=0.010,0.020).After artificial liver treatment,the patients' levels of IL-6,CRP,and alpha fetoprotein were significantly reduced.Conclusion Patients with complex chronic and acute liver failure are more recommended to directly undergo plasma exchange artificial liver treatment,which has definite efficacy and fewer complications.IL-6,CRP and alpha fetoprotein dynamically monitored can be regarded as indicators for efficacy of artificial liver treatment.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To observe the clinical features of cognitive function,neuroendocrine and inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic tension type headache(CTTH)and insomnia.Methods From April 2020 to December 2020,58 patients with CTTH comorbid insomnia in our hospital were selected as the research group,and 58 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Pain severity was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale(VAS),sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and overall cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).The serum cortisol(Cor),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),C-reactive protein(CRP),TNF-α,and IL-6 were measured.Results The VAS and PSQI scores of the research group were significantly higher than those of the control group,while the MoCA score was significantly lower than that of the control group(all P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the serum levels of Cor,ACTH,CRP,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the research group were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).The VAS,PSQI scores,serum Cor,ACTH,CRP,TNF-α,and IL-6 levels of patients with moderate headache in the research group were significantly higher than those of patients with mild headache,while the MoCA score was significantly lower than that of patients with mild headache(all P＜0.05).The VAS and PSQI scores of the research group showed a significant negative correlation with the MoCA score,and significant positive correlation with the levels of serum Cor,ACTH,CRP,TNF-α,and IL-6,the VAS score showed significant positive correlation with PSQI score(all P＜0.05).Conclusion CTTH comorbidity insomnia has a certain degree of cognitive decline,which may be related to neuroendocrine disorders and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines.

Aim To explore the predictive value of stress hyperglycemia ratio(SHR)for in-hospital mortality and mechanical complications in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods This study constituted a retrospective investigation that collected 995 patients diagnosed with acute STEMI at Suining Central Hospital from June 2019 to July 2023.Comparisons of baseline data were conducted using t-test,Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test;Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SHR and the risk of in-hospital mortality and mechanical complications in acute STEMI patients;Restricted cubic spline analysis based on the Logistic re-gression model was utilized to explore non-linear relationship between SHR and the risk of in-hospital mortality and mechan-ical complications;ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SHR;Subgroup analysis was used to assess the predictive efficacy of SHR in each subgroup.Results Patients with high SHR had a significantly higher cardiovas-cular mortality(P=0.007).High SHR was an independent risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality(Model 1:OR=3.085,95％ CI:1.719～5.538,P＜0.001;Model 2:OR=2.738,95％ CI:1.4439～5.132,P=0.002),cardiovascular mortality(Model 1:OR=3.406,95％ CI:1.869～6.228,P＜0.001;Model 2:OR=3.053,95％ CI:1.595～5.817,P＜0.001),ventricular aneurysm(Model 1:OR=3.203,95％CI:1.665～6.069,P＜0.001;Model2:OR=3.93,95％CI:1.785～8.663,P＜0.001),cardiac rupture(Model 1:OR=2.461,95％ CI:1.389～4.312,P=0.002;Model 2:OR=2.302,95％ CI:1.214～4.274,P=0.009)and composite endpoint(Model 1:OR=3.719,95％ CI:2.226～6.332,P＜0.001;Model 2:OR=2.919,95％ CI:1.576～5.405,P＜0.001)in patients with acute STEMI.SHR was positively correlated in a linear relationship with the risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality(P for non-linearity=0.250),cardiovascular mortality(P for non-linearity=0.129),ventricular aneurysm(P for non-linearity=0.588),cardiac rupture(P for non-linearity=0.787)and composite endpoint(P for non-linearity=0.399).The SHR had excellent diagnostic efficacy for in-hospital all-cause mortality(AUC=0.694),cardiovascular mortality(AUC=0.697),ventricular aneurysm(AUC=0.706),cardiac rupture(AUC=0.667)and composite endpoint(AUC=0.730),meanwhile SHR predicted efficacy consistently across subgroups.Conclusions High SHR is an independent risk factor for in-hospital all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality and cardiac mechanical complications in patients with a-cute STEMI.SHR holds significant predictive value for the prognosis of patients with STEMI.