Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical condition in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Despite successful resuscitation, patients continue to have a high mortality rate, largely due to post CA syndrome (PCAS). However, the injury and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCAS remain unclear. Experimental animal models are valuable tools for exploring the etiology, pathogenesis, and potential interventions for CA and PCAS. Current CA animal models include electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF), myocardial infarction, high potassium, asphyxia, and hemorrhagic shock. Although these models do not fully replicate the complexity of clinical CA, the mechanistic insights they provide remain highly relevant, including post-CA brain injury (PCABI), post-CA myocardial dysfunction (PAMD), systemic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), and the persistent precipitating pathology. Summarizing the methods of establishing CA models, the challenges encountered in the modeling process, and the mechanisms of PCAS can provide a foundation for developing standardized CA modeling protocols.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome/physiopathology* ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Ventricular Fibrillation/complications*

Objective To investigate the expression of polybromo 1(PBRM1)in prostate canc-er tissues and its correlation with CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration.Methods A total of 124 prostate-cancer patients were enrolled as observation group,and 80 patients with benign prostate tumors during the same period were selected as control group.Immunohistochemical staining(IHC),real-time fluo-rescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and western blot were used to detect the expression of PBRM1 in the tumor tissues of both groups and the adjacent normal tissues of the obser-vation group(more than 1 cm from the tumor edge).Flow cytometry was employed to detect the infil-tration of CD8+and CD4+T lymphocytes in the tissues.Results The positive expression rate of PBRM1 in the tumor tissues of the observation group was 59.68％,which was significantly lower than 85.00％in the control group and 81.45％in the adjacent normal tissues of the observation group(P＜0.001).The relative expression levels of PBRM1 mRNA and PBRM1 protein,as well as the percentage of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissues of the observation group were all lower than those in the tumor tissues of the control group and the adjacent normal tissues of the obser-vation group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the rel-ative expression level of PBRM1 protein and the percentage of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissues(r=0.856,P＜0.001).In the observation group,patients with tumors having a maxi-mum diameter ≥3 cm,poor differentiation,clinical stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,Gleason score ≥8,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)≥20 ng/mL had significantly lower relative expression levels of PBRM1 protein compared to those with tumors having a maximum diameter＜3 cm,moderate to well differentiation,clinical stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ,Gleason score＜8,and PSA＜20 ng/mL,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Downregulation of PBRM1 expression in prostate cancer tissues may be associated with an increase in tumor malignancy and a decrease in CD8+T lymphocyte infil-tration,thereby enhancing the tumor's immune escape ability.

Objective: To identify biomolecular markers closely related to the occurrence of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and verify their expression levels in clinical samples. Methods: Stage Ⅰ KIRC mRNA sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs)，which then underwent GO and KEGG analyses.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen genes significantly related to KIRC，and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen hub genes.The diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve，and their prognostic value was analyzed using survival curve plots.The correlation between the mRNA expressions of hub genes and the pathological stages of KIRC was analyzed.Clinical samples of 20 patients with stage Ⅰ KIRC treated in our hospital were included，and the expressions of the hub genes in cancerous and adjacent tissues were detected with reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)，Western blotting，and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 8223 DEGs were screened out，including 4092 up-regulated ones and 4131 down-regulated ones.GO analysis showed that DEGs were related to bioadhesion，plasma membrane composition，and transporter activity.KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were related to pathways such as cell adhesion molecules，cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions，and interactions between viral proteins and cytokines and cytokine receptors.WGCNA analysis obtained 171 genes that were significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The hub gene，lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 (LCP2)，screened out by the PPI network，was significantly related to stage Ⅰ KIRC.The area under the ROC curve was 0.96.The expression level was negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients.The expression of LCP2 was related to the stage and lymph node metastasis.Clinical verification showed that the mRNA and protein relative expressions of LCP2 in KIRC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.000 1). Conclusion: LCP2 is significantly up-regulated in stage Ⅰ KIRC tissues and can be used as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.

Objective A preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of the Pipeline embolization device(PED)for the treatment of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm(VADA).Methods Clinical data of 21 patients with VADA treated with PED in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to June 2023 were retrospectively collected,and the surgical approach,perioperative complications,and imaging results were recorded and followed up.Patients'prognosis was assessed by modified Rankin Scale score(mRS),and Kamran grading was used for imaging follow-up.Results Of the 21 patients,17 had unruptured aneurysms and 4 had ruptured aneurysms.A total of 22 PEDs were placed,of which 13 patients underwent PED placement alone and 8 patients underwent PED combined with coil embolization,with a technical success rate of 100% .Three patients with ruptured aneurysms had combined stenosis proximal to the aneurysm,and 1 patient with>50% stenosis received an additional Solitaire stent for in-stent posterior dilatation.Immediate postoperative Kamran grading was grade 1 in 16 patients,grade 2 in 1 patient,and grade 3 in 4 patients.There were 2 perioperative complications,including postoperative aneurysm rupture in 1 patient and severe pulmonary infection in 1 patient who eventually died.At the time of discharge,15 patients had an mRS score of 1,2 patients had a score of 2,1 patient had a score of 3,1 patient had a score of 4,and 2 patient had a score of 6.Eighteen patients were followed up with a median follow-up time of 12.5(6-30)months,of which 13 patients had an mRS score of 0,4 patients had a score of 1,and 1 patient had a score of 2.There were 2 patients with a Kamran grade of 2,4 patients with a grade of 3,and 12 patients with a grade of 4.Conclusion The surgical success rate and safety of VADA treatment with PED is high,but perioperative complications and postoperative care should not be ignored either and a large number of samples are still needed for further study in the future.

【Objective】 To observe the effects of early postnatal immune activation (EPIA) on social behaviors of male and female mice, and to explore the possible role of the functional state of astrocytes and microglia in this process. 【Methods】 Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced EPIA mice as study subjects, mice were divided into the male-control, male-model, female-control, and female-model groups, each containing 10 mice (n=10). Behavioral tests were performed at 25 - 32 days of age, and the social behavior ability of mice was evaluated by open field test, three-chamber sociability test, and marble burying test. The expression levels of GFAP, IBA-1, TLR4, and NFκB p65 in the cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot (n=3). 【Results】 In behavioral tests, social index significantly decreased in LPS treatment group (F=14.907, P<0.05). The interaction effect between treatment and sex was significant in the residence time (F=5.260, P<0.05) and the number of buried marbles (F=7.788, P<0.05). LPS treatment decreased the retention time of the central region in male mice (F=4.261, P<0.05), and increased the number of buried marbles in males (F=20.645, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that LPS treatment increased the expression of GFAP protein in the hippocampus (F=50.443, P<0.05) and cortex (F=30.116, P<0.05), as well as the expression of IBA-1 protein (F=21.844. P<0.05) and TLR4 protein (F=6.215, P<0.05) in the cortex. The results of NFκB p65 showed a significant interaction between treatment and sex in the cortex (F=6.558, P<0.05), and LPS increased the expression of NFκB p65 protein in the cortex in female mice (F=16.317, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 EPIA is sufficient to induce sex-specific autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavior and enhance astroglial and microglial reactivity in mice. ASD-like behavior induced by EPIA may be related to the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway in the cortex.

AIM: To observe the safety and effect of cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation surgery in patients with abnormal morphology of corneal endothelium.

METHODS: We collected 72(90 eyes)age related cataract patients with abnormal morphology of corneal endothelium and 120(158 eyes)patients with normal morphology of corneal endothelium from January 2018 to January 2020 in our hospital. All of them measured corneal endothelial cell density(CD)>2 000cell/mm² and underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation. CD, coefficient of variation(CV), frequency of hexagonal cells(HEX), central corneal thickness(CT)were recorded at 1wk, 1, 3mo postoperatively and compared in each group.

RESULTS:There were significant differences in endothelial CD, CV, HEX and CT between the two groups 1wk and 1mo postoperative, while there were significant differences in CD and HEX between the two groups after 3mo, but there were no significant differences in CV and CT.

CONCLUSION: Endothelial damage after phacoemulsification in abnormal morphology of corneal endothelium group is comparable to that in control group, and we should pay more attention to the examination of corneal endothelium, especially the corneal endothelial cells morphology before operation and protect it during operation.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular recanalization in the treatment of chronically occluded internal carotid artery (COICA).Methods:From January 2014 to January 2019, patients over 50 years of age with symptomatic COICA underwent endovascular recanalization in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the improvement of neurological function.Results:A total of 19 patients with symptomatic COICA were enrolled, of which 16 (84.21%) were successfully recanalized. None of the patients had severe neurological deficits during the periprocedural period and after procedure. The neurological function of patients with successful recanalization gradually improved over time. The neurological function improved in 4 patients (25.0%) at 24 h after endovascular treatment and 9 (56.3%) at 18 months postprocedural follow-up. The follow-up of CT angiography showed that the internal carotid artery in patients with successful recanalization was unobstructed, and there was no obvious in-stent stenosis.Conclusion:Endovascular recanalization is feasible, safe and effective in patients with symptomatic COICA.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum cystatin C (CysC), blood lipids and the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture.Methods:Patients with saccular IA admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were divided into the ruptured group and the unruptured group. The correlation between CysC, lipids and IA rupture was identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results:A total of 392 patients were enrolled, including 143 (36.5%) males and 249 (63.5%) females. Two hundred and seventy-eight patients (70.9%) were ruptured IAs, 114 (29.1%) were unruptured IAs. Univariate analysis showed that triglyceride (1.26±0.94 mmol/L vs. 2.12±1.45 mmol/L; t=5.872, P<0.001), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ (0.95±0.29 g/L vs. 1.08±0.34 g/L; t=3.744, P<0.001 ), CysC (0.63±0.20 mg/L vs. 0.80±0.48 mg/L; t=3.650, P<0.001) level, and the proportions of hypertension (46.8% vs. 61.4%; χ2=6.938, P=0.008), hyperlipidemia (19.4% vs. 48.2%; χ2=32.493, P<0.001) and aneurysm diameter >7 mm (24.4% vs. 41.2%; χ2=11.504, P<0.001) of the ruptured group were significantly lower than those of the unruptured group, while the level of apolipoprotein B was significantly higher than that of the unruptured group (1.07±0.29 g/L vs. 0.99±0.30 g/L; t=2.417, P=0.016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aneurysm diameter ≤7 mm (odds ratio [ OR] 2.281, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.342-3.876; P=0.002), and the serum levels of triacylglycerol ( OR 0.484, 95% CI 0.333-0.705; P<0.001), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ ( OR 0.248, 95% CI 0.105-0.587; P=0.002) and CysC ( OR 0.130, 95% CI 0.038-0.444; P=0.001) were significantly independently correlated with the risk of IA rupture. Conclusions:CysC, apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ and triacylglycerol are protective markers for IA rupture, and aneurysm diameter ≤7 mmis associated with IA rupture.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 40 patients were admitted to our treatment group in Shanghai Pulmonary hospital in October who accepted pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery.All the clinic statistics of patients were collected including operative time,the volume of blood intra-operation,postoperative complications and hospitalization time.23 of 40 patients who accepted lobectomy/segmentectomy with pneumatic arm assisted single surgeon uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the observation group,while another 30 concurrent patients who accepted lobectomy/segrnentectomy with conventional uniportal thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to the control group.Both groups were compared.Results The average postoperative hospitalization time of observation group was(4.6 ± 1.3) days.The average time for postoperative drainage tube retention was(46.7 ± 18.6) hours.The average operation time of patients in observation and control groups was(121.74 ± 25.16) min and (119.7 ± 14.26) min separately.The volume of blood intra-operation in observation group was(91.74 ± 32.88)ml and(89.00 ± 41.22) ml in control group.There is no significant difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The field of view and adjustment of camera in uniportal thoracoscopic surgery by single surgeon with pneumatic arm assistance are more accurate and steady,in which human resource can be saved.It is safe and reliable and does not prolong operative time or increase bleeding during operation,and can be applied to different kinds of diseases in thoracic surgery.It is worth promotion and application in eligible hospitals and medical institutions.

We investigated the endemic situation of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Nileke County,Yili Prefecture,Xinjiang and its genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis.Human AE cases in the county were retrospectively investigated including their location and surrounding ecological conditions.Sequence detection and analysis of nad2,cob gene fragments of AE mtDNA from patients was used to identify genotype variation.Results showed that a total of 48 AE cases were diagnosed and the first AE patient was identified in 1989 in the county.The 45.8％ of AE cases were found in the recent 5 years (2011-2015) and annual prevalence was 1.7 per 100 000.The patients were distributed along the Kashgar River,particularly intensive in Wulasitai Township.The 38.6％ of the patients were aged arranged 35-44 years old,64.6％ were male and 95.8％ were farmers and herdsmen.AE cases were confirmed further and there was only one haplotype by sequencing analysis from 11 AE clinical patients in the county.It suggests that Nileke County is AE foci,and alveolar echinococcosis with sequences conserved is an emerging disease in the county.