Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease caused by autoim-mune diseases.Intermittent fasting(IF)is a dietary pattern with periodic energy limitation.Studies have shown that IF can delay the occurrence and development of MS and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE).Its mechanism of action includes repairing nerve damage,promoting myelin regeneration,regulating gut microbiota,and reversing immune inflammation.The use of IF can re-duce the severity,recurrence time,and lesion size of MS patients clinically,which brings new ideas for the treatment and prevention of MS.This article provides a review of the effects and mechanisms of IF in treating MS,with the aim of gaining new insights into the treatment of MS and providing reference for the application of IF in the treatment of MS patients.

Objective:To construct a competency-oriented assessment index system based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for 5-year undergraduate clinical medical students in oncology internship.Methods:From June to December 2023, the scoping review approach and Bicomb 2.0 were used to construct and manage an item pool. The draft of EPAs and competencies was designed based on truncated word frequency. SPSS 25.0 was used for cluster analysis and UCINET 6.0 was used for visualization. Combining the characteristics and consensus of oncology, a multi-center expert group used the KJ method to draft the framework of EPAs and competencies. Subsequently, the expert group defined milestones and mapped the milestones to the framework to establish the assessment system.Results:Based on 26 included studies, a draft was created containing 19 EPA indicators and 72 competency characteristic indicators. After cluster analysis, 13 experts from 6 medical institutions established a framework including 13 EPAs and 10 competencies as well as 50 milestones, leading to the construction of the "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system.Conclusions:The "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system aligns with the trend of reform, demonstrating universality, specificity, and scientificity. It provides a reference for the development and assessment of oncology internship courses in medical universities.

Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent disease in women of childbearing age,often leading to chronic pelvic pain,infertility,ovarian cancer,and other serious complications,and jeopardizing the health of women.The pathogenesis of endometriosis is complex and involves the alteration of multiple signaling pathways mediated by hormones,immunity,genetics,and the environment,and their interactions.Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis,and it has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via multiple pathways.This review considers the biological characteristics of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and summarizes the main mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis,as well as the curr-ent research status of the regulation of this signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of endometriosis.We aim to clarify how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects the development of endometriosis,and suggest that future studies should focus on exploring its potential role as an indicator for the clinical prediction and early diagnosis of endometriosis,thus providing theoretical support for the early diagnosis of this condition and the development of targeted drugs.

Objective:To construct a competency-oriented assessment index system based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for 5-year undergraduate clinical medical students in oncology internship.Methods:From June to December 2023, the scoping review approach and Bicomb 2.0 were used to construct and manage an item pool. The draft of EPAs and competencies was designed based on truncated word frequency. SPSS 25.0 was used for cluster analysis and UCINET 6.0 was used for visualization. Combining the characteristics and consensus of oncology, a multi-center expert group used the KJ method to draft the framework of EPAs and competencies. Subsequently, the expert group defined milestones and mapped the milestones to the framework to establish the assessment system.Results:Based on 26 included studies, a draft was created containing 19 EPA indicators and 72 competency characteristic indicators. After cluster analysis, 13 experts from 6 medical institutions established a framework including 13 EPAs and 10 competencies as well as 50 milestones, leading to the construction of the "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system.Conclusions:The "EPAs-competencies-milestones" assessment system aligns with the trend of reform, demonstrating universality, specificity, and scientificity. It provides a reference for the development and assessment of oncology internship courses in medical universities.

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease caused by autoim-mune diseases.Intermittent fasting(IF)is a dietary pattern with periodic energy limitation.Studies have shown that IF can delay the occurrence and development of MS and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE).Its mechanism of action includes repairing nerve damage,promoting myelin regeneration,regulating gut microbiota,and reversing immune inflammation.The use of IF can re-duce the severity,recurrence time,and lesion size of MS patients clinically,which brings new ideas for the treatment and prevention of MS.This article provides a review of the effects and mechanisms of IF in treating MS,with the aim of gaining new insights into the treatment of MS and providing reference for the application of IF in the treatment of MS patients.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of gut flora related to dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease and to explore their influencing factors.Methods Based on the results of epidemiological investigation of damp syndrome in at-risk population of cerebrovascular disease in Guangdong from October 2021 to February 2023,60 subjects(including 41 at-risk cases of cerebrovascular disease and 19 healthy controls)were included in the study.The identification of dampness syndrome and the risk rating of stroke were carried out for the subjects,and fecal samples were collected.High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of gut flora.Results(1)A total of 53 cases(88.33％)were identified as dampness syndrome.There was significant difference in the quantitative score of dampness syndrome between the risk group and the healthy group,and between the low-,medium-and high-risk groups(P=0.016;P=0.041).(2)There was no statistical difference in the species and abundance of gut flora between the dampness syndrome group and the non-dampness syndrome group.(3)In the population identified as dampness syndrome,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity between the healthy group and the risk group,but there was significant difference in Beta diversity analysis;LEfSe analysis found that Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched in the risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were related to the three risk factors of diabetes,dyslipidemia and obesity and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT).(4)In the population identified as dampness syndrome and having the risk of cerebrovascular disease,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity among three groups with different levels of risks,while significant difference in Beta diversity was observed;LEfSe analysis showed that Acidaminococcaceae,Phascolarctobacterium and Butyricimonas were enriched in the low-risk group,Veillonellaceae was enriched in the medium-risk group,and Ruminococcus 2 and Alloprevotella were enriched in the high-risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),white blood cell count(WBC),and neutrophil count(NEUT).Conclusion In the Guangdong population predominated by dampness syndrome,the severity of dampness syndrome is related to the risk of stroke,and the specific flora associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis,inflammatory response and lipid metabolism are presented.