Insomnia is often comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.Identifying biomarkers for this comorbidity is crucial for precise diagnosis,elucidating the underlying pathological mechanisms,and developing personalized treatment strategies.Current research has preliminarily revealed a series of potential biomarkers for insomnia comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.Elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory factors(e.g.,interleukin-6),and decreased peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and monoamine neurotransmitters(e.g.,5-hydroxytryptamine)may indicate the presence of a comorbid state.However,studies focusing on this comorbidity remain relatively limited.In the future,it will be necessary to systematically explore and verify the clinical application value of potential biomarkers through measures such as expanding sample size,strengthening longitudinal design,and expanding the categories of biomarkers.This will provide a more solid theoretical foundation for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.

Objective To investigate effects of Cordyceps sinensis(CS)on high glucose(HG)induced podocyte injury by regulating the adenylate activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.Methods Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into the normal glucose(NG)group,the HG group,the HG+CS group,the HG+CS+autophagy inhibitor(HG+CS+3MA)group and the HG+CS+AMPK inhibitor(HG+CS+Compound C)group.Podocyte viability was detected by CCK-8 method.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of podocyte marker proteins podocin and nephrin,autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and P62,and pathway related proteins p-AMPK and p-mTOR.Results Compared with the NG group,the cell viability of podocytes decreased,the expression levels of podocin,nephrin,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were decreased,and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were increased in the HG group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,the cell viability of podocytes was increased,the expression levels of podocin,nephrin,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were decreased in the HG+CS group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the cell viability decreased in the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group showed decreased expression levels of podocin,nephrin and Beclin-1 protein,and increased expression of P62 protein(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the expression of p-AMPK protein decreased and the expression of p-mTOR protein increased in the HG+CS+Compound C group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy by up-regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to induce podocyte autophagy,alleviate high glucose induced podocyte injury and apoptosis.

Objective:To sinicize the English version of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptom severity scale (RBDSSS) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of RBDSSS (RBDSSS-C) among Chinese patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).Methods:RBDSSS-C was ultimately formed through translation, back translation and revision according to the Brislin's translation model, including patient version (RBDSSS-PT) and bedpartner version (RBDSSS-BP). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 RBD patients to test the reliability and validity of the RBDSSS-C, using Cronbach’s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Spearman correlation analysis, content validity index and factor analysis. The correlation between RBDSSS-C and RBDQ-HK was examined.Results:For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT, the Cronbach’s α was 0.795, the split-half reliability was 0.756, and the test-retest reliability was 0.940. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.937.For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-BP, the Cronbach’s α was 0.712, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and test-retest reliability was 0.950, with both I-CVI and S-CVI at 1.000.The scores of Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP were both significantly correlated with RBDQ-HK scores ( r=0.638, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-PT; r=0.639, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-BP). Factor analysis confirmed both single-factor structure for RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP.RBDSSS-PT showed χ2/ df=3.930, CFI=0.954, TLI=0.937, and RMSEA=0.093; RBDSSS-BP showed χ2/ df=8.300, CFI=0.975, TLI=0.966, and RMSEA=0.079. These results indicated adequate model fit. Conclusion:RBDSSS-C has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable and effective tool to evaluate the severity of symptoms in Chinese RBD patients.

Objective To investigate the association between the TyG index,its modified variants,and the risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods This study included a total of 93,177 participants from the 2006 Kailuan Group health examination cohort.Participants were categorized into four quartiles(Q1-Q4)according to their TyG and modified TyG indices.Follow-up began at the baseline examination,with incident CRC as the primary outcome.Participants were censored at the time of CRC diagnosis,death,or the end of the study,whichever occurred first.The dose-response relationship between TyG and its modified indices and the risk of CRC was evalu-ated using restricted cubic splines(RCS)in conjunction with Cox proportional hazards regression models,yielding hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).To compare the strength of associations between TyG and its modified versions(TyG-BMI,TyG-WC,TyG-WHR,TyG-WHtR,TyG-WWI)and CRC risk,HRs for CRC per one standard deviation increase in each index were calculated and compared.Results Both the TyG index and its modified variants demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship with the risk of CRC incidence.Specifically,for the TyG index,each 1-standard deviation(SD)increase was associated with a 1.17-fold(95%CI:1.09～1.27)higher risk of CRC.Compared with the first quartile(Q1),the third quartile(Q3)and fourth quartile(Q4)exhibited a 1.25-fold(95%CI:1.01～1.55)and 1.26-fold(95%CI:1.01～1.57)increased risk,respectively.For TyG-BMI,each 1-SD increase was linked to a 1.20-fold(95%CI:1.07～1.35)elevated CRC risk.Compared with Q1,Q3 and Q4 showed a 1.32-fold(95%CI:1.06～1.64)and 1.51-fold(95%CI:1.21～1.88)increase,respectively.Regarding TyG-WC,each 1-SD increment was associated with a 1.22-fold(95%CI:1.13～1.32)higher CRC risk,with Q3 and Q4 showing a 1.35-fold(95%CI:1.08～1.70)and 1.56-fold(95%CI:1.24～1.96)increased risk compared to Q1.For TyG-WHtR,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.24-fold(95%CI:1.08-1.42)higher CRC risk.Compared with Q1,Q2,Q3,and Q4 demonstrated a 1.31-fold(95%CI:1.03～1.66),1.55-fold(95%CI:1.23～1.95),and 1.60-fold(95%CI:1.27～2.02)increase,respectively.In the case of TyG-WHR,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.19-fold(95%CI:1.10～1.29)higher CRC risk,with Q4 showing a 1.42-fold(95%CI:1.14～1.77)increased risk compared to Q1.Finally,for TyG-WWI,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.22-fold(95%CI:1.13～1.32)elevated CRC risk,with both Q3 and Q4 showing a 1.58-fold increase(Q3:95%CI:1.26～1.98;Q4:95%CI:1.25～1.99).Stratified analyses by sex and age consistently revealed significant associations between the TyG index and its modified variants and CRC risk.Furthermore,these indices were independently associated with the incidence of both colon cancer and rectal cancer.Conclusions(1)Elevated levels of the TyG index and its modified variants are independent risk factors for CRC.(2)Both the TyG index and its modified forms demonstrate a significant dose-response association with the incidence of CRC.(3)Among the modified TyG indices,TyG-WWI,TyG-WHtR,TyG-BMI,TyG-WC,and TyG-WHR showed stronger correlations with CRC risk compared to the original TyG index.

Objective:To sinicize the English version of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptom severity scale (RBDSSS) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of RBDSSS (RBDSSS-C) among Chinese patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).Methods:RBDSSS-C was ultimately formed through translation, back translation and revision according to the Brislin's translation model, including patient version (RBDSSS-PT) and bedpartner version (RBDSSS-BP). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 RBD patients to test the reliability and validity of the RBDSSS-C, using Cronbach’s α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, Spearman correlation analysis, content validity index and factor analysis. The correlation between RBDSSS-C and RBDQ-HK was examined.Results:For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT, the Cronbach’s α was 0.795, the split-half reliability was 0.756, and the test-retest reliability was 0.940. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.937.For the Chinese version of RBDSSS-BP, the Cronbach’s α was 0.712, the split-half reliability was 0.813, and test-retest reliability was 0.950, with both I-CVI and S-CVI at 1.000.The scores of Chinese version of RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP were both significantly correlated with RBDQ-HK scores ( r=0.638, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-PT; r=0.639, P<0.001 for RBDSSS-BP). Factor analysis confirmed both single-factor structure for RBDSSS-PT and RBDSSS-BP.RBDSSS-PT showed χ2/ df=3.930, CFI=0.954, TLI=0.937, and RMSEA=0.093; RBDSSS-BP showed χ2/ df=8.300, CFI=0.975, TLI=0.966, and RMSEA=0.079. These results indicated adequate model fit. Conclusion:RBDSSS-C has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable and effective tool to evaluate the severity of symptoms in Chinese RBD patients.

Objective To investigate the association between the TyG index,its modified variants,and the risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods This study included a total of 93,177 participants from the 2006 Kailuan Group health examination cohort.Participants were categorized into four quartiles(Q1-Q4)according to their TyG and modified TyG indices.Follow-up began at the baseline examination,with incident CRC as the primary outcome.Participants were censored at the time of CRC diagnosis,death,or the end of the study,whichever occurred first.The dose-response relationship between TyG and its modified indices and the risk of CRC was evalu-ated using restricted cubic splines(RCS)in conjunction with Cox proportional hazards regression models,yielding hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).To compare the strength of associations between TyG and its modified versions(TyG-BMI,TyG-WC,TyG-WHR,TyG-WHtR,TyG-WWI)and CRC risk,HRs for CRC per one standard deviation increase in each index were calculated and compared.Results Both the TyG index and its modified variants demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship with the risk of CRC incidence.Specifically,for the TyG index,each 1-standard deviation(SD)increase was associated with a 1.17-fold(95%CI:1.09～1.27)higher risk of CRC.Compared with the first quartile(Q1),the third quartile(Q3)and fourth quartile(Q4)exhibited a 1.25-fold(95%CI:1.01～1.55)and 1.26-fold(95%CI:1.01～1.57)increased risk,respectively.For TyG-BMI,each 1-SD increase was linked to a 1.20-fold(95%CI:1.07～1.35)elevated CRC risk.Compared with Q1,Q3 and Q4 showed a 1.32-fold(95%CI:1.06～1.64)and 1.51-fold(95%CI:1.21～1.88)increase,respectively.Regarding TyG-WC,each 1-SD increment was associated with a 1.22-fold(95%CI:1.13～1.32)higher CRC risk,with Q3 and Q4 showing a 1.35-fold(95%CI:1.08～1.70)and 1.56-fold(95%CI:1.24～1.96)increased risk compared to Q1.For TyG-WHtR,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.24-fold(95%CI:1.08-1.42)higher CRC risk.Compared with Q1,Q2,Q3,and Q4 demonstrated a 1.31-fold(95%CI:1.03～1.66),1.55-fold(95%CI:1.23～1.95),and 1.60-fold(95%CI:1.27～2.02)increase,respectively.In the case of TyG-WHR,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.19-fold(95%CI:1.10～1.29)higher CRC risk,with Q4 showing a 1.42-fold(95%CI:1.14～1.77)increased risk compared to Q1.Finally,for TyG-WWI,each 1-SD increase was associated with a 1.22-fold(95%CI:1.13～1.32)elevated CRC risk,with both Q3 and Q4 showing a 1.58-fold increase(Q3:95%CI:1.26～1.98;Q4:95%CI:1.25～1.99).Stratified analyses by sex and age consistently revealed significant associations between the TyG index and its modified variants and CRC risk.Furthermore,these indices were independently associated with the incidence of both colon cancer and rectal cancer.Conclusions(1)Elevated levels of the TyG index and its modified variants are independent risk factors for CRC.(2)Both the TyG index and its modified forms demonstrate a significant dose-response association with the incidence of CRC.(3)Among the modified TyG indices,TyG-WWI,TyG-WHtR,TyG-BMI,TyG-WC,and TyG-WHR showed stronger correlations with CRC risk compared to the original TyG index.

Insomnia is often comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.Identifying biomarkers for this comorbidity is crucial for precise diagnosis,elucidating the underlying pathological mechanisms,and developing personalized treatment strategies.Current research has preliminarily revealed a series of potential biomarkers for insomnia comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.Elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory factors(e.g.,interleukin-6),and decreased peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and monoamine neurotransmitters(e.g.,5-hydroxytryptamine)may indicate the presence of a comorbid state.However,studies focusing on this comorbidity remain relatively limited.In the future,it will be necessary to systematically explore and verify the clinical application value of potential biomarkers through measures such as expanding sample size,strengthening longitudinal design,and expanding the categories of biomarkers.This will provide a more solid theoretical foundation for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia comorbid with anxiety and/or depression.

Objective To investigate effects of Cordyceps sinensis(CS)on high glucose(HG)induced podocyte injury by regulating the adenylate activated protein kinase(AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway.Methods Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into the normal glucose(NG)group,the HG group,the HG+CS group,the HG+CS+autophagy inhibitor(HG+CS+3MA)group and the HG+CS+AMPK inhibitor(HG+CS+Compound C)group.Podocyte viability was detected by CCK-8 method.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of podocyte marker proteins podocin and nephrin,autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and P62,and pathway related proteins p-AMPK and p-mTOR.Results Compared with the NG group,the cell viability of podocytes decreased,the expression levels of podocin,nephrin,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were decreased,and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were increased in the HG group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,the cell viability of podocytes was increased,the expression levels of podocin,nephrin,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK protein were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of P62 and p-mTOR protein were decreased in the HG+CS group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the cell viability decreased in the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the HG+CS+3MA group and the HG+CS+Compound C group showed decreased expression levels of podocin,nephrin and Beclin-1 protein,and increased expression of P62 protein(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CS group,the expression of p-AMPK protein decreased and the expression of p-mTOR protein increased in the HG+CS+Compound C group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis may play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy by up-regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to induce podocyte autophagy,alleviate high glucose induced podocyte injury and apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the hygienic status of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places in urban areas of Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of supervision and management interventions. Methods: A total of 15 public places with the central air conditioner ventilation system were randomly sampled from main urban areas in Ma'anshan City in 2022. Sampling and detection were performed following the standard GB/T 18204.5—2013 Examination methods for public places Part 5: Central air conditioning ventilation system, including total number of bacteria and total number of fungus on the inner surface of wind pipes, total number of bacteria and fungus, particulate matter (PM10) and β-hemolytic streptococci in the air supply system, and Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water, and the detection indicators were assessed following the WS 394—2012 Guideline for hygiene of the central air conditioner ventilation system in public places. The eligible rate of samples, the detection rate of L. pneumophila were analyzed. Results: A total of 368 samples were collected from 15 public places, and the qualified rate was 50.54%, no places had all eligible measurement indicators. The qualified rates of total bacteria and fungus numbers on the inner surface of wind pipes were 52.67% and 59.33%. The qualified rates of total bacterium number, total fungus number, PM10 and β-hemolytic streptococci were 12.00%, 28.00%, 90.00% and 96.00% in the air supply system. The qualified rates of samples in administrative workplaces, hotels, bathing places and malls (supermarkets) were 32.50%, 59.24%, 61.09% and 68.92%, the qualified rates of total bacteria on the inner surface of air ducts were 8.33%, 72.46%, 66.67% and 61.90%, and the qualified rates of total fungus numbers in air supply were 0, 21.70%, 33.30% and 71.40%, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). A total of 18 cooling water samples were collected, and L. pneumophila was detected in three samples (16.67%). Conclusions Poor hygiene is seen in the central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in main urban areas of Ma'anshan City. High attention needs to be paid to contamination of bacterium, fungus and L. pneumophila, and expansion of supervision coverage and improved supervision intensity are recommended.

Objective To clarify the anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflamma-tion in macrophage RAW264.7,and to reveal its possible molecular mechanism.Methods The cellular activity of RAW264.7 after the intervention of different concentrations of chlorogenic acid was detected by CCK-8 method;the macrophage RAW264.7 was stimulated by LPS to preset cellular inflammatory state.The blank control group(K group,n=3),the model control group(L group,n=3),and the experimental group(S group,n=3)were administered separately,and the cell morphology was dynamically observed;cell precipita-tion and supernatants were obtained at 24 h and 48h,respectively.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and arginase-1(Arg-1)in the cell supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);the mRNA expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),high mobility histone 1(HMGB1),and nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR).Results RAW264.7 cellular inflammatory state was successfully preset with 1 μg/ml LPS;12.5～200.0μg/ml chlorogenic acid had no distinct toxicity on RAW264.7.Chlorogenic acid at 50μg/ml and 200μg/ml had obvious proliferation effects on RAW264.7 cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the model control group,the content of IL-1 β protein in the supernatant of the experimental group was significantly decreased,while the content of Arg-1 was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model control group,50μg/ml of chlorogenic acid significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of NF-κB,TGF-β1,PTGS2,and HMGB1 in LPS-induced inflammatory cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chlorogenic acid has a distinct inhibitory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory response,which may be achieved by regulating molecular expression of the HMGB1-mediated NF-κB pathway.