Objective:To analyze the prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide basis for consolidating the results of Kaschin-Beck disease prevention and control and the treatment of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.Methods:The epidemiological investigation of data and clinical data Kaschin-Beck disease from 1954 to 2022 were collected from the Fu County Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and People's Hospital of Fu County in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The retrospective study was used to investigate the prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County through the adoption of comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement, conversion of farmland to forest and so on.Results:In 1954, there were 6 endemic townships and 127 endemic villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, with a total population of 78 781. A total of 16 327 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 20.72%, including 5 434 patients without clinical symptoms. There were 5 850 patients with clinical grade Ⅰ, 3 725 patients with clinical grade Ⅱ and 1 318 patients with clinical grade Ⅲ. In 1975, the first general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in the whole county, with a total population of 101 341. A total of 9 575 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 9.45%, including 3 247 cases without clinical symptoms. Among the patients with symptoms, there were 3 704 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 2 006 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 618 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ. The patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were mainly local residents, accounting for 93.92% (8 993/9 575). In 1997, 27 320 students aged 7 to 16 years in 342 schools of 15 townships were examined and found that there were 169 cases without clinical symptoms with X-ray changes, only 2 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, and the detection rate decreased to 0.63%. In 1997, Fu County began to encourage relocation and grain exchange to prevent Kaschin-Beck disease. The relocation targets were mainly the seriously ill villages with new cases among children and poor living conditions. By 1999, a total of 100 households and 469 people were relocated, and by 2020, 1 569 households and 5 334 people were relocated. In 1997 and 1998, measures were taken to improve water quality in 43 natural villages in 6 townships, with 1 591 households and 7 375 people benefiting. In 2010, a general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in 15 townships of Fu County, with a total population of 135 858, and 3 424 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 2.52%. There were 2 885 cases with clinical symptoms, including 1 584 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, 1 024 cases with clinical grade Ⅱ and 277 cases with clinical grade Ⅲ. Among them, 32 561 minors under 16 years old were examined, and 49 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 0.15%, and all of them were clinical gradeⅠ patients. In 2014, a total of 73 600 people were surveyed in 170 endemic villages of Fu county, and 2 885 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 3.92%. Compared with 2010, the number of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease increased zero, and there were no underage patients under the age of 16 for 4 consecutive years. By the end of 2016, 666.67 hm 2 of farmland had been converted to forest in Fu County, involving 9 townships (including communities), 33 administrative villages and 1 993 households. In 2018, another general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in Fu County, with a total population of 157 362. A total of 2 308 patients were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 1.47%. Among them, there were 1 270 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 870 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 168 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ, and there were no patients with Kaschin-Beck disease under 16 years old in the county for 8 consecutive years (2011-2018). In the same year, 22 cases of Kaschin-Beck disease joint replacement were completed in Fu County, and by January 2022, about 60 cases had completed joint replacement. Conclusion:The prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County has achieved remarkable results through comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement and conversion of farmland to forest.

Chromatin accessibility is a highly informative structural feature for understanding gene transcription regulation,because it indicates the degree to which nuclear macromolecules such as proteins and RNAs can access chromosomal DNA.Studies have shown that chromatin accessibility is highly dynamic during stress response,stimulus response,and developmental transition.More-over,physical access to chromosomal DNA in eukaryotes is highly cell-specific.Therefore,current technologies such as DNase-seq,ATAC-seq,and FAIRE-seq reveal only a portion of the open chro-matin regions(OCRs)present in a given species.Thus,the genome-wide distribution of OCRs remains unknown.In this study,we developed a bioinformatics tool called CharPlant for the de novo prediction of OCRs in plant genomes.To develop this tool,we constructed a three-layer con-volutional neural network(CNN)and subsequently trained the CNN using DNase-seq and ATAC-seq datasets of four plant species.The model simultaneously learns the sequence motifs and regu-latory logics,which are jointly used to determine DNA accessibility.All of these steps are integrated into CharPlant,which can be run using a simple command line.The results of data analysis using CharPlant in this study demonstrate its prediction power and computational efficiency.To our knowledge,CharPlant is the first de novo prediction tool that can identify potential OCRs in the whole genome.The source code of CharPlant and supporting files are freely available from https://github.com/Yin-Shen/CharPlant.

Objective:To analyze the performance of clinical theoretical examination of the five year clinical medical students in a medical school, and to explore the existing problems and direction involving in the medical education.Methods:The difficulty coefficient and degree of discrimination were used to analyze the quality of this test, and F test and LSD- t test were conducted with SPSS 24.0 to analyze the mastery rate of various modules and secondary disciplines including basic medicine, medical humanities, clinical medicine and preventive medicine. Results:The overall difficulty coefficient of the test was 0.74, and the degree of discrimination was 0.37. The coefficient of difficulty of each module is more than 0.70, and the degree of discrimination is about 0.40. The mastery rates of each module were all greater than 70%, with clinical medicine being the highest and medical humanities and basic medicine being the lowest, and the mastery rate of each secondary discipline was more than 60%, with a significant difference.Conclusion:This exam is sample, the degree of discrimination is good, and the overall knowledge is well mastered. However, it is still necessary to innovate education reform and improve the teaching quality based on weak points.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy(PPPD) in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma by using Meta-analysis.

METHODSFrom January 1, 1980 to November 8, 2013, the articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about PPPD versus PD in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma were collected from Cochrane Libriary, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of science and CBM etc. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane system review valuator handbook of risk of bias standards. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2 software.

RESULTSSeven RCTs were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Compared to PD group, PPPD group was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss (MD=-200.10, 95% CI:-400.66 to 0.46, P=0.05), shorter operation time (MD=-46.55, 95% CI:-91.02 to -2.07, P=0.04), and less postoperative blood transfusion (MD=-0.89, 95% CI:-1.59 to -0.19, P=0.01). There were no significant differences between the PPPD and PD group in pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, intestinal fistula, abdominal abscess, postoperative bleeding, wound infection, relaparotomy, mortality and survival rate(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPPPD in the treatment of the periampullary adenocarcinoma is safe and effective with similar survival of PD surgery. PPPD can reduce operative time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion and does not increase the surgery complications as compared to PD.

Adenocarcinoma ; Ampulla of Vater ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; Operative Time ; Pancreatic Fistula ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pylorus ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Survival Rate

This article introduces the details in technology transfer in the Johns Hopkins University (JHU),such as the scope of intellectual property,disciplines and the transfer domains,procedures,items,human resources,faculties motivation measures,categories of license.We also tried to find common contents in its technology transfer works and hoped to provide information to help on the medical science transfer in China.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PPPD) in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma by using Meta-analysis. Methods From January 1, 1980 to November 8, 2013, the articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about PPPD versus PD in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma were collected from Cochrane Libriary, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of science and CBM etc. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane system review valuator handbook of risk of bias standards. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2 software. Results Seven RCTs were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Compared to PD group, PPPD group was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss (MD=-200.10, 95% CI:-400.66 to 0.46, P=0.05), shorter operation time (MD=-46.55, 95%CI:-91.02 to -2.07, P=0.04), and less postoperative blood transfusion (MD=-0.89, 95% CI:-1.59 to -0.19, P=0.01). There were no significant differences between the PPPD and PD group in pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, intestinal fistula, abdominal abscess, postoperative bleeding, wound infection, relaparotomy, mortality and survival rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions PPPD in the treatment of the periampullary adenocarcinoma is safe and effective with similar survival of PD surgery. PPPD can reduce operative time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion and does not increase the surgery complications as compared to PD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PPPD) in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma by using Meta-analysis. Methods From January 1, 1980 to November 8, 2013, the articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about PPPD versus PD in the treatment of periampullary adenocarcinoma were collected from Cochrane Libriary, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of science and CBM etc. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane system review valuator handbook of risk of bias standards. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2 software. Results Seven RCTs were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Compared to PD group, PPPD group was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss (MD=-200.10, 95% CI:-400.66 to 0.46, P=0.05), shorter operation time (MD=-46.55, 95%CI:-91.02 to -2.07, P=0.04), and less postoperative blood transfusion (MD=-0.89, 95% CI:-1.59 to -0.19, P=0.01). There were no significant differences between the PPPD and PD group in pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula, intestinal fistula, abdominal abscess, postoperative bleeding, wound infection, relaparotomy, mortality and survival rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions PPPD in the treatment of the periampullary adenocarcinoma is safe and effective with similar survival of PD surgery. PPPD can reduce operative time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion and does not increase the surgery complications as compared to PD.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitization effect of antihelminthic niclosamide on human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and the potential mechanism related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods Four methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to measure the effect of niclosamide on cell viability at different concentrations and 50％ inhibitory concentration(IC50)value was calculated.MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into 4 groups:untreated control,niclosamide treatment alone group,radiation alone group and niclosamide plus radiation treatment group.The cells with or without 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/L niclosamide pre-treatment were irradiated with 137Cs γ-rays at doses of 0,2,4 and 6 Gy.Cell survival was assayed with the colony formation method,radiation-induced γH2AX foci was analyzed with immunofluorescence,cell cycle progression was assayed with flow cytometry,and the changes of phospho-and non-phospho-β-catenin and Cyclin D1 protein expressions were measured with Western blot.Results Niclosamde obviously inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dosedependent manner with a IC50 value of 13.63 μmol/L.Pretreatment of cells with 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/L niclosamide evidently enhanced the radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to γ-rays,and the values of SER were 1.37 and 1.62,respectively.Niclosamide pretreatment significantly increased radiation-induced γH2AX foci formation(t =3.91,P ＜0.05),diminished the radiation-induced G2/M arrest(t =8.05,P ＜0.01),and inhibited radiation-induced expressions of phospho-β-catenin (S675),non-phospho-β-catenin and Cyclin D1 proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells.Conclusions Niclosamide significantly can enhance the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to γ-ray irradiation through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,which results in the inhibition of DNA DSBs repair and the reduction of radiation-induced G2/M arrest.Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may serve as an ideal molecular target for radiosensitization of triplenegative breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different intravenous iron treatment regimens on anemia and oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS: A total of 58 MHD patients were randomly divided into a multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 25 mg, twice a week for 8 weeks, n=19), a less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 100 mg, once every two weeks for 8 weeks, n=19), and a non-iron group (n=20). Another 20 healthy people served as a control group (n=20). The changes of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TSAT), as well as the oxidative stress parameters of malon-dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, compared with the non-iron group, the levels of Hb, HCT, SF and TSAT in the two iron groups were significantly elevated (P<0.01), but there was no difference between the two iron groups (P>0.05). After the single dialysis, the two iron groups had higher level of serum MDA, MPO and lower level of serum SOD than that of the non-iron supplementation group (P<0.01). The multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron group had lower level of serum MDA [(5.37 ± 0.73) nmol/mL vs (6.37±1.67) nmol/mL], MPO [(81.41±7.60) U/L vs (96.75±16.97) U/L] and higher level of serum SOD [(84.77 ± 14.02) U/mL vs (68.23 ± 4.90) U/mL] than that of the less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron group. After 8 weeks, there was no significant difference between the two iron groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron can effectively improve anemia in MHD patients, whose acute oxidative stress is lower than that of less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron, and is a relatively safe and effective intravenous iron treatment regimen.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Ferric Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Ferric Oxide, Saccharated ; Glucaric Acid ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Renal Dialysis ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of GEPT extracts on spatial learning ability of the APPV717I transgenic mice at the early stage of dementia and its possible mechanism.

METHODThirty APPV717I transgenic mice were randomly divided into three GEPT groups by intragastric administration at doses of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), and a donepezil group by intragastric administration of 0.92 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), a APPV717I transgenic model group and a normal group by intragastric administration of distilled water. A four-month treatment regimen with GEPT extracts was administered to APPV717I transgenic mice. Results showed that Spatial memory ability was measured in Morris water maze. The total area covered by shank1 and integral optical density in CA1 subfield within the hippocampus were determined using immunohistochemical stains and Image-Pro plus analysis. The ultrastructure of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region was observed by electronic microscope.

RESULTAfter a four-month of GEPT treatment regimen, the mean escape latency period were significantly shortened (P < 0.05), and the target quadrant search time were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the APPV717I transgenic model mice. There was a significant higher level in the expression of shank1 detected in the hippocampal CA1 area of APPV717I transgenic mice associated with an increase in the number of synapses treated with GEPT than the levels in the APPV717I transgenic model mice alone. The total area of positive cells covered by shank1 and their integral optical density in the hippocampal CA1 area of the APPV717I transgenic mice treated with GEPT were significantly increased more than those of the APPV717I transgenic model mice.

CONCLUSIONGEPT extracts can obviously improve the spatial memory ability of APPV717I transgenic mice at the early stage of dementia through enhancing the number of synapses and the expression of shank1, and this might lead to development of novel treatment therapies for the memory loss associated with AD.

Animals ; Dementia ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Space Perception ; drug effects ; physiology ; Spatial Behavior ; drug effects ; physiology