BACKGROUND:It has been found that mitochondrial function is abnormal in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome,and the administration of coenzymes can improve the symptoms.Warm acupuncture is one of the most important treatments for this disease,but its mechanism of action is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of warm acupuncture on the phosphatase and tensin inducible kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway in the skeletal muscle of rats with chronic fatigue syndrome. METHODS:After 3 days of adaptive feeding,32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control,model,warm acupuncture,and coenzyme Q groups with 8 rats in each group.The chronic fatigue syndrome model was established by multiple factors,including swimming exhaustion,chronic immobilization and fasting.After successful modeling,the normal group and the model group were treated with the same fixation and gavage procedures,and the warm acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture at Guanyuan,Zhongwan and Zusanli(bilateral)points,once a day.After the needling was inserted,the moxa pillar was put on the needle handle and ignited,three sessions once.The coenzyme Q group was given 1 mL/kg coenzyme by gavage,once a day for 14 days.The body mass,exhaustive swimming time and food utilization rate during the treatment were recorded.After the treatment,the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles of rats in each group were collected.The pathological morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the mitochondrial morphology and autophagosome of the gastrocnemius muscle were observed by transmission electron microscope.The expression level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ protein in the skeletal muscle was detected by immunohistochemistry.Western blot was used to detect the expression of PINK1,Parkin,LC3 Ⅰ,and LC3 Ⅱ in the skeletal muscle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group,the gastrocnemius muscle nuclei of the model group were pyknotic,condensed,the number of cells was increased,the cells were arranged disorderly,and the fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle were tightly arranged in the model group.Compared with the model group,the intercellular space became smaller,the nuclei were reduced,and the cell arrangement was orderly in the warm acupuncture group and coenzyme Q group.Compared with the normal group,the skeletal muscle mitochondria in the model group were swollen,fused,and vacuolated seriously,the membrane was partially broken,the matrix was more dissolved,the cristae was broken and disappeared,and autophagy appeared.Compared with the model group,the number of mitochondria increased,the arrangement was relatively neat,mitochondrial vacuolization and rupture of cristae in the gastrocnemius muscle were improved,the membrane structure was relatively intact,and autophagy occurred.Compared with the normal group,the expression of PINK1 protein in the skeletal muscle of the model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression of Parkin,LC3 Ⅱ and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein was slightly upregulated(P>0.05).Compared with the model group,the protein expressions of PINK1,Parkin,LC3 Ⅱ and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ were significantly upregulated in the warm acupuncture and coenzyme Q groups(P<0.05),and the up-regulation was more significant in the warm acupuncture group.To conclude,warm acupuncture can play a role in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway,upregulating LC3 Ⅱ expression,forming mitochondrial autophagosomes,promoting the degradation of damaged mitochondria,and improving mitochondrial quality.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)in military aircrew.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 506 aircrew convalescents undergoing health examination from September 2023 to April 2024.Demographic,lifestyle,and biochemical data were analyzed.The risk factors of HHcy were identified by x2 test and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The HHcy detection rate was 21.94%(111/506),with a median homocysteine(Hcy)level of 11.75(9.70-14.30)μmol/L.Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking(OR=2.093,95%CI:1.313-3.336),service in conventional fighter aircraft(OR=1.716,95%CI:1.063-2.770),elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(OR=2.510,95%CI:1.413-4.458),and elevated bilirubin(OR=2.360,95%CI:1.509-3.691)were independent risk factors for HHcy(all P<0.05).Conclusion There is a high prevalence of HHcy in military pilots.It is strongly associated with smoking,aircraft type,and metabolic abnormalities.It is recommended to incorporate Hcy testing into routine physical examination,implement risk factor-based stratified interventions,and establish an atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases early warning system integrating vascular imaging and risk assessment,aiming to reduce cardiovascular risks and safeguard combat effectiveness.

Objective To analyze the current research on cardiovascular diseases in pilots using bibliometric methods,so as to provide reference for future researches.Methods Articles indexed by China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)were selected as the research objects.The time window ranged from January 1990 to February 2024,and the keywords"pilot or flight personnel"and"cardiovascular"were selected to search for all published literatures on cardiovascular diseases in pilots.CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to analyze the authors,institutions,and keywords of the included literatures,and a visual analysis graph was drawn.Results A total of 198 articles were included in this study.The journal with the most published articles was the Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine and Aviation Military Medicine.The author with the most published articles was Wang Lujin,followed by Zheng Jun.The institution with the most published articles was Air Force General Hospital(Air Force Medical Center).Risk factors,hypertension,and health assessment were hot keywords.The emerging word was medical appraisal.Conclusion The literatures of cardiovascular diseases among pilots are mainly published in aviation medical journals,forming a research team led by Wang Lujin and Zheng Jun.Research cooperation is mainly within the research team members,with less cooperation between research institutions.The research hotspots are risk factors of cardiovascular disease,hypertension,and health identification,and the forefront of research is the medical identification of cardiovascular diseases among pilots.With the increasing importance of cardiovascular diseases among pilots,it is necessary to strengthen cooperation among research institutions in the future,promote high-quality development in this field,and focus on strengthening scientific research in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases to maintain the physical and mental health of pilots.

Objective To compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)combined with seated Taijiquan Yun-shou in different sequences on brain functional activation in healthy youths.Methods From September to December,2024,14 healthy young medical interns or probationers were recruited from the Fifth Hospital of Xiamen.They randomly completed three interventions in a crossover design:Yunshou training followed immediately by tDCS(Y-S group),tDCS intervention followed immediately by Yunshou training(S-Y group),and simultaneous implementation of tDCS intervention and Yunshou training(Sim group).Yunshou was practiced in a seated position.For tDCS,the anode was placed over the left primary motor cortex(M1),and the cathode over the right M1.Changes in oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)concentration in the regions of interest were mea-sured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Results Three cases dropped down.The brain regions with significant differences before and after intervention included:CH3,CH7 and CH23 of right prefrontal cortex(PFC)in Y-S group;CH12 of left PFC in S-Y group;and CH9,CH10 and CH25 of the left PFC,CH13 and CH14 of the left sensorimotor cortex(SMC),CH15 of the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex(PMC),and CH16 of the right SMC in Sim group(P<0.05).After inter-vention,HbO2 concentration was the highest in the bilateral PFC,bilateral PMC and left SMC in the Y-S group(P<0.05);and it was almost the same between Sim group and S-Y group(P>0.05),except that of the right PFC decreased in Sim group.Conclusion The sequential combination of brain-limb integrated regulation is a key factor influencing the immediate cor-tical activation pattern.

Colorectal cancer(CRC),a highly prevalent malignant tumor worldwide,has shown a continuously increasing incidence,particularly with the rise of early-onset CRC in young populations.Neoadjuvant therapy,as an important strategy for locally advanced CRC,shows significant potential to downstage tumors,improve radical surgical cure rates,and enhance prognosis.In this paper,a 39-year-old male patient with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma at clinical stage cT4aN2aM0(stage ⅢC)is reported.Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the oncogene KRAS(G13D)and microsatellite stability(MSS).The patient also had significantly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),lymph node metastasis,and suspected pelvic implant nodules,with a high risk of invasiveness and potential peritoneal metastasis.Because he had a refractory subtype of CRC with poor response to traditional immunotherapy,the patient was treated with neoadjuvant therapy,comprising CapeOx regimen(capecitabine+oxaliplatin),followed sequentially by sluzumab;after 6 treatment cycles,the tumor shrank significantly,and laparoscopic radical sigmoid colon resection was successfully performed,with no residual(ypT0N0)confirmed by postoperative pathology.This case suggests that for patients with KRAS-mutated MSS CRC resistant to traditional immunotherapy,a combination of CapeOx chemotherapy followed by programmed death-1(PD-1)inhibitors may induce a deep pathological response and provide translational treatment opportunities for locally advanced patients.However,the universality and long-term benefits of this treatment regimen still require further longitudinal studies and clinical follow-up.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in pathological specimens on the prognosis of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 766 patients who underwent RP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2019 to June 2024. The median age was 68 (63, 72) years, and the median prostate specific antigen (PSA) value was 16.56 (8.35, 34.16) ng/ml. According to the biopsy Gleason score, 168 cases (21.9%) had a score of 6, 315 cases (41.1%) had a score of 7, and 283 cases (37.0%) had a score of ≥8. The relationships between LVI/PNI and clinicopathological factors such as biopsy/radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and nodal involvement were analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared between LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for RFS and assess the impact of LVI and PNI on postoperative recurrence.Results:Among the 766 postoperative pathological results, radical Gleason scores were 6 in 113 cases (14.8%), 7 in 356 cases (46.5%), and ≥8 in 297 cases (38.7%). Pathological stages included T 2 in 571 cases (74.5%), T 3 in 177 cases (23.1%), and T 4 in 18 cases (2.3%). Positive surgical margins were observed in 240 cases (31.3%), seminal vesicle invasion in 147 cases (19.2%), and nodal involvement in 63 cases (8.2%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered to 94 cases (12.3%). LVI was positive in 65 cases (8.5%) and negative in 701 cases (91.5%). Compared with the LVI-negative group, the LVI-positive group showed significant differences in radical Gleason scores [0 vs. 113 cases with score 6 (16.1%), 11 (16.9%) vs. 345 (49.2%) cases with score 7, 54 (83.1%) vs. 243 (34.7%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=59.782, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [42 (64.6%) vs. 198 (28.2%); χ2=36.572, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [50 (76.9%) vs. 97 (13.8%); χ2=152.656, P<0.01], nodal involvement [23 (35.4%) vs. 40 (5.7%); χ2=69.414, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 7 (10.8%) vs. 564 (80.5%), T 3: 51 (78.4%) vs. 126 (18.0%), T 4: 7 (10.8%) vs. 11 (1.5%); χ2=154.364, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [31 (47.7%) vs. 63 (9.0%); χ2=82.775, P<0.01]. PNI was positive in 339 cases (44.3%) and negative in 427 cases (55.7%). The PNI-positive group exhibited significant differences in radical Gleason scores [11 (3.2%) vs. 102 (23.9%) cases with score 6, 155 (45.7%) vs. 201 (47.1%) cases with score 7, 173 (51.1%) vs. 124 (29.0%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=78.234, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [170 (50.1%) vs. 70 (16.4%); χ2=100.072, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [129 (38.1%) vs. 18 (4.2%); χ2=139.524, P<0.01], nodal involvement [44 (13.0%) vs. 19 (4.4%); χ2=18.215, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 174 (51.3%) vs. 397 (93.0%), T 3: 147 (43.4%) vs. 30 (7.0%), T 4: 18 (5.3%) vs. 0; χ2=174.625, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [73 (21.5%) vs. 21 (4.9%); χ2=48.463, P<0.01]. During a median follow-up of 14 (6, 32) months, 140 cases (18.3%) experienced recurrence. The recurrence rates were significantly higher in LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative [27 (41.5%) vs. 113 (16.1%); χ2=25.731, P=0.006] and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups [91 (26.8%) vs. 49 (11.5%); χ2=29.882, P<0.01]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age ( HR=1.021, P<0.05), PSA level ( HR=1.002, P<0.05), biopsy Gleason score ( HR=2.020, P<0.05), and nodal involvement ( HR=2.625, P<0.05) as independent risk factors for recurrence, while adjuvant therapy was an independent protective factor ( HR=0.147, P<0.01). Radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, LVI and PNI were not independent risk factors for recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Patients with pathological LVI or PNI after RP exhibit higher radical Gleason scores, pathological stages, positive surgical margin rates, seminal vesicle invasion rates, and nodal involvement rates. LVI and PNI positivity predict shorter recurrence-free survival, but they do not serve as independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence after RP.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) in pathological specimens on the prognosis of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 766 patients who underwent RP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2019 to June 2024. The median age was 68 (63, 72) years, and the median prostate specific antigen (PSA) value was 16.56 (8.35, 34.16) ng/ml. According to the biopsy Gleason score, 168 cases (21.9%) had a score of 6, 315 cases (41.1%) had a score of 7, and 283 cases (37.0%) had a score of ≥8. The relationships between LVI/PNI and clinicopathological factors such as biopsy/radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and nodal involvement were analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared between LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for RFS and assess the impact of LVI and PNI on postoperative recurrence.Results:Among the 766 postoperative pathological results, radical Gleason scores were 6 in 113 cases (14.8%), 7 in 356 cases (46.5%), and ≥8 in 297 cases (38.7%). Pathological stages included T 2 in 571 cases (74.5%), T 3 in 177 cases (23.1%), and T 4 in 18 cases (2.3%). Positive surgical margins were observed in 240 cases (31.3%), seminal vesicle invasion in 147 cases (19.2%), and nodal involvement in 63 cases (8.2%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered to 94 cases (12.3%). LVI was positive in 65 cases (8.5%) and negative in 701 cases (91.5%). Compared with the LVI-negative group, the LVI-positive group showed significant differences in radical Gleason scores [0 vs. 113 cases with score 6 (16.1%), 11 (16.9%) vs. 345 (49.2%) cases with score 7, 54 (83.1%) vs. 243 (34.7%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=59.782, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [42 (64.6%) vs. 198 (28.2%); χ2=36.572, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [50 (76.9%) vs. 97 (13.8%); χ2=152.656, P<0.01], nodal involvement [23 (35.4%) vs. 40 (5.7%); χ2=69.414, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 7 (10.8%) vs. 564 (80.5%), T 3: 51 (78.4%) vs. 126 (18.0%), T 4: 7 (10.8%) vs. 11 (1.5%); χ2=154.364, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [31 (47.7%) vs. 63 (9.0%); χ2=82.775, P<0.01]. PNI was positive in 339 cases (44.3%) and negative in 427 cases (55.7%). The PNI-positive group exhibited significant differences in radical Gleason scores [11 (3.2%) vs. 102 (23.9%) cases with score 6, 155 (45.7%) vs. 201 (47.1%) cases with score 7, 173 (51.1%) vs. 124 (29.0%) cases with score ≥8; χ2=78.234, P<0.01], positive surgical margins [170 (50.1%) vs. 70 (16.4%); χ2=100.072, P<0.01], seminal vesicle invasion [129 (38.1%) vs. 18 (4.2%); χ2=139.524, P<0.01], nodal involvement [44 (13.0%) vs. 19 (4.4%); χ2=18.215, P<0.01], pathological stages [T 2: 174 (51.3%) vs. 397 (93.0%), T 3: 147 (43.4%) vs. 30 (7.0%), T 4: 18 (5.3%) vs. 0; χ2=174.625, P<0.01], and adjuvant therapy [73 (21.5%) vs. 21 (4.9%); χ2=48.463, P<0.01]. During a median follow-up of 14 (6, 32) months, 140 cases (18.3%) experienced recurrence. The recurrence rates were significantly higher in LVI-positive vs. LVI-negative [27 (41.5%) vs. 113 (16.1%); χ2=25.731, P=0.006] and PNI-positive vs. PNI-negative groups [91 (26.8%) vs. 49 (11.5%); χ2=29.882, P<0.01]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified age ( HR=1.021, P<0.05), PSA level ( HR=1.002, P<0.05), biopsy Gleason score ( HR=2.020, P<0.05), and nodal involvement ( HR=2.625, P<0.05) as independent risk factors for recurrence, while adjuvant therapy was an independent protective factor ( HR=0.147, P<0.01). Radical Gleason score, pathological stage, positive surgical margin, seminal vesicle invasion, LVI and PNI were not independent risk factors for recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Patients with pathological LVI or PNI after RP exhibit higher radical Gleason scores, pathological stages, positive surgical margin rates, seminal vesicle invasion rates, and nodal involvement rates. LVI and PNI positivity predict shorter recurrence-free survival, but they do not serve as independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence after RP.

Objective To compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)combined with seated Taijiquan Yun-shou in different sequences on brain functional activation in healthy youths.Methods From September to December,2024,14 healthy young medical interns or probationers were recruited from the Fifth Hospital of Xiamen.They randomly completed three interventions in a crossover design:Yunshou training followed immediately by tDCS(Y-S group),tDCS intervention followed immediately by Yunshou training(S-Y group),and simultaneous implementation of tDCS intervention and Yunshou training(Sim group).Yunshou was practiced in a seated position.For tDCS,the anode was placed over the left primary motor cortex(M1),and the cathode over the right M1.Changes in oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)concentration in the regions of interest were mea-sured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Results Three cases dropped down.The brain regions with significant differences before and after intervention included:CH3,CH7 and CH23 of right prefrontal cortex(PFC)in Y-S group;CH12 of left PFC in S-Y group;and CH9,CH10 and CH25 of the left PFC,CH13 and CH14 of the left sensorimotor cortex(SMC),CH15 of the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex(PMC),and CH16 of the right SMC in Sim group(P<0.05).After inter-vention,HbO2 concentration was the highest in the bilateral PFC,bilateral PMC and left SMC in the Y-S group(P<0.05);and it was almost the same between Sim group and S-Y group(P>0.05),except that of the right PFC decreased in Sim group.Conclusion The sequential combination of brain-limb integrated regulation is a key factor influencing the immediate cor-tical activation pattern.

The in-depth research of artificial intelligence in the medical field has greatly improved the workflow and diagnostic ability of diagnostic radiology.This article focuses on artificial intelligence technology in the field of interventional medicine,and enumerates its potential application scenarios,including improving image analysis capabilities to assist diagnosis and predict treatment response.It also describes the challenges that need to be overcome for practical application.Finally,with the continuous development of artificial intelligence in interventional medicine,artificial intelligence will further optimize the channels of interventional medicine and bring revolutionary changes to the clinical practice of interventional medicine.

Objective To explore the efficacy and mechanism of the aqueous extract of Sauropus spatulifolius in treating constipation based on network pharmacology analysis and experiments.Meth-ods Network pharmacology analysis was conducted using an online platform to investigate the molec-ular mechanism of Sauropus spatulifolius in treating constipation.Loperamide-induced mouse consti-pation models and intestinal epithelial cell(IEC)injury models were constructed.Therapeutic effects were evaluated using indicators such as the time to the first black stool,fecal water content,and gas-trointestinal transit rate.Annexin V-FITC staining was used to assess apoptosis,JC-1 staining was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,chemiluminescence was used to measure adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,and western blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins.Results Network pharmacology analysis revealed that 29 active components in Sauropus spatulifolius targeted 19 genes associated with constipation,with AKT1 identified as one of the key genes.Exper-imental results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Sauropus spatulifolius effectively alleviated loperamide-induced constipation symptoms in mice,including weight loss,reduced intestinal motili-ty,prolonged defecation time,and decreased fecal water content.Additionally,the aqueous extract of Sauropus spatulifolius inhibited IEC-6 cell apoptosis,restored mitochondrial membrane potential,and maintained intracellular ATP levels.The therapeutic mechanism involved downregulating the ex-pression of Bel-2-associated X protein(Bax),cytochrome C,Cleaved-Caspase3,and aquaporin 3(AQP3),as well as enhancing protein kinase B(Akt)phosphorylation.Conclusion The aque-ous extract of Sauropus spatulifolius effectively ameliorates constipation symptoms in mouse models,and its mechanism may be related to improving intestinal cell energy metabolism,inhibiting IEC ap-optosis,and reducing AQP3 expression,suggesting that Sauropus spatulifolius could serve as a po-tential drug for the clinical treatment of constipation.