Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass, decreased strength, and impaired function, can lead to adverse outcomes, such as frailty, falls, fractures and disability, and subsequently lead to decreased quality of life, increased risk of complications and mortality and elevated healthcare costs. With the accelerating process of global aging, the prevalence of sarcopenia has significantly risen, posing a major public health threat and socioeconomic burden to populations worldwide. To more effectively implement medical nutrition management and exercise intervention for patients with sarcopenia, the Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Nutrition Oncology Branch and Geriatric Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society, in collaboration with the Nutrition and Food Safety Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society, have developed the Expert Consensus on Medical Nutrition Management and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia (2024) based on the latest research evidence, clinical practice experiences and clinical nutrition guidelines. This consensus serves as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The consensus emphasizes that the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should focus on elderly population and also encompass patients with related chronic diseases including diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, cognitive dysfunction and Parkinson's disease. Multi-modal lifestyle interventions centered on nutrition and exercise remain the preferred strategy for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Vitamin-mineral supplements have clear health benefits in specific populations, but the needs for these nutrients vary among different physiological stages: Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects; iron supplementation prevents iron-deficiency anemia; combined use of calcium and vitamin D helps maintain bone density in middle-aged and older adults; and multivitamin-mineral supplementation may delay age-related cognitive decline in elderly adults. For patients with chronic diseases, regular multivitamin-mineral intake may reduce the risk of respiratory infections and may even alleviate symptoms in specific subpopulations. Studies in Linxian have suggested lower mortality from esophageal cancer after multivitamin-mineral supplementation, although β-carotene may increase lung cancer risk among smokers. A combination of vitamin C and E, zinc, and β-carotene may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Due to the synergistic effects among nutrients, combination formulations may be more advantageous. However, the use of fat-soluble vitamins must be lower than the tolerable upper intake levels to avoid accumulation and toxicity. For individuals at high risk of nutrient deficiency, the vitamin and mineral levels should be tested before supplementation, along with regular monitoring to facilitate dose adjustment. Liver and kidney function should be monitored in patients with chronic diseases after starting supplementation. In summary, vitamin and mineral supplements can improve health outcomes in specific populations. However, the use of these nutrients should be evidence-based and individualized, and vitamin-mineral supplements are not substitutes for medications or a balanced diet.

The dramatically rising incidence of chronic diseases decreases quality of life, increases complications and all-cause mortality, and raises medical costs. Scientifically sound nutritional therapy is currently the most affordable and safest basic treatment for patients with chronic diseases, as it can help improve nutritional status, clinical outcomes, quality of life, and survival rates for patients with chronic diseases. The Nutrition Oncology Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society has developed the Expert consensus on nutritional therapy for patients with common chronic diseases (2025) based on the latest research evidence, clinical practice, and clinical nutrition guidelines to inform the nutritional diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease.

Nutrition dietary prescription (NDP) refers to quantified recipes or dietary plans that are developed and implemented by trained physicians, clinical dietitians, or registered dietitians to target the main issues faced by individual chronic disease patients based on nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, diagnosis of malnutrition, and comprehensive evaluation. As an important part of nutritional management of chronic diseases, NDP is recommended to be implemented with exercise prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) food therapies to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic diseases, thereby enhancing their quality of life and reducing medical costs.

Cross-border teaching provides new opportunities for college students to gain diverse insights amid the globalization and internationalized education, In July 2024, guided by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese Nutrition Society and the Hong Kong Nutrition Association collaborated to host a three-week clinical nutrition internship at Peking Union Medical College Hospital for five college students from Hong Kong SAR, China. This program included participating in outpatient rounds, attending in inpatient nutrition management, and attending lectures, aiming to enhance students' professional skills and clinical experience. Cultural exchange and value-based education also enriched students' social responsibility and cultural understanding. The Hong Kong students also brought diverse cultural backgrounds and inputs, enabling multidimensional communication during the training. Post-internship feedback survey showed that the students found the inernship valuable for their career development and hoped for more learning opportunities. This cross-border high-quality internship program fostered skill enhancement, cultural exchange between young students in Beijing and Hong Kong and contributed to advancement of clinical nutrition.

Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass, decreased strength, and impaired function, can lead to adverse outcomes, such as frailty, falls, fractures and disability, and subsequently lead to decreased quality of life, increased risk of complications and mortality and elevated healthcare costs. With the accelerating process of global aging, the prevalence of sarcopenia has significantly risen, posing a major public health threat and socioeconomic burden to populations worldwide. To more effectively implement medical nutrition management and exercise intervention for patients with sarcopenia, the Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Nutrition Oncology Branch and Geriatric Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society, in collaboration with the Nutrition and Food Safety Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society, have developed the Expert Consensus on Medical Nutrition Management and Exercise Intervention for Sarcopenia (2024) based on the latest research evidence, clinical practice experiences and clinical nutrition guidelines. This consensus serves as a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The consensus emphasizes that the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should focus on elderly population and also encompass patients with related chronic diseases including diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, cognitive dysfunction and Parkinson's disease. Multi-modal lifestyle interventions centered on nutrition and exercise remain the preferred strategy for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Vitamin-mineral supplements have clear health benefits in specific populations, but the needs for these nutrients vary among different physiological stages: Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects; iron supplementation prevents iron-deficiency anemia; combined use of calcium and vitamin D helps maintain bone density in middle-aged and older adults; and multivitamin-mineral supplementation may delay age-related cognitive decline in elderly adults. For patients with chronic diseases, regular multivitamin-mineral intake may reduce the risk of respiratory infections and may even alleviate symptoms in specific subpopulations. Studies in Linxian have suggested lower mortality from esophageal cancer after multivitamin-mineral supplementation, although β-carotene may increase lung cancer risk among smokers. A combination of vitamin C and E, zinc, and β-carotene may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Due to the synergistic effects among nutrients, combination formulations may be more advantageous. However, the use of fat-soluble vitamins must be lower than the tolerable upper intake levels to avoid accumulation and toxicity. For individuals at high risk of nutrient deficiency, the vitamin and mineral levels should be tested before supplementation, along with regular monitoring to facilitate dose adjustment. Liver and kidney function should be monitored in patients with chronic diseases after starting supplementation. In summary, vitamin and mineral supplements can improve health outcomes in specific populations. However, the use of these nutrients should be evidence-based and individualized, and vitamin-mineral supplements are not substitutes for medications or a balanced diet.

The dramatically rising incidence of chronic diseases decreases quality of life, increases complications and all-cause mortality, and raises medical costs. Scientifically sound nutritional therapy is currently the most affordable and safest basic treatment for patients with chronic diseases, as it can help improve nutritional status, clinical outcomes, quality of life, and survival rates for patients with chronic diseases. The Nutrition Oncology Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society has developed the Expert consensus on nutritional therapy for patients with common chronic diseases (2025) based on the latest research evidence, clinical practice, and clinical nutrition guidelines to inform the nutritional diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease.

Nutrition dietary prescription (NDP) refers to quantified recipes or dietary plans that are developed and implemented by trained physicians, clinical dietitians, or registered dietitians to target the main issues faced by individual chronic disease patients based on nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, diagnosis of malnutrition, and comprehensive evaluation. As an important part of nutritional management of chronic diseases, NDP is recommended to be implemented with exercise prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) food therapies to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic diseases, thereby enhancing their quality of life and reducing medical costs.

Cross-border teaching provides new opportunities for college students to gain diverse insights amid the globalization and internationalized education, In July 2024, guided by the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, the Chinese Nutrition Society and the Hong Kong Nutrition Association collaborated to host a three-week clinical nutrition internship at Peking Union Medical College Hospital for five college students from Hong Kong SAR, China. This program included participating in outpatient rounds, attending in inpatient nutrition management, and attending lectures, aiming to enhance students' professional skills and clinical experience. Cultural exchange and value-based education also enriched students' social responsibility and cultural understanding. The Hong Kong students also brought diverse cultural backgrounds and inputs, enabling multidimensional communication during the training. Post-internship feedback survey showed that the students found the inernship valuable for their career development and hoped for more learning opportunities. This cross-border high-quality internship program fostered skill enhancement, cultural exchange between young students in Beijing and Hong Kong and contributed to advancement of clinical nutrition.