OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of Zhiqiao gancao decoction （ZQGCD） on pathological angiogenesis of degenerative intervertebral disc. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） inhibitor （YC-1） group [2 mg/（kg·d）， tail vein injection]， and ZQGCD low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [3.06， 6.12， 12.24 g/（kg·d）]， with 8 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， lumbar disc degeneration model of rat was constructed in all other groups. After modeling， they were given relevant medicine once a day， for consecutive 3 weeks. After the last medication， pathological changes and angiogenesis of the intervertebral disc tissue in rats were observed； the levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）] and the expressions of angiogenesis-related proteins [HIF-1α， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， VEGF receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， angiotensin 1（Ang 1）， Ang 2] in the com intervertebral disc tissue in rats were all determined. In cell experiment， the primary nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured from rats， and cellular degeneration was induced using 50 ng/mL TNF-α. The cells were divided into blank control group （10% blank control serum）， TNF-α group （10% blank control serum）， YC-1 group （10% blank control serum+0.2 mmol/L YC-1）， and 5%， 10%， 15% drug-containing serum group （5%， 10%， 15% drug-containing serum）. After 24 hours of intervention， the nucleus pulposus cells were co-cultured with HUVEC. The expressions of Collagen Ⅱ， matrix metalloproteinase-3 （MMP-3） in nucleus pulposus cells were detected. HUVEC proliferation， migration and tube forming ability were detected， and the expression levels of the HIF-1α/VEGF/Ang signal axis and angiogenesis- related proteins （add MMP-2， MMP-9） in HUVEC were detected. RESULTS Animal experiments had shown that compared with model group， the positive expression of CD31 in the intervertebral disc tissues of rats in each drug group was down-regulated （P＜ 0.05）， the levels of inflammatory factors and angiogenesis-related proteins were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and the pathological changes in the intervertebral disc were alleviated. Cell experiments had shown that compared with TNF-α group， the expression of Collagen Ⅱ in nucleus pulposus cells of all drug groups was significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05）， and the expression of MMP-3 was significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）； the proliferation， migration and tubulogenesis of HUVEC were significantly weakened （P＜0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α， VEGF， Ang 2 as well as the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins （except for the expression of Ang 2 mRNA and HIF-1α， VEGFR2， Ang 2 protein in 5% drug- containing serum group） were significantly down-regulated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ZQGCD may inhibit the HIF-1α/VEGF/ Ang signal axis to weaken the angiogenic ability of vascular endothelial cells， improve pathological angiogenesis in the intervertebral disc， and delay the degeneration of the intervertebral disc.

Objective To employ a mouse model of ABI3BP gene deletion for the detection of postnatal changes in body weight and glucose metabolism and establish a different method of creating a mouse model of low birth weight.Methods Heterozygote mice were mated to produce ABI3BP gene knockout homozygote(ABI3BP-/-)mice,heterozygote(ABI3BP+/)mice,and wild-type(WT)mice.Adult mice from all three groups were evaluated for glucose metabolism markers,including the fasting blood glucose level,glucose tolerance,and insulin tolerance.Additionally,body weight was measured at various postnatal time periods,and the weight ratio of critical organs in adulthood was calculated.Results The gene sequencing result of the polymerase chain reaction product of ABI3BP-/-mice showed that frameshift mutations occurred in the knockout region,with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrating significantly reduced ABI3BP expression in ABI3BP-/-mice compared with that in WT mice.Notably,the birth weight of ABI3BP-/-mice(1.25±0.08 g)was markedly lower than that of WT mice(1.34±0.12 g)(P＜0.05).Conversely,the weight of adult(120 d)ABI3BP-/mice(27.70±1.93 g)was significantly higher than that of WT mice(23.64±1.34 g)(P＜0.01).The ratios of key organ weights to body weight were not significantly different between the groups(P＞0.05).Fasting blood glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed no significant variations between the groups.However,glucose tolerance tests indicated that ABI3BP-/-mice had lower blood glucose levels(15.68±7.04 mmol/L)than WT mice(23.01±5.75 mmol/L).Conclusions Deletion of the ABI3BP gene result in mice with low birth weight,poor growth recuperation,and inadequate glucose tolerance in adulthood,similar to the clinical growth traits of low-birth-weight human neonates.Therefore,this mouse model is a promising choice for the study of low birth weight.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of perforator pedicled propeller flap (PPPF) in reconstruction of soft tissue defect in ankle and foot, as well as the role of preoperative ultrasonography in assistance of the location of perforators in donor site.Methods:From January 2017 to June 2023, the Department of Microorthopedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College of Higher Education applied PPPF to reconstruct small and medium-sized soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot for 26 patients. The patients were 17 males, 9 females, aged 18 to 68 years old with 46 years old in average. The defect sites were 3 in forefoot and 6 in midfoot and combined with different degrees of tendon and bone exposure, 17 in ankle and heel and combined with various degrees of bone exposure, 12 with ankle open injury and 5 with Achilles tendon exposure. The area of soft tissue defects ranged from 2.5 cm×1.5 cm to 16.0 cm × 6.5 cm. The width of injury was measured before surgery, and a HHD was used to detect the perforators proximal to the defect site, and then high-frequency CDU was used to locate and confirm the location of the perforator and its alignment, blood flow and diameter. The line drawn between the 2 perforators was set as the axis of flap. The donor site was assessed by a "pinching and lifting" method to determine a direct closure of donor site or to have it closed by a flap transfer. The sizes of flap were from 2.8 cm×1.5 cm to 24.0 cm×7.5 cm. Twenty-two donor sites were directly closed and 4 received flap transfers. Four flaps had sutures with the skin nerves in the recipient site. Masquelet technique was performed in 6 patients with bone defects in the surgery. Patients received outpatient reviews with 1-2 weeks of intervals in the first 2 months after surgery, and X-ray reviews per 1-2 months for those with bone implants until bone healing.Results:All flaps survived successfully without any special treatment after surgery, except 1 flap that had blood vessel congestion and showed swelling and poor blood supply to the distal flap at 24 hours after surgery. The blood vessel congestion was revised by removal of part of the suture at the tip of flap pedicle. One week later, the tip of the flap remained with a small area of necrosis, which was then healed after dressing changes. A total of 21 patients were included in postoperative follow-up with 4 months to 3 years. All of the flaps had satisfactory appearance, colour and texture, and without any ulceration. Three cases of nerve suture were also included in follow-up. According to the assessment criteria of British Medical Research Council (BMRC), the sensory recovery of the flaps was found of S 2 in 1 flap and S 3 in 2 flaps. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), the ankle-hindfoot function scores, there were excellent in 16 patient and good in 5 patients. Conclusion:With the assistance of ultrasound, the PPPF can be effectively used in reconstruction of soft tissue defects in ankle and foot.

This paper introduces chief physician LIU Huilin's empirical characteristics in treating cluster headache based on holism and pattern-identification-based treatment,with spirit-regulating filiform needling,filiform fire needle pricking,and collateral-pricking for bloodletting sequential therapy,which inherits the academic thoughts of"acupuncture-moxibustion for treating spirit"from Professor ZHOU De'an and"three-unblocking acupuncture therapy"from HE Puren,thus providing a reference for treating cluster headache with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the attenuating effect of Dioscoreae Bulbiferae Rhizoma（DBR） processed with Phaseoli Radiati Semen（PRS） juice， and explore the attenuating mechanism based on ferroptosis of the main toxic target organ. MethodSixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group， DBR group， water roasted DBR group（hereinafter referred to as water group）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 1（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 130 ℃ for 18 min， hereinafter referred to as group 1）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 2（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 80 min， stir-fried at 100 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 2）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 3（DBR-PRS=20∶3， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 160 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 3）. The raw and processed groups of DBR were gavaged with their corresponding 95% ethanol extract at a dose of 3 g·kg^-1·d^-1， while the blank group was gavaged with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose， once a day for 14 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of mouse liver. Alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels in serum， as well as malondialdehyde（MDA）， ferrous ions（Fe²⁺）， reduced glutathione（GSH） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） levels in liver tissue were detected by the biochemical detection. Western blot was used to detect the expression of iron key proteins such as ferritin heavy chain 1（FTH1） and glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）. ResultHE staining results showed that the liver tissue structure of the blank group was clear， the morphology of hepatocytes was normal， the cytoplasms of hepatocytes in the DBR group and water group were loose and vacuolar， with obvious pathological damages， and the pathologic damages of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly improved. Compared with the blank group， the levels of ALT， AST， MDA and Fe²⁺ in mice from the DBR group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， while GSH and SOD levels were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the DBR group， the ALT， AST，MDA and Fe²⁺ levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GSH and SOD levels and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the water group， the AST and MDA levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the SOD level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the FTH1 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the serum ALT level of mice in the group 2-3 significantly reduce（P<0.01）， Fe²⁺ level significantly reduced（P<0.01）， GSH level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and GPX4 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among the group 1-3， the group 3 had the best detoxification effect. ConclutionProcessing with PRS juice can reduce the liver injury induced by DBR， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis in the liver.

The aortic dissection is a critical emergency in cardiovascular surgery and can be classified as Stanford type A and type B aortic dissection depending on whether the ascending aorta is involved. Currently, the mainstream treatment option for type A aortic dissection is open surgery, while type B dissection can be treated by interventional therapy, open surgery, or optimal medical therapy depending on the situation. However, regardless of the treatment option, it is difficult to resolve all the problems at once. As a result, residual aortic dissection is commonly found in patients with aortic dissection. This article will review the hot issues of aortic remodeling in terms of the definition, prognosis, and risk factors.

Acupuncture and Tuina are the main non-drug therapies for low back pain, which are recommended by the guidelines. Acupuncture and Tuina can alleviate pain, which is regarded as conditional specific outcome, and improve mental, emotional problems, as non-conditional specific outcomes. There are some problems of the outcome assessment of acupuncture and Tuina treatment for pain such as insufficient evaluation of specific effect and unclear evaluation of characteristic outcome. Therefore, the key to above problems is to construct a Specific ouTcomE Assessment Modal of acupuncture and Tuina treatment for pain (STEAM-A&T) based on the qualitive and quantitative methods. By describing the experience, narrative expression, feelings and needs of patients who receiving acupuncture and Tuina treatment, the item banks of acupuncture and Tuina treatment effect are constructed, and the characteristic outcome of acupuncture and Tuina for pain will be screened, and then the relationship model among outcomes is constructed and optimized, which reflected the characteristics of acupuncture and Tuina for pain from multiple dimensions, multiple levels and multiple views. We reveal the relationship between the outcome of acupuncture and Tuina for pain. It will provide a new theory and methods for the construction of specific outcome assessment modal of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Tuina (Chinese massage) is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a simple and inexpensive technique, and has shown effectiveness for muscle and bone diseases, visceral diseases, gynecological diseases, and common diseases in children. This paper aims to analyze the factors influencing the effects of Tuina. The factors included the aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, patient factors and doctor-patient communication. During the treatment of Tuina, doctors should carry out good doctor-patient communication, properly evaluate and exam patients, and clarify diagnosis, take appropriate Tuina techniques according to the patients' constitution, health condition, and comorbidity. Only in such way, could Tuina achieve effectiveness and safety.

Objective:To explore the application and practice of "flipped classroom" in the teaching of general surgery interns.Methods:A total of 20 internship groups (3 to 5 people in each group) were randomly selected from the general surgery practice group in the Department of General Surgery of the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College. They were randomly divided into the flipped group (45 people) and the traditional group (40 people), with 10 subgroups in each group. The flipped group adopted the flipped classroom teaching mode (students' self-study by handing out materials before class, students and teachers' discussion in class, and students and teachers' evaluation after class), while the control group adopted the current conventional teaching mode (students' preview before class, teachers' explanation in class, and teachers' question answering after class). At the end of the teaching, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the participation and completion of each student. The teaching effect was evaluated by medical history collection and case analysis. The participation, completion, and teaching effect between the two groups were compared and analyzed. SPSS 23.0 software was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The participation of the flipped group was better than that of the traditional group [(17.45±1.83) vs. (15.57±1.52)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the flipped group and the traditional group. There was no significant difference in medical history collection scores between the two groups. The case analysis of the flipped group was better than that of the traditional group [(87.30±6.06) vs. (81.50±5.88), P < 0.05]. The questionnaire shows that about 90% of the students think that flipped classroom can improve their interest in learning [96% (43/45)], improve their autonomous learning ability [89% (40/45)], and have better learning effect. At the same time, 78% (35/45) of students think that learning time is too long. Conclusion:The flipped classroom teaching model can improve the teaching participation of general surgery students, improve students' interest in learning, improve their self-learning ability, and improve students' thinking ability of medical record analysis.

The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) pertains to patients' subjective contentment concerning their physical, psychological, and social well-being throughout disease treatments. Predominantly employed HRQoL metrics in spinal metastases comprise the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), EuroQoL Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). In clinical applications, due to their broad application and diverse disease types, combined with the lack of specificity in the scale content and the prolixity of their questionnaires, these tools often fail to capture the nuanced experiences of patients, thereby compromising the reliability and validity of the results. The Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ), developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group, offers a tailored metric for spinal metastases, encapsulating both specificity and inclusivity. Its proven robust reliability and validity make it invaluable for decision-making and therapeutic efficacy appraisals. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), a novel metric suitable across many medical disciplines, facilitates cross-sector data acquisition, substantially augmenting the precision, sensitivity, and credibilityof assessments, and is pivotal in clinical investigations and interventions. As it continually evolves, PROMIS consistently outperforms traditional metrics in evaluative capacities, exhibiting impressive and consistent proficiency in prognostications, preoperative assessments, and therapeutic outcome evaluations within the spinal metastasis domain. Presently, Chinese research on the HRQoL of spinal metastasis patients remains scant, and choosing an apt, precise, and dependable metric holds significant clinical relevance. Drawing upon extant scholarly publications, this review concluded the current global HRQoL tools for spinal metastases, aiming to furnish insights for the clinical management and research pertaining to spinal metastases.