Objective:To investigate the changes in sympathetic nerve activity after lower limb immobilization and the role of sympathetic nerve in regulating disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles.Methods:The experiment was divided into the following 3 parts: ① Twelve 8-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group and a hind limb fixation group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the hind limb fixation group received splint fixation of the hind limbs for 2 weeks before the musculoskeletal multi-dimensional characterization was completed at the behavioral, pathological and molecular levels. ② Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a control group and 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) ( n=6). The control group was fed normally until 14 days without any intervention while the 5 hind limb fixation groups were sampled after fixation for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The level of norepinephrine in the serum and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerve activity in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), were detected to observe the plasticity of sympathetic nerve activity. ③ Eighteen 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a blank control group, a hind limb fixation group and a hind limb fixation plus medication group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the 2 fixation groups were injected with phosphate buffer (PBS) and propranolol hydrochloride solution for 2 consecutive weeks, respectively. The parameters related to the skeletal muscles were compared between the 3 groups. Results:① Compared with the control group, the mass and function of skeletal muscles in the hind limb fixation group were statistically significantly decreased ( P<0.05). ② The levels of serum norepinephrine [(3.27±1.03) ng/mL, (9.21±1.05) ng/mL, (6.36±0.88) ng/mL, (3.84±1.00) ng/mL, and (3.91±0.75) ng/mL] and the PVN TH levels (42.00%±5.38%, 61.67%±5.57%, 55.82%±3.11%, 50.90%±2.53%, and 39.17%±9.07%) in the 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.81±0.72)] ng/mL and 23.33%±5.50%] ( P<0.05). ③ The wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle [(93.50±4.32) mg] and the cross-section area of the tibial anterior muscle [(1,180.00±95.09) μm 2] in the hind limb fixation plus medication group were increased significantly compared with those in the hind limb fixation group [(80.83±9.99) mg and (907.80±121.00) μm 2] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in the mice model of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy after hind limb fixation. Inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity may reduce the severity of skeletal muscle atrophy at the lower limbs.

Objective:To investigate the changes in sympathetic nerve activity after lower limb immobilization and the role of sympathetic nerve in regulating disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles.Methods:The experiment was divided into the following 3 parts: ① Twelve 8-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into a blank control group and a hind limb fixation group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the hind limb fixation group received splint fixation of the hind limbs for 2 weeks before the musculoskeletal multi-dimensional characterization was completed at the behavioral, pathological and molecular levels. ② Thirty-six 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a control group and 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) ( n=6). The control group was fed normally until 14 days without any intervention while the 5 hind limb fixation groups were sampled after fixation for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days, respectively. The level of norepinephrine in the serum and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of sympathetic nerve activity in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), were detected to observe the plasticity of sympathetic nerve activity. ③ Eighteen 8-week-old male C57 mice were selected and randomly divided into a blank control group, a hind limb fixation group and a hind limb fixation plus medication group ( n=6). The blank control group received no intervention while the 2 fixation groups were injected with phosphate buffer (PBS) and propranolol hydrochloride solution for 2 consecutive weeks, respectively. The parameters related to the skeletal muscles were compared between the 3 groups. Results:① Compared with the control group, the mass and function of skeletal muscles in the hind limb fixation group were statistically significantly decreased ( P<0.05). ② The levels of serum norepinephrine [(3.27±1.03) ng/mL, (9.21±1.05) ng/mL, (6.36±0.88) ng/mL, (3.84±1.00) ng/mL, and (3.91±0.75) ng/mL] and the PVN TH levels (42.00%±5.38%, 61.67%±5.57%, 55.82%±3.11%, 50.90%±2.53%, and 39.17%±9.07%) in the 5 hind limb fixation groups (for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days) were significantly higher than those in the control group [(1.81±0.72)] ng/mL and 23.33%±5.50%] ( P<0.05). ③ The wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle [(93.50±4.32) mg] and the cross-section area of the tibial anterior muscle [(1,180.00±95.09) μm 2] in the hind limb fixation plus medication group were increased significantly compared with those in the hind limb fixation group [(80.83±9.99) mg and (907.80±121.00) μm 2] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs in the mice model of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy after hind limb fixation. Inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity may reduce the severity of skeletal muscle atrophy at the lower limbs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antitumor effect and toxicity of doxorubicin-heparinized mesoporous silicon nanoparticles drug carrier system (DOX-HMSN) on H22 hepatoma mice. METHODS An experimental animal model of H22 hepatoma mice was established. Fifty male Kunming mice were divided into five groups:model control group,HMSN 8 mg?kg-1 group,DOX-HMSN 4,8 mg?kg-1 groups, and DOX 2 mg?kg-1(once every other day)group. Continuous intravenous injection was given once a day for 14 d. Tumor was completely stripped and weighed,and tumor inhibitory rate was determined. Pathological change of tumor tissue was observed by HE staining in H22 mice. White blood cell count was performed and the thymus index and spleen index were calculated. Levels of serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)in serum were determined. BCL-2,BAX and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)expression of tumor tissue were analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS The inhibitory rate of tumor was 20.5%,40.4%,54.8%,and 67.5%,respectively,in HMSN 8 mg?kg-1 group,DOX-HMSN 4, 8 mg?kg-1 group and DOX 2 mg?kg-1 group(P<0.01). HE results showed that HMSN 8 mg?kg-1,DOX-HMSN 4,8 mg?kg-1and DOX 2 mg?kg-1 induced tumor necrosis and nuclear dissolution of the tumor cells in H22 mice. The white blood cell count,thymus index and spleen index of mice were not signifi?cantly different between control group and HMSN group or DOX-HMSN 4 and 8 mg?kg-1 group. The levels of Scr and BUN of mice did not change obviously in HMSN 8 mg?kg-1or DOX-HMSN 4,8 mg?kg-1 groups. Compared with the model control group,the level of GPT and GOT of mice increased in the DOX 2 mg?kg-1group but decreased in HMSN 8 mg?kg-1 and DOX-HMSN 4 and 8 mg?kg-1 group(P<0.05). Compared with the control,the BAX/BCL-2 ratio(from 0.49 ± 0.06 to 0.79 ± 0.08,1.23 ± 0.14 and 1.04±0.14)increased but the VEGF expression of tumor(from 1.39±0.14 to 1.13±0.12,0.75±0.08 and 0.94 ± 0.09)decreased significantly in DOX-HMSN 4,8 mg?kg-1 and DOX 2 mg?kg-1 group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION DOX-HMSN can inhibit the tumor growth of H22 tumor-bearing mice and its antitumor mechanism might be related to inducing tumor cell necrosis and apoptosis and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

BACKGROUNDBalloon release pressure may increase the incidence of no reflow after direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This randomized controlled study was designed to analyze the correlation between balloon release pressure and no-reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing direct PCI.

METHODSThere were 156 AMI patients who underwent PCI from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012, and were divided into two groups according to the stent inflation pressure: a conventional pressure group and a high pressure group. After PCI, angiography was conducted to assess the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade with related artery. Examinations were undertaken on all patients before and after the operation including cardiac enzymes, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, homocysteine , β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). After interventional therapy, the afore-mentioned parameters in both the conventional pressure group and high pressure group were again analyzed.

RESULTSThe results showed that CK-MB, HAMD, SAS were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all patients after PCI, especially the CK-MB in the high pressure group ((25.7 ± 7.6) U/L vs. (76.7 ± 11.8) U/L). CK-MB, HAMD, SAS, and β-TG were comparative before PCI but they were significantly changed (P < 0.05) after intervention. No-reflow phenomenon occurred in 13 patients in the high pressure group, which was significantly higher than in the conventional pressure group (17.11% vs. 6.25%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn stent implantation, using a pressure less than 1823.4 kPa balloon to release pressure may be the better choice to reduce the occurrence of no-reflow following direct PCI.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Female ; Homocysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; surgery ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; methods

Objective To establish the quality standard of Compound Kangganling Granules. Methods TLC method was used for qualitative identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus, and HPLC method was used for determination of chlorogenic acid in the preparation. The HPLC separation was performed on Diamonsil C18 column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric acid (20∶80, V/V), and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results TLC identified chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and phillyrin in Forsythiae Fructus. The linear relationship of chlorogenic acid in the preparation measured by HPLC was A=30461C-5938.8, r=0.9998, RSD=1.01%, showing that the linear range of chlorogenic acid was 10.2-102.0μg/mL. Conclusion The method is accurate and rapid, with good stability, reliability and reproducibility, and can be used for the quality control and evaluation of the preparation.

Obj ective To investigate the changes of cytokeratin 1 9 fragment (CYFRA211),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),sugar decomposition enolase (NSE),carbohy-drate antigen 125 (CA125),carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)in non-small cell lung cancer pa-tients before and after chemotherapy and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 60 pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with 2 cycles (3 weeks per cycle)of cis-platin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy (GP).Serum CYFRA211,CEA,NSE,CA125,CA199 in patients were detected before and after chemotherapy.Results Positive rates of CYFRA211, serumCEA ,NSE ,CA 1 2 5 and CA 1 9 9 before chemotherapy in all patients were 6 1 .6 7%,5 1 .6 7%, 71.67%,53.33%,31.67%.Positive rates of serum CEA,CA125 adenocarcinoma were signifi-cantly higher than patients with squamous cell carcinomas (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).The positive rate of NSE staging for stage IV patients was significantly higher than that in stageⅢpatients (P<0.05).After chemotherapy,5 cases had complete response,14 cases had partial response,25 cases had stable disease (SD),16 cases had progressive disease (PD).Among them,the indexes of patients with CR,PR were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0 .05 ),SD patients with serum NSE,CA125 levels were significantly lower (P<0.05),PD patients serum CYFRA211, CEA,CA125 levels significantly increased than before treatment (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Serum CYFRA211,CEA,NSE,CA125,CA199 level can reflect Chemotherapy curative effect for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.The short-term effect,tumor stage,and serum CYFRA211 levels before chemotherapy are the independent factors of prognosis.

Obj ective To investigate the changes of cytokeratin 1 9 fragment (CYFRA211),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),sugar decomposition enolase (NSE),carbohy-drate antigen 125 (CA125),carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)in non-small cell lung cancer pa-tients before and after chemotherapy and explore its clinical significance.Methods A total of 60 pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with 2 cycles (3 weeks per cycle)of cis-platin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy (GP).Serum CYFRA211,CEA,NSE,CA125,CA199 in patients were detected before and after chemotherapy.Results Positive rates of CYFRA211, serumCEA ,NSE ,CA 1 2 5 and CA 1 9 9 before chemotherapy in all patients were 6 1 .6 7%,5 1 .6 7%, 71.67%,53.33%,31.67%.Positive rates of serum CEA,CA125 adenocarcinoma were signifi-cantly higher than patients with squamous cell carcinomas (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ).The positive rate of NSE staging for stage IV patients was significantly higher than that in stageⅢpatients (P<0.05).After chemotherapy,5 cases had complete response,14 cases had partial response,25 cases had stable disease (SD),16 cases had progressive disease (PD).Among them,the indexes of patients with CR,PR were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0 .05 ),SD patients with serum NSE,CA125 levels were significantly lower (P<0.05),PD patients serum CYFRA211, CEA,CA125 levels significantly increased than before treatment (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Serum CYFRA211,CEA,NSE,CA125,CA199 level can reflect Chemotherapy curative effect for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.The short-term effect,tumor stage,and serum CYFRA211 levels before chemotherapy are the independent factors of prognosis.

Objective To summarize the perioperative clinical care experience of parenteral and enteral nutrition supports in post-hepatectomy patients.Methods The clinical data of 146 consecutive post-hepatectomy patients in Beijing Hospital were collected and analyzed.For these patients,nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002 was performed after admission,enteral nutrition support was provided before operation,and enteral and parenteral nutrition supports were provided after operation.Nutritional parameters,clinical outcomes,and nursing methods were evaluated.Results Among these 146 patients,91 patients had≥3 NRS2000 scores,and the remaining 55 patients scored ＜ 3.A total of 118 patients were administrated with enteral and pareteral nutrition;the average enferal nutrition time was 9.6 days,and the average pareteral nutrition time was 5.4 days.The average onset time of passage of gas by anus afar operation was (70.7±17.1) hours.Three patients died,15 patients suffered from infections after operation,and 13 patients experienced other complications.The median hospital stay was 25.5 days.Conclusions Post-hepatectomy patients need take nutritional risk screening after admission and receive appropriate nutritional supports in the perioperative period.It is equally important to strengthen clinical nursing for nutrition support.

Objective To explore the methods and mid-term results of interventional therapy for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery(SFA).Methods From January 2005 to August 2008,Nineteen cases with 22 diseased lower limbs were admitted.According to Fontaine stage system,there were 6 stage Ⅱb limbs(moderate to severe intermittent claudication),8 stage Ⅲ limbs(rest pain),and 8 stage Ⅳ limbs(6 with ulcer and 2 with gangrene).The mean lesion length was 8.8 cm(5～13 cm).On the basis of the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus(TASC)femoropopliteal classification,the lesions were classified as type B in 4 limbs,type C in 17,and D in 1.Follow up examinations with color duplex ultrasound and/or arteriography were carried out to determine the patency.The improvement of clinical symptoms after operation was analyzed.Results 17 limbs were revascularization successfully,2 limbs were turned to bypass operation,3 limbs were judged untreatable.The technical success rate is 77.3%,and the clinical improvement of symptoms was achieved in 100% of the 17 limbs on which the procedure was successful.The 17 limbs were followed up for a mean of 12.5 months(range 3-33 months).One patient died of cardia infarction one month postoperatively.SFA occlusion happened in 4 limbs.At one year postoperatively,the patency rate was 75%(13/17)after primary operation.Conclusions Primary endovascular treatment of SFA occlusion diseases is a safe,minimally invasive,and effective method.

Objective To investigate the loss of heterozygosity at 17 microsatellites of 10 chromosome arms in 68 resected specimens of esophageal cancer, and the relationship to the clinicopathological phenotypes of patients. Methods 68 tumor specimens (20 well-differentiated squamous carcinomas, 30 moderately differentiated carcinomas and 18 poorly differentiated carcinomas) and their matched blood samples were analyzed for LOH at 17 microsatellites by using PCR and fluorescence-based DNA sequencing technology, and the association of LOH with the clinicopathological phenotypes of patients was compared statistically. Results The lowest detection frequency of LOH in our subjects was observed at D8S261 with 33. 3%, and the highest frequency was at D9S125 with 85. 2%. There were 12 markers with the frequency of LOH higher than 50.0%, and 3 markers (D3S1597, D3S1285 and D9S125) with the frequency higher than 75. 0%. There was a significant difference in the frequency of LOH at D9S111 and D13S153 between tumors with different histological grades. LOH at D9S111 was observed in 2 of 12 tumors with well differentiation in 14 of 20 tumors with moderate differentiation, and in 14 of 16 tumors with poor differentiation. LOH at DI3S153 was observed in 2 of 8 tumors with well differentiation, in 12 of 28 tumors with moderate differentiation, and in 11 of 12 tumors with poor differentiation. There was a significant difference in the frequency of LOH at D8S261 between tumors with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis. LOH at D8S261 was found in 1 of 14 tumors with lymph node metastasis, and in 12 of 22 tumors without lymph node metastasis. Conclusions The widespread and frequent loss of heterozygosity may exist in esophageal cancer, and the candidate genes located in the site of frequent LOH may be involved in the development of this cancer; LOH at D9S11 and D13S153 are more commonly observed in the patients with higher histological grades, the tumors with LOH at D8S261 may have a low tendency to lymph node involvement.