Objective To compare the efficacy of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and herombopag olamine tablets on chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia(CIT)in breast cancer.Methods Eighty-six prospectively selected breast cancer patients with CIT were randomly divided into the control group(administered rhIL-11)and the study group(administered herombopag olamine tablets),with 43 cases in each group.Before treatment and 14 days after treatment,platelet parameters[platelet count(PLT),plateletcrit(PCT),platelet distribution width(PDW)and mean platelet volume(MPV)]and flow cytometry were measured by automated hematology analyzer.Cellular immune indicators(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+)were detected by flow cytometer.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of thrombopoietin(TPO)and interleukin-11(IL-11).The above parameters were compared between the two groups,and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was recorded.Results After treatment,PLT,PCT,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,TPO and IL-11 in both groups were higher than before treatment,and which was higher in the study group than the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,PDW,MPV and CD8+of both groups were lower than before treatment,and the study group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both rhIL-11 and herombopag olamine tablets are effective in treating breast cancer with CIT.Compared with rhIL-11,herombopag olamine tablets have more advantages in improving platelet parameters,cellular immune indicators,TPO and IL-11,and do not increase the adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate changes and clinical significance of serum cytokine signaling inhibitor-1(SOCS-1),soluble myeloid triggering receptor-2(sTREM-2)and ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.Methods A total of 100 patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected as the infection group,and 70 healthy subjects in our hospital were selected as the control group.According to the pneumonia severity index(PSI)score,patients of the infection group were divided into the severe group(PSI>90,32 cases)and the mild group(PSI≤90,68 cases).The expression levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in the infection group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2,ACLY and PSI scores in the infection group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors affecting the disease status of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The diagnostic value of serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the infection group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).In infection group,serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were positively correlated with PSI scores(r=0.419,0.373,0.391,P＜0.05).Serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the severe group than those in the mild group(P＜0.01).The elevated serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were risk factors for severe disease in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY alone and in combination for the diagnosis of severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection were 0.787,0.837,0.847 and 0.929,respectively,and the combined diagnostic efficiency was the highest.Conclusion Serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY are elevated in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection,and their expression levels are related to the condition of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The combined detection of the three is better than testing alone for severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Recently, intelligent care is gradually changing the traditional care way, and artificial intelligence (AI) application is gradually broadening in the field of assisted reproduction. This review systematically analyzes the AI application in multiple aspects of reproductive health care. It also indicates the challenge during the process, including data privacy, technical reliability, ethics and legal provisions, and humanistic care. Both the opportunities of AI in assisted reproduction are highlighted and the ensuing problems are analyzed in depth. The purpose is to provide ideas for future studies to ensure that AI technology can be safely, efficiently and responsibly integrated with the field of reproductive health care.

Objective The progression of pulmonary fibrosis is a common clinical issue after acute lung injury(ALI).We aimed to construct a model simulating clinical ALI-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repeated challenges with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).We then observed the development from ALI to pulmonary fibrosis,to explore the possible mechanisms mediating the transition from inflammatory injury to fibrosis.Methods Mice were treated with LPS(1,2,4,8 mg/kg)intranasally to induce ALI.At 7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d,35 d,and 42 d after modeling respectively,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),collagen 1(Col-1),and hydroxyproline levels in lung tissue,and collagen fiber deposition were observed by Masson staining and compared to determine the process and degree of fibrosis formation in different modeling method.Expression changes in interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 in lung tissue at each time point were detected to explore the mechanisms of fibrosis formation.Results Treatment of mice with 1,4,and 4 mg/kg LPS for 3 consecutive days(M-1 group)result ed in a stable ALI-induced pulmonary fibrosis model.Masson staining showed that α-SMA,Col-1,hydroxyproline,and collagen fiber deposition in the lung tissue began to increase in M-1 group mice in a time-dependent manner after 7 d.Collagen deposition in the lung tissue interstitium was significantly increased at 21 d post-modeling,and fibrosis indicators were significantly increased at 28 d,compared with control mice.Collagen deposition continued to increase until 42 d.Hydroxyproline and collagen fibers in the lung tissue in the other model groups with different doses and hit times did not increase significantly compared with the control group.TGF-β1 expression detected by Western blot began to increase gradually 14 d after modelling in the M-1 group,and was significantly higher than in the control group at 28 d.The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β increased significantly on day 7(acute phase),and TNF-α expression continued to increase until 28 d,while IL-1β gradually decreased after day 7.TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissue both continued to decrease after the acute phase in the other model groups without fibrosis.Conclusions LPS 1,4,and 4 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days can be used to construct an ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome-induced pulmonary fibrosis model,via a mechanism that may be related to the sustained high expression of TNF-α regulating TGF-β1 to induce fibroblast activation and proliferation.

Objective To compare the efficacy of recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11)and herombopag olamine tablets on chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia(CIT)in breast cancer.Methods Eighty-six prospectively selected breast cancer patients with CIT were randomly divided into the control group(administered rhIL-11)and the study group(administered herombopag olamine tablets),with 43 cases in each group.Before treatment and 14 days after treatment,platelet parameters[platelet count(PLT),plateletcrit(PCT),platelet distribution width(PDW)and mean platelet volume(MPV)]and flow cytometry were measured by automated hematology analyzer.Cellular immune indicators(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+)were detected by flow cytometer.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of thrombopoietin(TPO)and interleukin-11(IL-11).The above parameters were compared between the two groups,and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was recorded.Results After treatment,PLT,PCT,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,TPO and IL-11 in both groups were higher than before treatment,and which was higher in the study group than the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,PDW,MPV and CD8+of both groups were lower than before treatment,and the study group was lower than the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both rhIL-11 and herombopag olamine tablets are effective in treating breast cancer with CIT.Compared with rhIL-11,herombopag olamine tablets have more advantages in improving platelet parameters,cellular immune indicators,TPO and IL-11,and do not increase the adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate changes and clinical significance of serum cytokine signaling inhibitor-1(SOCS-1),soluble myeloid triggering receptor-2(sTREM-2)and ATP citrate lyase(ACLY)in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.Methods A total of 100 patients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected as the infection group,and 70 healthy subjects in our hospital were selected as the control group.According to the pneumonia severity index(PSI)score,patients of the infection group were divided into the severe group(PSI>90,32 cases)and the mild group(PSI≤90,68 cases).The expression levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in the infection group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson method was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2,ACLY and PSI scores in the infection group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors affecting the disease status of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The diagnostic value of serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The levels of white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the infection group than those in the control group(P＜0.01).In infection group,serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were positively correlated with PSI scores(r=0.419,0.373,0.391,P＜0.05).Serum levels of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were higher in the severe group than those in the mild group(P＜0.01).The elevated serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY were risk factors for severe disease in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY alone and in combination for the diagnosis of severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection were 0.787,0.837,0.847 and 0.929,respectively,and the combined diagnostic efficiency was the highest.Conclusion Serum SOCS-1,sTREM-2 and ACLY are elevated in patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection,and their expression levels are related to the condition of patients with pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.The combined detection of the three is better than testing alone for severe pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

6-Shogaol is an active component of gingerol in zingiber,which can be converted from 6-Gingerol under acidic and heating conditions.Modern research shows that 6-Shogaol has rich pharmacological activities,and it is found that 6-Shogaol has stronger anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and antioxidant activities than 6-Gingerol.In this article,the preparation technology and pharmacological effects of 6-Shogaol were reviewed,and the extraction and separation methods of 6-Shogaol,as well as the targets and pathways involved in the process of exerting its pharmacological effects,were summarized,which could lay the foundation for the comprehensive development and clinical application of 6-Shogaol.

AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with the recurrence of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO-ME)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)therapy.METHODS:A total of 32 patients(32 eyes)with BRVO-ME who were treated at the ophthalmology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from February 2021 to June 2022 were selected. They were treated with a 3+pro re nata (PRN)anti-VEGF regimen and followed up for 6 mo. Following 3 consecutive anti-VEGF injections, patients were categorized into a non-recurrence group and a recurrence group based on central macular thickness(CMT)measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT)at 6 mo post-treatment. Aqueous humor levels of various cytokines levels were quantified using suspension assay method. Demographic characteristics, CMT, and cytokine levels were compared between the two groups, and their correlations with the recurrence of BRVO-ME after anti-VEGF treatment were analyzed.RESULTS:At 6 months post-treatment, ME resolved in 19 eyes(no recurrence group), while 13 eyes showed persistent or recurrent ME(recurrence group). Compared to baseline, the CMT significantly improved in both groups at 1 d, 1, and 6 mo post-treatment(all P<0.05). However, the recurrence group exhibited significantly higher baseline, 1 d and 6 mo post-treatment CMT values than the non-recurrence group(all P<0.05). The aqueous humor levels of VEGF and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)at baseline were significantly higher in the recurrence group than the non-recurrence group(all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive associations between baseline CMT and interlukin IL-1β, IL-5, IL-12, MCP-1 and IP-10 levels(all P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis identified baseline CMT and MCP-1 levels as independent risk factors for BRVO-ME recurrence(OR>1, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Elevated baseline CMT and aqueous humor MCP-1 levels were identified as independent risk factors for BRVO-ME recurrence after anti-VEGF therapy. Patients exhibiting higher baseline CMT and MCP-1 levels demonstrated significantly increased susceptibility to recurrence.

Acute lung injury （ALI） is a clinically critical disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis， with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary inflammation caused by trauma， infection， and other factors in vivo and in vitro can damage alveolar epithelial and vascular endothelial barriers， resulting in lung tissue congestion and edema and eventually leading to significant dyspnea and hypoxemia， It can further develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxidative stress is one of the pathogenesis of ALI. A large number of reactive oxygen species （ROS） can promote the aggregation of inflammatory cells， increase pulmonary capillary permeability， and even directly damage lung tissue. Therefore， regulating oxidative stress becomes one of the effective means to reduce the degree of lung injury. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， ALI is divided into the categories of "sudden wheezing" and "dyspnea due to wheezing". TCM treats the causes of dampness， heat， poison， and stasis by syndrome differentiation and treatment， regulates Qi and blood， and balances Yin and Yang to restore the physiological function of the lung. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown that TCM can regulate ROS through multiple targets and mechanisms and play a role in reducing lung inflammation and protecting alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial vessels， in which the nuclear factor E₂ associated factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway plays an important role. Based on the generation and clearance of ROS， this article summarized the related mechanisms of TCM monomers， TCM pairs， and TCM compounds in regulating oxidative stress to prevent ALI， so as to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of new TCM for ALI and clinical treatment.