OBJECTIVE To establish a content determination method for multiple components in Sophora flavescens from different origins and to evaluate its quality by combining with chemometrics. METHODS Thirteen batches （No. K1-K13） of S. flavescens from different origins were selected as test samples. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） method was established to determine the contents of 12 components， including matrine， oxymatrine， betaine， cytisine， N-methylcytisine， sophoridine， genistein， sophoricoside， sophorone， formononetin， sophorolone Ⅰ and norkurarinone in S. flavescens. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol （A） and water containing 0.1% formic acid （B）， using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min， column temperature of 35 ℃， and an injection volume of 3 μL. Mass spectrometry was conducted using an electrospray ionization source with positive and negative ion scanning. Data were collected in segments using the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） and grey relational analysis （GRA）methods were employed to compare and comprehensively evaluate the 13 batches of S. flavescens from different origins. RESULTS The methodological validation for the content determination met the relevant regulatory requirements. The contents of the 12 components were 490.66-1 231.00， 11 088.10- 18 021.50， 7.91-25.38， 903.97-1 713.64， 336.08-1 485.54，1 065.33-2 075.50， 27.52-71.80， 109.36-517.83， 6 034.55-10 632.73， 21.26-145.35， 814.84-1 911.32， 1 040.87-3 446.37 μg/g）， respectively. TOPSIS results showed that the top 7 samples in Euclidean distance ranking were K6， K12， K11， K3， K5， K10， K13. The GRA results showed that the top 7 samples in the relative correlation ranking were K12， K11， K10， K6， K13， K5， K3. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC-MS/MS method is rapid， accurate， highly sensitive， stable and reliable. Combined with chemometrics methods， it can be used for the quality control and evaluation of S. flavescens. The comprehensive quality of samples K3， K5， K6（ from Hebei）， K10（ from Sichuan）， K11-K13（ from Shanxi）， etc. is relatively superior.

Objective:To establish a mice model that is more in line with the human immunocompromised state,and to inves-tigate the regulatory effect of Rosa laevigata Michx.,probiotics and their combination on their immune function.Methods:Immunosup-pressive model of mice was established by using cyclophosphamide with different dosage,time and end point,and compared with im-munosuppressive model induced by hydrocortisone and cyclosporine A,immunosuppressive model of mice was established by injecting 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide 7 times every other day,without recovery period;changes in the proportion of lymphocytes in spleen(CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,CD19+B cells)were analyzed by flow cytometry;qRT-PCR was used to detect expression levels of inflam-matory factors(IL-1β and IL-6)mRNA in spleen.Results:After continuous injection of 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide for 3 days,the thymus was atrophied,the spleen was significantly swelling,proportion of immune cells CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and CD19+B cells in spleen were significantly decreased,while mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated.After 7 injections of 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide every other day,the thymus and the spleen were significantly atrophied,proportion of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in spleen showed an increasing trend,and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated;after 1 week or 2 weeks recovery period from cyclophosphamide injection,weight and index of immune organs,proportion of spleen lymphocytes and mRNA expres-sions of inflammatory cytokines in spleen were significantly reversed;Rosa laevigata Michx.combined with probiotics could signifi-cantly reverse the up-regulation of CD4+T cells and inflammatory factor IL-1β caused by cyclophosphamide.Conclusion:In this study,an immunocompromised mice model has been established with 7 injections of 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide every other day and without recovery period.And a certain positive immunomodulatory effect of the combination of Rosa laevigata Michx.and probiotics has been found.

Objective To compare the efficacy of three different methods in the prevention of adhesion after the HEOS system for different degrees of intrauterine adhesions.Methods 284 patients with mild,moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions,who were treated with the HEOS system,were divided into three groups,the intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group A,Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group B,and sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group C only.The recovery of uterine adhesion,improvement of menstruation,endometrial thickness,and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results The mild intrauterine adhesions group showed statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Group A had a higher menstrual improvement rate than Group C(P<0.017),and there was no significant difference in other therapeutic indicators(P>0.017).However,the adverse reaction rate in Group A was also higher than that in Group C(P<0.017).In the moderate intrauterine group,there was a significant difference in the improvement rate of intrauterine adhesions between Group B and the other two groups(P<0.017).Group A and B were higher than Group C in terms of menstrual status,endometrial thickness,and adverse reactions(P<0.017).In severe intrauterine adhesions,Group A had higher efficacy indicators than other groups(P<0.017).Conclusions The curative effect index and adverse reaction rate were analyzed,after operation.For the light,moderate,and severe intrauterine adhesions,sodium hyaluronate gel,Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel,and intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel were the best choice for adhesion.Individual and hierarchical management can achieve good clinical effects,which is worth popularizing.

Objective:To establish an evaluation model for occupational hazard prevention and control levels in coal mines, to explore the combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, to evaluate the overall situation of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines.Methods:In November 2021, Collect information of occupational hazards and their prevention and control status in 30 coal mines. AHP model was first constructed for the elements of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines. Then, the AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to comprehensively evaluate and grade the occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines, using the principles of maximum membership and weighted average.Results:The hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results for typical coal mine were basically consistent with its occupational hazard prevention and control situation. The dust prevention and control situation was good, the noise prevention and control situation is average, the occupational health monitoring situation was good, the occupational health management situation was average, and the overall level of occupational hazard prevention and control was good.Conclusion:The hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for occupational hazard prevention and control levels, combined with the principles of maximum membership and weighted average, can objectively evaluate and reflect the overall situation of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines.

Objective:To establish an evaluation model for occupational hazard prevention and control levels in coal mines, to explore the combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, to evaluate the overall situation of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines.Methods:In November 2021, Collect information of occupational hazards and their prevention and control status in 30 coal mines. AHP model was first constructed for the elements of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines. Then, the AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to comprehensively evaluate and grade the occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines, using the principles of maximum membership and weighted average.Results:The hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results for typical coal mine were basically consistent with its occupational hazard prevention and control situation. The dust prevention and control situation was good, the noise prevention and control situation is average, the occupational health monitoring situation was good, the occupational health management situation was average, and the overall level of occupational hazard prevention and control was good.Conclusion:The hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for occupational hazard prevention and control levels, combined with the principles of maximum membership and weighted average, can objectively evaluate and reflect the overall situation of occupational hazard prevention and control in coal mines.

We previously identified a unique nucleus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus. This study aims to understand its gene architecture and preliminarily suggest its functions. The results showed that there were about 19,666 genes in this nucleus, of which 913 were distinct from the dorsal raphe nucleus (non-CSF contacting). The top 40 highly-expressed genes are mainly related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, secretion, and hydrolysis. The main neurotransmitter is 5-HT. The receptors of 5-HT and GABA are abundant. The channels for Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ are routinely expressed. The signaling molecules associated with the CaMK, JAK, and MAPK pathways were identified accurately. In particular, the channels of transient receptor potential associated with nociceptors and the solute carrier superfamily members associated with cell membrane transport were significantly expressed. The relationship between the main genes of the nucleus and life activities is preliminarily verified.
Rats ; Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism*

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians, for evidences in further optimizing the allocation of pediatrician resources and formulating relevant policies in China.Methods:According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the " China Health and Health Statistics Yearbook", descriptive analysis was made to investigate the changes in the number and workload of pediatricians in China from 2010 to 2019.Results:During 2010 and 2019, the number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) increased from 115 800 to 158 500, and the growth rate was faster than that of the children aged 0-14 years, but slower than that of overall medical practitioners(assistants). The number of pediatric practitioners(assistants) per thousand children in China had grown steadily from 0.52 to 0.67, compared with the burden and the workload of medical practitioners nationwide, the workload of pediatricians was still relatively heavy.Conclusions:The number of pediatricians had increased gradually between 2010 and 2019, and the effects of various policies began to work, while the workload was still heavy. It is recommended to further develop a salary system and supporting policies in line with the characteristics of pediatrics sector, and focus on such problems as unbalanced and inadequate distribution of pediatricians.

Myasthenia gravis crisis (MC) often involves respiratory muscles and requires mechanical ventilation urgently. As non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) technology unceasing development, its use in acute respiratory failure caused by MC shows obvious advantages. However, how to identify the occurrence of MC at early stage, predict the relevant indicators of NIV for MC treatment, and apply different ventilation strategies to improve the effect of treatment are worthy of attention. In addition, the new development of NIV modes in recent years also provides new direction for the treatment of MC. Therefore, this article reviews recent advance in the clinical application of NIV in MC to provide clinical references.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 （ginsenoside Rg1） on cell apoptosis， oxidative stress and inflammation in young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage （HIBD）. 【Methods】 Young Wistar rats were divided into healthy control group， model group （HIBD）， and HIBD+ginsenoside Rg1 group. Jumping test was used to detect the number of mistakes in each group of rats， brain tissue wet and dry weight method was used to calculate the brain water content and brain index of each group of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the degree of brain damage； TUNEL staining to observe the apoptosis level of brain tissue； Nissl body staining to detect neuronal cell apoptosis； Western blot to detect brain tissue Bax/Bcl-2， caspase-3， caspase-9 protein expressions； malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity detection kit to detect MDA and SOD content， respectively； and ELISA to detect peripheral blood IL-6， iNOS， IL-4 contents. 【Results】 Compared with the model group， 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced the number of mistakes in the jumping-off test of HIBD young rats， and brain index brain water rate and neuronal cell apoptosis （P<0.05）； alleviated brain tissue damage； down-regulated the protein expression levels of Bax/Bcl-2， cleaved cas9/cas9 and cleaved cas3/cas3 （P<0.05）； reduced IL-6 and iNOS protein content； and increased IL-4 protein content （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 Ginsenoside Rg1 improves brain tissue damage in young HIBD mice and inhibits neuronal cell apoptosis.