Objective:To explore the development and interaction between chronotype and depressive symp-toms among middle school students in Chongqing.Methods:A total of 1208 middle school students(613 in grade 7,595 in grade 10)were surveyed for three follow-ups at 6-month intervals.Periods T1-T3 represented baseline,6 months later,and 12 months later,respectively.Chronotype and depressive symptoms were measured by the Morn-ing and Evening Questionnaire-5(MEQ-5)and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).Analyses were per-formed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3.Results:The MEQ-5 scores were lower in T1 than in T3,and the scores were lower in T2 than in T1 and T3(F=20.08,P＜0.001),suggesting a fluctuating trend of chronotype shifting to the Evening-type first after baseline and then to the Morning-type.The PHQ-9 scores exhibited a significant differ-ence among the three-time measurements(x2/df=9.77/2,P＜0.01).But pairwise comparisons did not yield any statistically significant findings(P＞0.05).The cross-lagged panel model showed that pathways of Ti MEQ-5 scores negatively predicted Ti+1 PHQ-9 scores(βTi-Ti+1=-0.12/-0.09,P＜0.05)and TiPHQ-9 scores nega-tively predicted Ti+1 MEQ-5 scores(βTi-Ti+1=-0.07/-0.11,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Chronotype and depressive symptoms show some changes in adolescents.The more inclined adolescents are to the Evening-type,the higher the likelihood of depressive symptoms occurring later.The more severe the depressive symptoms,the greater the likeli-hood of a subsequent shift to the Evening-type.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the influence of depression severity, disease course, treatment status, and other factors on cognitive function in adolescents with depressive disorders. Methods: Participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic data of each participant were recorded, including age, sex, and family history of mental disorders. Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to assess depression status in adolescents. Moreover, P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) were used to objectively evaluate the participants’ cognitive function. Results: Only 26.8% of the adolescents with depression received standard antidepressant treatment. The latencies of N2 (267.80±23.34 ms), P3 (357.71±32.09 ms), and MMN (212.10±15.61 ms) in the adolescent depression group were longer than those in the healthy control group (p<0.01). Further analysis revealed that the latency of MMN was extended with increased levels of depression in adolescents.The MMN latency was short in participants with depression receiving standardized treatment. Furthermore, the latency of MMN was positively correlated with the severity and duration of depression (correlation coefficients were 0.465 and 0.479, respectively) (p<0.01). Conclusion Receiving standardized treatment and shortening the course of depression can reduce cognitive impairment in adolescents with depression.

Artemsia argyi Levl.et Vant is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and moxibustion raw material plant,so far has more than two thousand years of medicinal history,as one of the most commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.The incopat patent database was used to search the worldwide patent data of the last 20 years,and a total of 25279 argyi related patents were retrieved.The pattern of argyi patents was analyzed from the perspectives of global application trend,main technical fields,national economy composition,applicant ranking,patent value and other aspects by means of graph combination.The analysis shows that the innovation and development of argyi is in the stage of rapid development;The medical,Chinese patent medicine,cosmetics and physiotherapy of argyi are the hot research and development of current technology;There are a large number of patents related to argyi in the world,but they are mainly distributed in China and South Korea.Among them,the number of patents related to argyi in China reaches 20381,far higher than that in other countries,but the number of high-value patents is not very large,and the value and quality of patents are still insufficient compared with other countries.From the perspective of the current development trend of argyi,with the deepening of clinical application recognition and scientific research of argyi,there is a large patent space in the field of argyi.Patent applicants can formulate corresponding patent application strategies according to the global development opportunities,technological development status and existing weaknesses.

OBJECTIVE To investigat e the effects of water extract （WCS）and ethanol extract （ECS）from the root of Caragana sinica on hyperuricemia （HUA）in mice. METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group ， model group ，allopurinol group （positive control ，5 mg/kg），benzbromarone group （positive control ，7.8 mg/kg），WCS low-dose ， medium-dose and high-dose groups （38，75，150 mg/kg），ECS low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （50，100，200 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal control group ，the other mice were given potassium oxazinate intraperitoneally and hypoxanthine intragastrically for consecutive 7 d to establish HUA model. On the third day of modeling ，mice in each administration group were given corresponding drugs intragastrically ，and normal control group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline once a day for 5 consecutive days.The body weight of mice were weighted during administration ；one hour after the last administration ，the organ indexes of liver ，kidney and spleen were calculated ；the contents of serum uric acid （SUA）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）and serum creatinine （SCR）；the activity of xanthine oxidase （XOD）in serum and liver tissue were determined. Relative mRNA and protein expressions of XOD in liver tissue ，relative expre ssions of GLUT9，URAT1 and OAT 1 in renal tissue were all detected ；and the pathological changes of renal tissue were observed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in liver index and spleen index in each group （P＞0.05）. Compared with normal control group ， except for allopurinol group ， there were no significant differences in the body weight and the contents of BUN and SCR in mice of other administration groups （P＞0.05）；the renal index and SUA content of mice in the m odel group and allopurinol group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）；in the model group ，the XOD activity in serum and liver tissue ，the relative mRNA and protein expression of XOD in liver tissue ，the relative expressions of GLUT 9 and URAT 1 protein in renal tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.05），and the relative expression of OAT 1 protein in renal tissue was significantly decreased （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with model group ，renal indexes of mice were decreased significantly in WCS and ECS groups （P＜0.05），and the pathological damage of renal tissue was significantly improved ；SUA content ，XOD activity in serum and liver tissue ，the relative mRNA and protein expression of XOD in liver tissue ，and the relative expression of URAT 1 protein in renal tissue were decreased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05）. The relative expression of GLUT 9 protein in renal tissue of mice in benzbromarone group and ECS high-dose group decreased significantly （P＜0.05）；relative expression of OAT 1 protein in renal tissue of mice in benzbromarone group ，WCS low-dose and high-dose groups ，ECS low-dose group were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS WCS and ECS can significantly decrease the contents of SUA in HUA model mice ，and improve pathological state of renal tissue ，the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting XOD activity and uric acid reabsorption，and down-regulating protein and mRNA expression of XOD.

The method of scoping review was used to systematically search and sort out the clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke，to understand the scope of relevant research and the distribution of evidence. Three medical catalogs were manually searched to obtain the oral Chinese patent medicines used for ischemic stroke，and 7 databases were retrieved to obtain the clinical research including these oral Chinese patent medicines. Then the clinical evidence results were visualized by description combined with chart analysis. A total of 68 oral Chinese patent medicines were retrieved，and 1 392 articles were included，with 367 published in core journals， involving 35 oral Chinese patent medicines. The research types included randomized controlled trials，cohort studies，case series，case reports，secondary studies，adverse drug reaction reports，pharmacoeconomic evaluations，drug interactions，consensus or guidelines，non-randomized intervention studies and cross-sectional studies，of which randomized controlled trials had the largest number （283， 77.1%），followed by secondary studies and case series （25， 6.7% for each）. Among the 283 randomized controlled trials，there were 159 clinical studies in the acute phase of ischemic stroke，65 in the non-acute phase，and 59 in the unclear phase. Ten intervention control types and 20 outcome index types were summarized. Among them， the composite outcome index and surrogate outcome index were used 217 times （76.7%） and 245 times （86.6%）， respectively，followed by the degree of neurological impairment （three scales）. Future clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke should clarify the stage of the disease，and the research design should specify the advantages of oral Chinese patent medicines intervening in ischemic stroke. Furthermore， publicly-recognized positive controls should be employed，and important clinical outcome indexes should be selected.

Although different types of drugs are available for postmenopausal osteoporosis, the limitations of the current therapies including drug resistances and adverse effects require identification of novel anti-osteoporosis agents. Here, we defined that norlichexanthone (NOR), a natural product, is a ligand of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER

Primary liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors and its mortality ranks third in the world. Because there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of liver cancer, most patients are diagnosed as advanced stage, without the opportunity of surgical resection. The authors report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus, which reduced significantly after hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab and atezolizumab, showing the safety and efficacy.

Objective:To develop an age-appropriate and disease-specific social adaptation measurement tool for adolescents infected with HIV in the context of Chinese culture, and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Through literature review and consultation with 8 experts, this study constructed the conceptual framework of social adaptation of adolescents infected with HIV and formulated the dimensions and items of the scale. The convenient sampling method was adopted, and questionnaires were distributed online and offline at Beijing Ditan Hospital, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from October 2020 to February 2021 for questionnaire validity testing. A preliminary age-specific and disease-adaptable Social Adaptation Scale for HIV Infected Adolescents was prepared using methods such as project analysis and reliability and validity testing.Results:The scale consisted of 3 dimensions of cognition, emotion and will, 5 variables, and a total of 23 items. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.856, and the split reliability was 0.836. The item-level content validity index ( I- CVI) of the scale was 0.750-1.000, the scale-level content validity index ( S- CVI) was 0.940, and the scale score and subjective well-being scale score were positivelycorrelated ( P<0.05) . Factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, and the cumulative explanatory variable was 61.156%. Conclusions:The scale has good reliability, validity and feasibility, which can be used as an evaluation tool for social adjustment of HIV-infected adolescents in China.

OBJECTIVE：To study the regulatory effects of stilbene glucosid e（TSG）on c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）and protein phosphortase 2B（PP2B）in APP/PS1/Tau transgenic dementia （3×Tg-AD）mice，and to explore its potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. METHODS ：Totally 45 male 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into model group ，positive control group （huperzine A ，0.15 mg/kg），TSG low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.033，0.1，0.3 g/kg），with 9 mice in each group. Another 9 normal male C 57BL/6J mice were included into normal control group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 60 d. Normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically. After medication ，Morris water maze experiment was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of mice in each group ；Nissl staining was used to observe the changes of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus ；mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and PP 2B were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS：Compared with normal control group ，the escape latency was significantly prolonged （P＜0.01），the retention time of the original platform quadrant was significantly shortened （P＜ and the times of crossing the platform was significantly reduced in model group （P＜0.01）；the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly 729011126@qq.com reduced，the staining was slight ；the relative expressions of JNK mRNA and protein were significantly increased （P＜ 0.01），and the relative expressi ons of PP 2B mRNA and protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the escape latency was significantly shortened in positive control group and TSG groups （P＜0.01）；the retention time of the original platform quadrant was significantly prolonged （P＜0.01）；the times of crossing the platform was significantly increased （P＜0.01）；the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was increased significantly ，the staining was heavy ；the relative expression of JNK protein was significantly decreased（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），the relative expressions of PP 2B mRNA and protein were significantly increased （P＜0.01）， while the relative expression of JNK mRNA was significantly decreased in TSG high-dose group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：TSG can improve the learning and memory ability and neuronal damage of 3 × Tg-AD mice. The mechanism may be related to down-regulating the transcription and expression of protein kinase JNK ，up-regulating the transcription and expression of protein phosphatase PP 2B.

OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of stilbene glycosidec （TSG） on okadaic acid （OA）-induced Tau protein phosphorylation in NG108-15 cells， and to investigate the potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease （AD） mechanism of this compound. METHODS： AD model of NG108-15 cells was induced by OA. The survival rate of NG108-15 cells was observed by MTT assay after pretreated with low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose of TSG （50， 100， 200 μmol/L）. The apoptosis of NG108-15 cells was detected by AO/EB double fluorescence staining. The protein and mRNA expression of CDK5 and GSK3β， and the protein expression of Tau and p-Tau were detected by Western blotting assay and RT-PCR. The distribution of CDK5， GSK3β and Tau protein were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS： The normal morphology of NG108-15 cells was observed in normal control group， but CDK5， GSK3β and Tau protein were not found or few was found. Contracted or globular early apoptotic cells were observed in model gorup； the distribution of CDK5， GSK3β and Tau protein was increased， while survival rate of the cells was decreased； protein and mRNA expression of CDK5 and GSK3β as well as ratio of the relative expression of p-Tau to that of Tau （p-Tau/Tau） were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After pretreatment of TSG， the distribution of early apoptotic cells as well as CDK5， GSK3β and Tau protein were all decreased to some extent in administration groups， while survival rates of the cells were increased significantly. Protein expression of CDK5 and p-Tau/Tau in medium-dose group and high-dose group as well as mRNA expression of CDK5， protein and mRNA expression of GSK3β in administration group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： TSG can protect against AD model cells， the effects of which may be associated with improving survival rate of the cells， down-regulating the protein expression and gene transcription level of phosphokinase CDK5 and GSK3β， inhibiting Tau protein phosphorylation.