Keio University conducted practical training based on community diagnosis as part of an interprofessional education program involving three healthcare faculties: the School of Medicine, the Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, and the Faculty of Pharmacy. This training took place in Wakkanai City (Hokkaido), Minakami Town (Gunma), and Mino City (Gifu). Students engaged in data collection, hypothesis setting, fieldwork-based hypothesis verification, and explored solutions to community issues. Through this process, they learned about the importance of experiencing residents' daily lives firsthand, the interconnectedness of various community factors, and collaborative approaches to problem-solving. The program offered students the opportunity to understand community dynamics and teamwork, while engaging in active trial-and-error learning that fostered independent learning and problem-solving skills.

A 54-year-old female had left femoral incarcerated hernia. One month later, she received a radical operation for it, but was admitted to our hospital twice because of ileus. Various tests showed no mechanical intestinal obstruction, but small-intestinal edema. She was transferred to our department to receive Kampo medicine. She could not eat any food and her weight decreased from 47 to 37.5 kg. We therefore administered intravenous hyperalimentation. She had a cold sweat on her face and was prone to bed rest because of severe abdominal pain as if in labor, and general fatigue. Her skin was dry, her radial pulse was weak and her abdominal tonus was weak. In addition, lower abdominal tension was more intense than upper and we could observe bowel movements from her skin. At first, we administered bushikobeito, but it had no effect. Referring to her abdominal findings, we considered that daikenchuto and tokikenchuto were compatible in her case, and after changing to chukenchutokatoki her abdominal pain disappeared in 5 days. Thus, Kampo medicine was effective for post-operative pseudo-obstruction.

Object : Through understanding feelings of residents in the face of the large-scale rationalization of medical resources and their views about the new system of community medicine, we clarify how we should streamline community medicine along the opinion of residents living in local areas.
Methods : We interviewed some residents in the face of the economic collapse in X city. Through the interviews, we qualitatively analyzed their feelings that they had concerning the large-scale rationalization of medical resources and their views about community medicine in the future.
Results : We found three common themes with regard to how to streamline community medicine along the residents' opinions : the way of the rationalization of medical resources, the state of community medicine, and the attitude of the municipal government and medical institutions.
Conclusion : To carry out streamlining community medicine, it is important for the municipal government and medical institutions to take account of residents' opinions more seriously in the process and the content of the rationalization of medical resources, and to understand the social background of the community and residents' feelings more deeply.

A case of a 51-year old male with pulmonary valve endocarditis accompanied by aortic regurgitation, and ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva sinus was reported. Repeated blood cultures grew α-streptococcus on a single occasion. After medical treatment, resection of pulmonary valve vegetation, resection and patch closure of aneurysm, and aortic valve replacement were performed successfully. Twenty one cases of pulmonary valve endocarditis reported in Japan, including our case, were collected and reviewed. Causative organism was streptococcus in 93% of cases. No case of intravenous drug abuse was found in this series. A variety of preexisting heart diseses were found in 20 cases out of 21 (95%). All these diseases were congenital ones, such as ven-tricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis and ruptured aneurysm of Valsalva sinus. This fact means that jet lesion of pulmonary valve is a major predisposing factor of pulmonary valve endocarditis. Surgical procedures were reported in 12 cases: resection of vegetation in 4 cases, resection of pulmonary valve in 2, and pulmonary valve replacement in 5. Appropriate surgical procedures should be chosen, depending upon the activity of infective endocarditis, severity of destruction of the valve, and pulmonary vascular resistance.