Objective To study the effects of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction on factors related to bone destruction and bone protection in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)based on osteopro-tegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK)signaling pathway.Methods According to the body weight,60 female Wistar rats were randomly di-vided into the following six groups:the normal group,the model group,the Triperygium wilfordii mul-tiglucoside group(0.01 g/kg),the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-dose group(8.6 g/kg),the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction medium-dose group(17.2 g/kg),and the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction high-dose group(34.4 g/kg)(n=10 rats per group).The rats in all groups except for the normal group were given 100 μg bovine type Ⅱ collagen on the 1st and 8th days to establish the CIA model,and was injected into the left foot sole and tail root of the rats.After the successful modeling,the rats were treated by gavage for 4 weeks.The general state,body weight,and arthritis index(AI)score of rats were recorded,and the contents of RANKL and OPG in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL,RANK,and OPG in the ankle joint were determined through real-time PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results Com-pared with the normal group,the general state of the model group was poor,the toe swelling was obvious,the AI score was increased,the serum RANKL content was increased,the serum OPG content was de-creased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the degree of toe swelling and the AI score of rats in the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were decreased,the serum RANKL content was decreased,the serum OPG content was increased,the mRNA and protein expres-sions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were decreased,the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG were increased,and the RANKL/OPG ratio of the ankle joint was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can improve the destruction of joint bone in CIA rats,and its mecha-nism of action may be related to reducing RANKL level,reducing RANKL/OPG ratio,and regulating bone balance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of using " Four-Quadrant Pre-Positioning Method" combined with synchronous CT imaging to assist color doppler ultrasound in establishing an ideal puncture access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 patients with renal stones treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2021 to July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical method: the study group and the control group. The study group consisted of 64 patients who, from June 2022 to July 2023, underwent PCNL with the assistance of the four-quadrant pre-positioning method and color doppler ultrasound for puncture point localization. The control group consisted of 49 patients who underwent PCNL from May 2021 to May 2022. Based on the distribution of stones, both groups were further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1: single renal pelvis or single renal calyx stones (study group: 27 patients, control group: 20 patients). Stone length was (34.27±7.69) mm vs. (39.77±11.34) mm, respectively. Subgroup 2: renal pelvis combined with a single renal calyx stone, or multiple stones in more than two renal calyces (study group: 19 patients, control group: 15 patients). Stone length was (45.77±9.50) mm vs.(40.94±11.34) mm, respectively. Subgroup 3: staghorn or cast stones (study group: 20 patients, control group: 17 patients). Stone length was (60.03±11.59) mm vs. (58.41±15.01) mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, height, weight, side of the stone, stone length, or stone CT values between the subgroups ( P>0.05).The use of four-quadrant pre-positioning method results from multi-slice spiral CT imaging and the patient's anatomical characteristics. The 12th rib apex is taken as the origin, and the body's transverse and longitudinal axes are defined as the X and Y axes, respectively, to create the " Four Quadrants." The ideal puncture point is located within these quadrants. During the procedure, based on surface markings of the 12th rib apex, the " Four Quadrants" and ideal puncture point are identified on the patient's body surface, assisting the color doppler ultrasound in guiding the establishment of the puncture access. The puncture access establishment time, puncture first calyx success rate (criteria: for single renal pelvis or calyx stones, the first puncture access should achieve a stone-free rate >90%; for multiple renal calyx stones or staghorn stones, the first puncture access should achieve a stone-free rate >50%), surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, stone-free rate, and postoperative complications were compared between the study and control groups in each subgroup. Results:In subgroup 1, the puncture access establishment time was (4.74±2.25) minutes in the study group vs. (7.00±3.13) minutes in the control group ( P=0.006). In subgroup 2, the puncture access establishment time was (6.94±2.12) minutes in the study group vs. (9.80±2.83) minutes in the control group ( P=0.002), with the first calyx success rate being 94.7% (18/19) in the study group vs. 60.0% (9/15) in the control group ( P=0.028). The surgical time was (97.68±26.22) minutes vs. (136.29±33.00) minutes ( P=0.001).In subgroup 3, the puncture access establishment time was (8.00±2.69) minutes in the study group vs. (12.59±3.54) minutes in the control group ( P=0.001), with the first calyx success rate being 100.0% (20/20) in the study group vs. 76.5% (13/17) in the control group ( P=0.036). Intraoperative blood loss was (238.00±176.74) ml vs. (388.57±219.89) ml ( P=0.043). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of immediate postoperative stone-free rate (subgroup 1: 92.6% (25/27) vs. 95.0% (19/20), P=0.739; subgroup 2: 78.9% (15/19) vs. 73.3% (11/15), P=1.000; subgroup 3: 75.0% (15/20) vs. 70.5% (12/17), P=0.703) or complication rates (subgroup 1: 25.9% (7/27) vs. 25.0% (5/20), P=0.943; subgroup 2: 26.3% (5/19) vs. 40.0% (6/15), P=0.475; subgroup 3: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 41.2% (7/17), P=1.000). Conclusions:The four-quadrant pre-positioning method effectively assists in the use of color doppler ultrasound to establish an ideal puncture access during PCNL, reducing puncture access establishment time and improving the rationality of the puncture path. It also significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss, particularly for complex renal stones such as those in multiple renal calyces or staghorn stones, thereby enhancing the safety of the procedure.

Objective:To investigate the effect of using " Four-Quadrant Pre-Positioning Method" combined with synchronous CT imaging to assist color doppler ultrasound in establishing an ideal puncture access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 patients with renal stones treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2021 to July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical method: the study group and the control group. The study group consisted of 64 patients who, from June 2022 to July 2023, underwent PCNL with the assistance of the four-quadrant pre-positioning method and color doppler ultrasound for puncture point localization. The control group consisted of 49 patients who underwent PCNL from May 2021 to May 2022. Based on the distribution of stones, both groups were further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1: single renal pelvis or single renal calyx stones (study group: 27 patients, control group: 20 patients). Stone length was (34.27±7.69) mm vs. (39.77±11.34) mm, respectively. Subgroup 2: renal pelvis combined with a single renal calyx stone, or multiple stones in more than two renal calyces (study group: 19 patients, control group: 15 patients). Stone length was (45.77±9.50) mm vs.(40.94±11.34) mm, respectively. Subgroup 3: staghorn or cast stones (study group: 20 patients, control group: 17 patients). Stone length was (60.03±11.59) mm vs. (58.41±15.01) mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, height, weight, side of the stone, stone length, or stone CT values between the subgroups ( P>0.05).The use of four-quadrant pre-positioning method results from multi-slice spiral CT imaging and the patient's anatomical characteristics. The 12th rib apex is taken as the origin, and the body's transverse and longitudinal axes are defined as the X and Y axes, respectively, to create the " Four Quadrants." The ideal puncture point is located within these quadrants. During the procedure, based on surface markings of the 12th rib apex, the " Four Quadrants" and ideal puncture point are identified on the patient's body surface, assisting the color doppler ultrasound in guiding the establishment of the puncture access. The puncture access establishment time, puncture first calyx success rate (criteria: for single renal pelvis or calyx stones, the first puncture access should achieve a stone-free rate >90%; for multiple renal calyx stones or staghorn stones, the first puncture access should achieve a stone-free rate >50%), surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, stone-free rate, and postoperative complications were compared between the study and control groups in each subgroup. Results:In subgroup 1, the puncture access establishment time was (4.74±2.25) minutes in the study group vs. (7.00±3.13) minutes in the control group ( P=0.006). In subgroup 2, the puncture access establishment time was (6.94±2.12) minutes in the study group vs. (9.80±2.83) minutes in the control group ( P=0.002), with the first calyx success rate being 94.7% (18/19) in the study group vs. 60.0% (9/15) in the control group ( P=0.028). The surgical time was (97.68±26.22) minutes vs. (136.29±33.00) minutes ( P=0.001).In subgroup 3, the puncture access establishment time was (8.00±2.69) minutes in the study group vs. (12.59±3.54) minutes in the control group ( P=0.001), with the first calyx success rate being 100.0% (20/20) in the study group vs. 76.5% (13/17) in the control group ( P=0.036). Intraoperative blood loss was (238.00±176.74) ml vs. (388.57±219.89) ml ( P=0.043). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of immediate postoperative stone-free rate (subgroup 1: 92.6% (25/27) vs. 95.0% (19/20), P=0.739; subgroup 2: 78.9% (15/19) vs. 73.3% (11/15), P=1.000; subgroup 3: 75.0% (15/20) vs. 70.5% (12/17), P=0.703) or complication rates (subgroup 1: 25.9% (7/27) vs. 25.0% (5/20), P=0.943; subgroup 2: 26.3% (5/19) vs. 40.0% (6/15), P=0.475; subgroup 3: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 41.2% (7/17), P=1.000). Conclusions:The four-quadrant pre-positioning method effectively assists in the use of color doppler ultrasound to establish an ideal puncture access during PCNL, reducing puncture access establishment time and improving the rationality of the puncture path. It also significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss, particularly for complex renal stones such as those in multiple renal calyces or staghorn stones, thereby enhancing the safety of the procedure.

ObjectiveTo examine the interventions and health benefits of aerobic exercise for substance abusers using International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. MethodsThe PICO framework was developed and randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI dated from the inception of the databases to April, 2023. Then a systematic review was conducted. ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials involving 498 participants from three countries were included. The studies were mainly published in international journals such as International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Psychiatry Research, Mental Health and Physical Activity, BMC Sports Science, and Medicine and Rehabilitation, and covered the period from 2010 to 2022. The substance abusers in the included studies were classified into seven categories of mental and behavioral disorders, including methamphetamine dependence, cocaine dependence, cannabis dependence, opioid dependence, sedative dependence, heroin dependence, and ketamine dependence. Aerobic exercise activities included running, cycling, Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, jumping rope, climbing, etc., with a frequency of 20 to 60 minutes per session, one to ten times per week. The activity intensity was mainly concentrated in moderate to high intensity, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 weeks. The health outcomes were evaluated in six aspects: physical motor function, cognitive function, emotional functioning, medication cravings, physical fitness, and overall function and quality of life. ConclusionBased on ICD-11 and ICF, a theoretical framework was constructed to evaluate the health effects of aerobic exercise for substance abusers. Aerobic exercise could improve flexibility and balance, grip strength, vertical jump height, and sit and reach distance, as well as enhance physical fitness, strength, flexibility, speed and agility in substance abusers' physical function. In terms of cognitive function, aerobic exercise could help to improve working memory, attention and executive function, as well as cognitive and neurological functions. Aerobic exercise rehabilitation could also improve psychological health, such as anxiety, depression and fatigue, and increase the ability to resist substance dependence in substance abusers. In addition, aerobic exercise rehabilitation could improve physical fitness, such as body mass, blood pressure and blood lipid levels, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other diseases. It could also improve overall social function, increase social adaptability and quality of life, and reduce the risk of substance abuse relapse in substance abusers.

Abstract Fear of missing out is an emerging type of anxiety disorder in the context of the Internet and has showed significant impacts on physical and mental health of college students. The review provides an overview on the connotation, extension, and adverse effects, as well as potential underlying mechanisms of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students, which aims to highlight future attention, as well as prevention and intervention reference on fear of missing out in college students.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of posture and sports experience on distance perception in Paralympic athletes with lower limbs disabilities. MethodsFrom May to August, 2019, athletes were selected from the wheelchair racing team (n = 19) and the wheelchair fencing team (n = 16) in Shanghai, China. The athletes were tested the relative distance perception and absolute distance perception using the successive equal-appearing distance and blind walking tasks. ResultsThe interaction effects between sport and posture (F = 4.118, P < 0.05), sports events and distance judgment (F = 8.913, P < 0.01), and posture and distance judgment (F = 11.894, P < 0.01) were significant; while the main effects of sport (F = 7.467, P < 0.01) and posture (F = 11.918, P < 0.01) were significant; the relative distance judgment accuracy was better in the athletes of wheelchair fencing than in those of wheelchair racing, and in standing posture than those in sitting posture. ConclusionThe relative distance judgment accuracy is better for the Paralympic athletes standing and playing wheelchair fencers. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of absolute distance judgment between the different postures and the different sports.

Objective:To cultivate human-derived prostate cancer (PCa) cells via conditional reprogramming cell (CRC) technology, and establish individualized cell bank for PCa research in vitro.Methods:We obtained three fresh PCa tissue samples from different patients between January 2019 and April 2019. Then each sample was divided into two parts. One was used for cancer nature confirmation by intraoperative biopsy. Another part was sent to the laboratory and digested into single primary cancer cells with 0.25% EDTA enzyme for CRC technology. The details were described as followed: 1. The primary PCa cells were co-cultured with 3T3-J2 cells irradiated by 30 Gy (feeder cells) in conditioned medium, and observed for the growth of cell clones, 2. The feeder cells were removed by 0.25% EDTA trypsin for 1 minute before primary PCa cells digested for passage. All primary PCa cells were validated by multiple experiments such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Results:Total three cases of human-derived PCa cell lines were successfully established during 15days through CRC technology. All those primary PCa cells could be steadily and continuously passaged, which also expressed AR, CK5, CK18, P504s and PSA. FISH demonstrated that each cell line harbored≥1.6% TMPRSS2/ERG fusion and conformed to the features of PCa.Conclusion:CRC technology can be used for stable and continuous PCa cell culture in vitro.

Objective To investigate the value of heparin-binding protein(HBP) in predicting urosepsis after endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones.Methods From January to November 2018,635 cases of upper urinary tract stones treated by endoscopic lithotripsy in our hospital was analyzed.According to the 2014 edition Chinese Guidelines of the diagnosis and treatment of urosepsis,all patients were divided into two groups,the definite urosepsis group (n =53,8.3％) and the no urosepsis group (n =582,91.7％).The serum of HBP level was detected by fluorescence immunoassay technology.The serum of procalcitonin (PCT) level was detected by cyclic enhanced immunofluorescent assay.C-reactive protein (CRP) level was detected by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.White blood cells (WBC) count was performed by hematology analyzer.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed by SPSS 22 and MedCale,and areas under curves (AUC) were calculated and compared to illustrate the diagnostic power of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC.The correlation between HBP and WBC was also significant (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.05).Results The level of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC were significantly higher in the definite urosepsis group compared to the no urosepsis group.AUC of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC were 0.930,0.878,0.727 and 0.617.When the cutoff of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC were set as 51.5 ng/ml,0.41 ng/ml,64.2 mg/L and 11.7 × 109/L,the sensitivities were 89.2％,83.3％,83.5％ and 44.7％,and the specificity were 95.9％,75.6％,64.3％ and 77.1％,respectively.Conclusions The value of heparin-binding protein was superior to that of PCT,CRP and WBC in predicting urosepsis after endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones.Heparin-binding protein could be acted as a diagnostic marker for urosepsis.

With the rapid development of instrument technology , Raman spectrometer has become one of the fastest growing type of instrument in the molecular spectroscopy . In recent years , Raman spectrometer gradually emerging in the application in the domain of biology and medicine , Raman spectroscopy technology appears new development constantly in the rapid identification and classification of microorganisms because of its rapid , efficient, sensitive, noninvasive, repeatability and other unique advantages.This article describes its application in the rapid detection of bacteria , viruses and other microorganisms , and also prospects for the application of Raman spectroscopy in future clinical work .

As a novel,label-free and non-invasive detection modality,terahertz(THz,1THz=1012 Hz)spectroscopy has been widely used in various areas.For instance,in the biomedical field,it has great potentials to provide real-time scanning of living cells and tissues due to its unique advantages.Significant achievements have been reached in cell detection, related to bacterial identification, cancer cell characterization and blood cell detection.In tissue detection, the THz spectroscopy can be used to provide real-time scanning of living tissues and fast diagnosis.Furthermore, a single system which integrated THz spectroscopy and THz imaging would be able to collect information more sensitive and comprehensive. However,the clinical adaption of THz spectroscopy is still a controversial issue attributed to some intrinsic limitations and technical bottlenecks.In this article, both the application of THz spectroscopy in cell and tissue detection and the existing challenges and strategies to accelerate clinical applications were reviewed comprehensively.