Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) following total hepatectomy is a life-saving treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC recurrence after LT hinders the effectiveness of the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a pre-operative risk stratification model based on a liquid biopsy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive multi-omics study of 260 HCC patients from three centers, including clinical data, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, as well as whole-exome, single-nucleus RNA, and spatial transcriptomics from matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results: We identified cfDNA-derived copy number alteration (CNA) signatures associated with post-transplant recurrence. By integrating cfDNA-derived CNA profiles with single-cell transcriptomic data, we traced recurrence-associated cfDNA to a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within the primary tumor. These cells were embedded in a pro-metastatic microenvironment of specialized endothelial subtypes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, most recurrence-associated lesions were detectable in cfDNA prior to liver transplantation (LT). Building on these insights, we developed the ZJU Criteria based on CNA fragments and tumor markers, a pre-LT risk prediction tool that integrates conventional clinical factors with cfDNA-derived CNA signatures, and validated it using internal and independent external cohorts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that post-transplant recurrence commonly originates from advanced subclones that emerge late during tumor evolution. The ZJU Criteria provides an accurate, non-invasive strategy that significantly improves pre-LT risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.

Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for effective AIDS intervention. Methods: Newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were recruited. Demographic information, HIV testing status, infection routes and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected before antiviral treatment, and HIV-1 pol gene sequences were detected to construct molecular transmission networks. The characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases, including infection routes, time, and location were analyzed. Factors affecting infection time and location among HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hangzhou City in 2022, with 907 cases (90.07%) completing questionnaire surveys. Among them, 833 were males (91.84%), and 532 had out-of-province household registrations (58.65%). Ninety-one molecular transmission networks were established, and 276 cases were involved, with homosexual contact as the main infection route (199 cases, 72.10%). There were 311 recently infected cases (35.34%) and 569 previously infected cases (64.66%) among 880 cases whose infection time could be determined. There were 531 locally infected. cases (70.24%) and 225 imported cases (29.76%) among 756 cases whose infection location could be determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV/AIDS cases who were identified through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.055-3.175) and sought sexual partners through homosexual dating apps (OR=2.461, 95%CI: 1.193-5.234) were more likely to be recently infected; the cases who lived in Hangzhou City for more than one year (>1 to 5 years, OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.552-5.358; >5 years, OR=3.534, 95%CI: 1.382-9.804), sought sexual partners through entertainment venues (OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.390-8.935), online/social apps (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.084-5.488) and homosexual dating apps (OR=3.734, 95%CI: 1.677-8.493) were more likely to be locally infected; student cases were more likely to be infected outside Hangzhou City (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.019-0.525). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were primarily infected through homosexual contact, previously and locally. Seeking sexual partners through homosexual dating apps is an important influencing factor for recent and local infections, highlighting the need for strengthening traceback investigations of related cases.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng between 2015 and 2020. Methods Clinical data of 8,578 medical check-ups at Physical Examination Center of ou hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the last 5 years was recorded, and Logistic regression was utilized to identify the risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results The overall prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng was 14.57% in 2015-2020. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in men than in women (16.99% vs 10.98%) and highest in the 40-59 age group (18.76%). No statistical difference was reported in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) between groups (P>0.05), while statistical difference was found in diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weekly exercise frequency, daily vegetable intake, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) between two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that BMI (OR=2.794, 95% CI: 1.745-4.550), waist circumference (OR=2.586, 95% CI: 1.585-4.299), diabetes (OR=0.644, 95% CI: 1.425-2.781), hypertension (OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.121-2.290), weekly exercise ≥6h (OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.519-0.709), daily vegetable intake ≥300g (OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.467-0.652), TG (OR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.122-1.996), TC (OR=1.562, 95% CI:1.143-2.135), LDL-C (OR=1.440, 95% CI: 1.139-2.048), HDL-C (OR=0.656 , 95% CI: 0.587-0.783) , ALT (OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.056-2.183), and UA (OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.009-1.887) were risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng City from 2015 to 2020 is 14.57%, the prevalence of males is higher than that of females, and the prevalence rate is the highest in the 40-59 age group. Moreover , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , BMI , waist circumference , weekly exercise , daily vegetable intake , serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and UA are all associated with the risk of the disease.

BACKGROUND:Ossification of the ligamentum flavum was previously considered to be rare in the population.As research has progressed,its incidence rate is increasing gradually,which has aroused the interest of a large number of researchers. OBJECTIVE:To visualize and analyze the research results on ossification of the ligamentum flavum from the Web of Science Core Collection since 1999 using bibliometric methods,and to review the research history of ossification of the ligamentum flavum,highlighting important literature,summarizing research hotspots,and providing ideas for researchers to find research directions. METHODS:Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source,relevant papers on ossification of the ligamentum flavum were searched and screened.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 were used to conduct the visual analysis of annual publication volume,research countries,institutions,citations,journals,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 347 papers were included.Since 1999,the number of published papers has increased in a spiral pattern.China's research started later than Japan's,but the number of publications has come up later,with Peking University being the institution with the most publications,and Prof.Chen Zhongqiang from Peking University being the scholar with the most publications.(2)Five of the 10 most frequently cited publications were related to the surgical treatment of the disease.(3)Excluding keywords directly related to the research topic and synthetically analyzing frequencies and betweenness centralities of key words,terms such as"thoracic myelopathy,""dural ossification,""minimally invasive surgery,"and"ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament"occupied a central position in this field.(4)Keywords clustering analysis showed that clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum accounted for a large proportion of study.(5)The timeline and burst analysis of keywords revealed that"minimally invasive surgery"appeared as a keyword around 2015,with the highest burst strength and the latest burst start time,and began to receive extensive attention from researchers in 2019.The burst of the keyword"dural ossification"has not yet ended.(6)Surgical treatment for ossification of the ligamentum flavum has been at the forefront of research.Development and research of minimally invasive surgery and research on dural ossification secondary to ossification of the ligamentum flavum are both current research hotspots and possible future research trends.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of vaccine-associated immune thrombocytopenia(VA-ITP)based on the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System(VAERS), and to provide a reference for vaccine safety monitoring, vaccination prevention, and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Data from VAERS on all reported cases of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) after vaccination since the establishment of the database in 1990 to the data lock point of 7th November 2023 were analyzed retrospectively for information on such as sex, age, vaccine type, vaccine dose, and occurrence time of ITP.Results Among the 877 cases of VA-ITP, there were 868 cases of effective statistical vaccine types, involving 43 vaccine types. The top 10 vaccine types were COVID-19 vaccine(434 cases, 50%), MMR vaccine(82 cases, 9. 4%),HEPA vaccine(48 cases, 5. 5%), FLU3 vaccine(41 cases, 4. 7%), FLU4 vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), HPV4 vaccine(30 cases,3. 5%), DTAP vaccine(29 cases, 3. 3%), MMRV vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), VARZOS vaccine(17 cases, 2. 0%) and HPV9vaccine(13 cases, 1. 5%). Among the 877 reported cases, 843 cases with definite sex were counted, including 374 males and469 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1. 25. The 377 cases of patients were under 18 years of age, accounting for about 44. 7% of the total, and there was significant difference in the composition ratio of sexes among patients with VA-ITP at different ages(χ~2= 10. 029, P < 0. 05). The incidence of ITP within 8 days after vaccination, with a total of 336 cases, was39.9%, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence time composition ratio of ITP between different sexes(χ~2=3. 296, P > 0. 05). The 54. 9% of ITP occurred after the first dose of vaccine, and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of different vaccination doses between male and female recipients(χ~2= 5. 323, P > 0. 05), but there was significant difference in the composition ratio of vaccination doses among different age groups(χ~2= 30. 591, P < 0. 01).Conclusion By analyzing the summary data from VAERS database, the adverse reaction of VA-ITP was fully recognized.After clinical vaccination, attention should be focused on the platelet status of minors and the elderly, as well as those who were vaccinated within 8 days, and the continuous vaccine safety monitoring should be carried out, which is helpful to reduce the missed diagnosis of vaccine adverse events(AE) and improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

With the rapid development of interventional radiology technology, the occupational health risk of interventional radiation workers has attracted increasing attention. This paper reviews recent studies on hematological changes, DNA damage and molecular-level changes, cancer, eye lens, and other health impairments among interventional radiation workers. The aim is to provide an overview of the current research progress as well as a scientific basis for the implementation of targeted protective measures to improve the occupational health level of interventional radiology workers.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA) on perioperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p38 MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65) pathway.Methods:According to random number table method, 32 healthy SPF-grade male SD rats, aged 16 months and weighing 520~620 g, were divided into control group, short-chain fatty acid group (SCFA group), perioperative cognitive dysfunction group (PCD group) and perioperative cognitive dysfunction+ short-chain fatty acid group (SCFA+ PCD group), with 8 rats in each group. The perioperative cognitive dysfunction model was established by sevoflurane anesthesia plus internal fixation of tibial fractures. Rats in SCFA group and SCFA+ PCD group freely drank water added with SCFA for 28 days. On the 29th day, rats in SCFA+ FCD group underwent tibial fracture internal fixation surgery. Morris water maze test was performed on the 7th day after surgery to evaluate the cognitive function of rats. The Nissl bodies of hippocampus were observed by Nissl's staining. The hippocampus tissue was collected to analyze the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38 MAPK, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 by Western blot.The SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD- t test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1) The results of Morris water maze test showed that the times of crossing the original platform, the escape latency and the residence time in the original platform quadrant were statistically significant among the four groups on the 7th day after surgery ( F=13.80, 47.80, 6.46, all P<0.05). The escape latencies of the SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group were both longer than that in the control group (both P<0.05). The times of crossing the original platform in SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group were less than that of control group (both P<0.05). The residence time in the original platform quadrant in SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group was shorter than that of control group (both P<0.05).Compared with PCD group, the escape latency was shorter, the times of crossing the original platform were more and the residence time in the original platform quadrant was longer in SCFA+ PCD group (all P<0.05). (2) The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were statistically significant among the four groups ( F=184.28, 139.27, 19.40, 58.47, all P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were higher in SCFA+ PCD group (0.49±0.10, 0.60±0.05, 0.489±0.012, 0.435±0.005) and PCD group (0.85±0.05, 1.12±0.08, 0.519±0.028, 0.473±0.008) than those in control group (0.13±0.02, 0.42±0.10, 0.437±0.010, 0.362±0.013)(all P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were lower in SCFA+ PCD group than PCD group (all P<0.05). (3) The average gray value of Nissl bodies was statistically significant different among the four groups ( F=14.65, P<0.05). The average gray value of Nissl bodies was lower in SCFA+ PCD group (193.2±8.1) and PCD group (160.5±14.1) than that of control group (221.2±14.8) (both P<0.05). The average gray value of Nissl bodies was higher in SCFA+ PCD group than that in PCD group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Short-chain fatty acid attenuates cognitive dysfunction, which may be related with inhibiting p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 pathway and reducing the neuroinflammation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA) on perioperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through mitogen-activated protein kinase p38(p38 MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65) pathway.Methods:According to random number table method, 32 healthy SPF-grade male SD rats, aged 16 months and weighing 520~620 g, were divided into control group, short-chain fatty acid group (SCFA group), perioperative cognitive dysfunction group (PCD group) and perioperative cognitive dysfunction+ short-chain fatty acid group (SCFA+ PCD group), with 8 rats in each group. The perioperative cognitive dysfunction model was established by sevoflurane anesthesia plus internal fixation of tibial fractures. Rats in SCFA group and SCFA+ PCD group freely drank water added with SCFA for 28 days. On the 29th day, rats in SCFA+ FCD group underwent tibial fracture internal fixation surgery. Morris water maze test was performed on the 7th day after surgery to evaluate the cognitive function of rats. The Nissl bodies of hippocampus were observed by Nissl's staining. The hippocampus tissue was collected to analyze the expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38 MAPK, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 by Western blot.The SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and LSD- t test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1) The results of Morris water maze test showed that the times of crossing the original platform, the escape latency and the residence time in the original platform quadrant were statistically significant among the four groups on the 7th day after surgery ( F=13.80, 47.80, 6.46, all P<0.05). The escape latencies of the SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group were both longer than that in the control group (both P<0.05). The times of crossing the original platform in SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group were less than that of control group (both P<0.05). The residence time in the original platform quadrant in SCFA+ PCD group and PCD group was shorter than that of control group (both P<0.05).Compared with PCD group, the escape latency was shorter, the times of crossing the original platform were more and the residence time in the original platform quadrant was longer in SCFA+ PCD group (all P<0.05). (2) The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were statistically significant among the four groups ( F=184.28, 139.27, 19.40, 58.47, all P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were higher in SCFA+ PCD group (0.49±0.10, 0.60±0.05, 0.489±0.012, 0.435±0.005) and PCD group (0.85±0.05, 1.12±0.08, 0.519±0.028, 0.473±0.008) than those in control group (0.13±0.02, 0.42±0.10, 0.437±0.010, 0.362±0.013)(all P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were lower in SCFA+ PCD group than PCD group (all P<0.05). (3) The average gray value of Nissl bodies was statistically significant different among the four groups ( F=14.65, P<0.05). The average gray value of Nissl bodies was lower in SCFA+ PCD group (193.2±8.1) and PCD group (160.5±14.1) than that of control group (221.2±14.8) (both P<0.05). The average gray value of Nissl bodies was higher in SCFA+ PCD group than that in PCD group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Short-chain fatty acid attenuates cognitive dysfunction, which may be related with inhibiting p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 pathway and reducing the neuroinflammation.