Objective To compare the results obtained from an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chromosome image scanning and processing system, the Metafer 4 chromosome scanning and analysis system, and manual analysis of dicentric chromosomes, and to explore the feasibility of applying AI technology for dicentric chromosome detection and biological dose estimation. Methods Healthy human elbow vein blood was collected and subjected to ⁶⁰Co in vitro irradiation. Chromosome samples were prepared using conventional methods. The slides were scanned and automatically analyzed using the AI-based system and the Metafer 4 system. The results were manually analyzed and confirmed. Results The number of cells was comparable between the AI-based system and the Metafer 4 system. However, the scanning speed of the AI-based system was 4.5 seconds per image, which was significantly faster than the 7.3 seconds per image of the Metafer 4 system (t = −6.19, P < 0.05). At a confidence level of 0.7, the AI-based system demonstrated a true positive rate of 96.7% and a false positive rate of 6.5%, which were significantly better than the true positive rate (45.4%-54.5%) and false positive rate (22.2%-29.2%) of the Metafer 4 system (all P < 0.05). In the biological dose estimation, the deviation of the dose-response curve was ≤ ± 10% in the automatic analysis using the Metafer 4 system. Due to the use of the manual dose-response curve, the deviation of the AI-based System was ≤ ± 15%. However, there were no significant differences in the estimated doses when the two systems were compared with the manual analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both the AI-based chromosome image scanning and processing system and the Metafer 4 chromosome scanning and analysis system greatly improved the analysis speed of chromosome aberrations. However, the scanning speed, true positive rate, and false positive rate of the AI-based system were superior to those of the Metafer 4 system. Therefore, the AI-based system is more suitable for rapid and high-throughput biological dose estimation in large-scale radiation accidents.

This study explores the antiviral effects of Lopinavir on porcine hemagglutinating en-cephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)in vitro and in vivo.Using PHEV-infected N2a cells as an in vitro experimental model,the impact of varying concentrations of Lopinavir on PHEV replication was analyzed through Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques.The results demonstrated that Lopinavir was beneficial to PHEV replication at low-concentration,but as the concentration increased,Lopi-navir began to exert an inhibitory effect,with the most pronounced effect observed at a concentra-tion of 8 μmol/L.PHEV-infected 3-week-old male BALB/c mice were utilized in vivo experi-ments,with Lopinavir(10 mg/kg)administered intragastrically three days post-infection.Follow-ing the onset of illness in the control group,all mice were euthanized,and brain tissues were col-lected for histopathological examination.The findings indicated that Lopinavir significantly reduced the distribution of PHEV and ameliorated the pathological damage in brain tissue,and prolonged the survival time of the mice.In conclusion,Lopinavir exhibits an antiviral effect against PHEV both in vitro and in vivo,offering a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PHEV in-fections in clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the health effects of long-term occupational exposure to ionizing radiation on radiation workers in a nuclear power plant, and to provide a scientific basis for their occupational health monitoring. Methods In 2023, 183 radiation workers in a nuclear power plant were subjected to the analysis of blood cell parameters such as mean red blood cell count, white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin count, thyroid function indicators such as serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotropin, as well as the chromosomal aberration rate and micronucleus rate of the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Results The blood cell parameters, thyroid function indicators, chromosomal aberration rate, and micronucleus rate of these radiation workers in the nuclear power plant were within normal reference ranges. Comparison among radiation workers with different ages showed statistically significant differences in triiodothyronine (H = 6.98, P < 0.05) and micronucleus rate (H = 48.44, P < 0.05). Among the three groups of radiation workers with different working years, WBC was significantly different (χ² = 3.87, P < 0.05), with the lowest WBC observed in radiation workers with ≥ 20 years of service. Thyroxine (χ² = 4.01, P < 0.05) and micronucleus rate (H = 40.95, P < 0.05) also varied significantly among these three groups. Conclusion Thyroid triiodothyronine level and micronucleus rate were affected by age, while WBC, thyroid thyroxine level, and micronucleus rate were related to working years. Targeted health management should be carried out for radiation workers in nuclear power plants to improve the awareness of radiation protection and continuously enhance their health status.

This study explores the antiviral effects of Lopinavir on porcine hemagglutinating en-cephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)in vitro and in vivo.Using PHEV-infected N2a cells as an in vitro experimental model,the impact of varying concentrations of Lopinavir on PHEV replication was analyzed through Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques.The results demonstrated that Lopinavir was beneficial to PHEV replication at low-concentration,but as the concentration increased,Lopi-navir began to exert an inhibitory effect,with the most pronounced effect observed at a concentra-tion of 8 μmol/L.PHEV-infected 3-week-old male BALB/c mice were utilized in vivo experi-ments,with Lopinavir(10 mg/kg)administered intragastrically three days post-infection.Follow-ing the onset of illness in the control group,all mice were euthanized,and brain tissues were col-lected for histopathological examination.The findings indicated that Lopinavir significantly reduced the distribution of PHEV and ameliorated the pathological damage in brain tissue,and prolonged the survival time of the mice.In conclusion,Lopinavir exhibits an antiviral effect against PHEV both in vitro and in vivo,offering a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of PHEV in-fections in clinical practice.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is one of the coronaviruses susceptible to swine populations.The non-structural protein 2(NS2)encoded by its genome is fre-quently deleted during the epidemic transmission of the virus,but its biological significance re-mains unclear.In order to explore the structure and function of the NS2 protein,this study utilized platforms such as ProtParam,TMHMM,NetPhos3.1,and ExPASy to analyze its physicochemical properties,spatial structure,genetic evolution,and post-translational modification characteristics.Meanwhile,the NS2 protein was expressed in eukaryotes and transcriptome sequencing was per-formed to clarify the biological processes it participates in.The results showed that the NS2 protein consists of 233 amino acids,with a molecular weight of 26.735 kDa,and a half-life of approximately 30 hours in mammals.It includes 13 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 1 O-glyco-sylation site,with no signal peptide and strong hydrophilicity.The a-helix accounts for the highest proportion in NS2(43.78％),followed by random coils(36.05％).The homology of the NS2 pro-tein between the epidemic strains PHEV-CC14 and PHEV-JL/2008 in Northeast China is 99.57％.The NS2 protein is widely involved in the regulation of nerve-related functions,such as axon guid-ance and synaptic development.This study preliminarily clarified the biological function of the NS2 protein,providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of PHEV.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is one of the coronaviruses susceptible to swine populations.The non-structural protein 2(NS2)encoded by its genome is fre-quently deleted during the epidemic transmission of the virus,but its biological significance re-mains unclear.In order to explore the structure and function of the NS2 protein,this study utilized platforms such as ProtParam,TMHMM,NetPhos3.1,and ExPASy to analyze its physicochemical properties,spatial structure,genetic evolution,and post-translational modification characteristics.Meanwhile,the NS2 protein was expressed in eukaryotes and transcriptome sequencing was per-formed to clarify the biological processes it participates in.The results showed that the NS2 protein consists of 233 amino acids,with a molecular weight of 26.735 kDa,and a half-life of approximately 30 hours in mammals.It includes 13 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 1 O-glyco-sylation site,with no signal peptide and strong hydrophilicity.The a-helix accounts for the highest proportion in NS2(43.78％),followed by random coils(36.05％).The homology of the NS2 pro-tein between the epidemic strains PHEV-CC14 and PHEV-JL/2008 in Northeast China is 99.57％.The NS2 protein is widely involved in the regulation of nerve-related functions,such as axon guid-ance and synaptic development.This study preliminarily clarified the biological function of the NS2 protein,providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of PHEV.

OBJECTIVE To systematically sort out and evaluate the health state utility of hemophiliac patients， and to provide reliable parameters for conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluation and health technology assessment. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP， CBM， PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， Scopus and Web of Science databases， relevant literature about the measurement of health state utility in hemophiliac patients was collected from the inception to February 2023. After screening literature， extracting data and evaluating the quality of literature， meta-analysis was performed for health state utility with Stata 15.1 software. RESULTS Thirty-eight papers were finally included， with the highest and lowest health utility values of 0.90 and 0.46， respectively. Those studies mostly adopted the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire （EQ-5D） （73.7%）. Results of meta-analysis showed that health state utility of global hemophiliac patients was 0.69，95% confidence interval was 0.65- 0.74； those of patients with mild， moderate and severe hemophilia were 0.79， 0.70， and 0.64， respectively； health state utility for patients with inhibitors （0.64） was lower than that of patients without inhibitors （0.69）； health state utility for the Chinese patient population was 0.55， which was higher than that of Iranian patients （0.46）， but lower than those of other developed countries. CONCLUSIONS There is some heterogeneity in the results of the studies across countries/regions， with higher health state utility in developed countries than in developing countries. As the severity of hemophilia increases， the trend of decreasing health state utility is obvious.

Objective:To conduct stakeholder identification and problem analysis of inclusive health insurance participation in rare disease coverage based on the stakeholder perspective.Methods:A literature review and a Mitchell scale were used to identify,categorize,and analyze the relationship among the stakeholders,and qualitative interviews were conducted with identified stakeholders to explore their demands,positioning,and barriers to participation in inclusive health insurance.Results:The Healthcare Security Ad-ministration,Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission,and the primary insurer were the most influential"identified stakehold-ers"in the development of inclusive health insurance.A total of 63 concepts were coded,and the stakeholders were analyzed and de-scribed in categories of claims,roles,strengths,difficulties,and behavioral strategies.Conclusion:There were differences in the de-mands of the stakeholders,lack of clarity of roles,and lack of effective synergy.

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is the essential supporting information for the inclusion of rare disease drugs into medical insurance in China. The accurate measurement of the health state utility of rare diseas is of practical significance to the development of rare disease pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Based on the review of pharmacoeconomic evaluation requirements for rare diseases in some countries/regions, we systematically retrieved the published studies on the measurement of health state utility for 121 rare diseases in China and other countries and regions. We identified 17 591 papers in the initial review, and later selected 230 after screening. We also made a comprehensive analysis of the quality of literature, evaluation content and use of tools for measuring health state utility in rare diseases in China. Finally, we analyzed the challenges in measurement in terms of population, instruments use, and application of results and made recommendations based on analysis, hoping to provide reference for the development of rare disease health state utility measurement studies in China.

Bone defects caused by different causes such as trauma, severe bone infection and other factors are common in clinic and difficult to treat. Usually, bone substitutes are required for repair. Current bone grafting materials used clinically include autologous bones, allogeneic bones, xenografts, and synthetic materials, etc. Other than autologous bones, the major hurdles of rest bone grafts have various degrees of poor biological activity and lack of active ingredients to provide osteogenic impetus. Bone marrow contains various components such as stem cells and bioactive factors, which are contributive to osteogenesis. In response, the technique of bone marrow enrichment, based on the efficient utilization of components within bone marrow, has been risen, aiming to extract osteogenic cells and factors from bone marrow of patients and incorporate them into 3D scaffolds for fabricating bone grafts with high osteoinductivity. However, the scientific guidance and application specification are lacked with regard to the clinical scope, approach, safety and effectiveness. In this context, under the organization of Chinese Orthopedic Association, the Expert consensus for the clinical application of autologous bone marrow enrichment technique for bone repair ( version 2023) is formulated based on the evidence-based medicine. The consensus covers the topics of the characteristics, range of application, safety and application notes of the technique of autologous bone marrow enrichment and proposes corresponding recommendations, hoping to provide better guidance for clinical practice of the technique.