Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-mediated microglial phagocytosis is an energy-intensive process that plays a crucial role in amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Energy metabolic reprogramming (EMR) in microglia induced by TREM2 presents therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in AD. Jiawei Xionggui Decoction (JWXG) has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing energy supply, protecting microglia, and mitigating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. However, the mechanism by which JWXG enhances Aβ phagocytosis through TREM2-mediated EMR in microglia remains unclear. This study investigates how JWXG facilitates microglial phagocytosis and alleviates cognitive deficits in AD through TREM2-mediated EMR. Microglial phagocytosis was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining in vitro and in vivo. The EMR level of microglia was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The TREM2/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blotting in BV₂ cells. TREM2^-/- BV₂ cells were utilized for reverse validation experiments. The Aβ burden, neuropathological features, and cognitive ability in APP/PS1 mice were evaluated using ELISA kits, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the Morris water maze (MWM) test. JWXG enhanced both the phagocytosis of EMR disorder-BV₂ cells (EMRD-BV₂) and increased EMR levels. Notably, these effects were significantly reversed in TREM2^-/- BV₂ cells. JWXG elevated TREM2 expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and microglial phagocytosis in APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, JWXG reduced Aβ-burden, neuropathological lesions, and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, JWXG promoted TREM2-induced EMR and enhanced microglial phagocytosis, thereby reducing Aβ deposition, improving neuropathological lesions, and alleviating cognitive deficits.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Microglia/drug effects* ; Phagocytosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Energy Metabolism

Objective To analyze the law of acupoint selection and compatibility of acupuncture and moxibustion and the application law of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of lactational mastitis using complex network technology.Methods The clinical research literature about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis was retrieved from CNKI,CBM,Wanfang Data,VIP and PubMed from the establishment of the databases to March 15,2025.The literature was screened according to the standards to build a prescription database of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis.SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used to analyze association rules,and Gephi 0.9 software was used for complex network analysis.Results A total of 108 articles were included.141 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions were extracted,involving 74 acupoints,with a total use frequency of 677 times.The high-frequency acupoints were Jianjing,Danzhong,Rugen,Zusanli,Neiguan,etc.Specific acupoints were mainly composed of Wushu acupoints(169 times,21.10%);the acupoints were mainly distributed in the limbs(36);the most frequently used meridian was stomach meridian(168 times,24.82%).The combination of acupoints with the highest correlation was Jianjing-Neiguan-Rugen.Complex network analysis identified 22 core acupoints,with the most commonly used acupuncture method being filiform needle acupuncture(79 times).Conclusion Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis pays special attention to the selection of stomach meridian.The compatibility mode is mainly from top to bottom,and the corresponding acupoints are selected according to syndrome differentiation.

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the primary cilia of mono-cytse-macrophages and its potential mechanisms of promoting osteoclast differentiation.Methods Bone marrow-de-rived mononuclear cells(BMMCs)isolated from patients in control group and spinal tuberculosis group(TB group)were performed in vitro culture,and then cultured with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,infection model(Rv group)was constructed.Changes in cilia were observed by fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy tech-nique,a mouse spinal TB model was constructed for validating.Results Compared with the control group,the ex-pression of primary cili markers in the lesion of bone tissue of patients in TB group decreased significantly;After co-culturing with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the ratio(48.56％±7.77％vs 9.58％±5.59％)and length(4.050[3.289,4.666]μm vs 0[0,0.676]μm)of primary cilia of monocytes-macrophages in the Rv group decreased sig-nificantly;The infiltration of osteoclasts in the bone marrow cavity of spinal TB mice was obvious,and the propor-tion and length of primary cilia decreased significantly.Conclusion Intracellular infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce degradation of primary cilia in monocytes-macrophages,promote osteoclast differentiation,and exacerbate vertebral bone resorption.

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the primary cilia of mono-cytse-macrophages and its potential mechanisms of promoting osteoclast differentiation.Methods Bone marrow-de-rived mononuclear cells(BMMCs)isolated from patients in control group and spinal tuberculosis group(TB group)were performed in vitro culture,and then cultured with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,infection model(Rv group)was constructed.Changes in cilia were observed by fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy tech-nique,a mouse spinal TB model was constructed for validating.Results Compared with the control group,the ex-pression of primary cili markers in the lesion of bone tissue of patients in TB group decreased significantly;After co-culturing with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the ratio(48.56％±7.77％vs 9.58％±5.59％)and length(4.050[3.289,4.666]μm vs 0[0,0.676]μm)of primary cilia of monocytes-macrophages in the Rv group decreased sig-nificantly;The infiltration of osteoclasts in the bone marrow cavity of spinal TB mice was obvious,and the propor-tion and length of primary cilia decreased significantly.Conclusion Intracellular infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce degradation of primary cilia in monocytes-macrophages,promote osteoclast differentiation,and exacerbate vertebral bone resorption.

Objective To analyze the law of acupoint selection and compatibility of acupuncture and moxibustion and the application law of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of lactational mastitis using complex network technology.Methods The clinical research literature about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis was retrieved from CNKI,CBM,Wanfang Data,VIP and PubMed from the establishment of the databases to March 15,2025.The literature was screened according to the standards to build a prescription database of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis.SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used to analyze association rules,and Gephi 0.9 software was used for complex network analysis.Results A total of 108 articles were included.141 acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions were extracted,involving 74 acupoints,with a total use frequency of 677 times.The high-frequency acupoints were Jianjing,Danzhong,Rugen,Zusanli,Neiguan,etc.Specific acupoints were mainly composed of Wushu acupoints(169 times,21.10%);the acupoints were mainly distributed in the limbs(36);the most frequently used meridian was stomach meridian(168 times,24.82%).The combination of acupoints with the highest correlation was Jianjing-Neiguan-Rugen.Complex network analysis identified 22 core acupoints,with the most commonly used acupuncture method being filiform needle acupuncture(79 times).Conclusion Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lactational mastitis pays special attention to the selection of stomach meridian.The compatibility mode is mainly from top to bottom,and the corresponding acupoints are selected according to syndrome differentiation.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the activity of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:HUVECs were taken as the research object.The endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) short hairpin RNA(shRNA) lentivirus was employed to transfect HUVECs to knock down eNOS.HUVECs were divided in 4 groups: the scramble group, the eNOS shRNA group, the eNOS shRNA + sodium nitroprusside(SNP) group and the eNOS shRNA+ SNP+ tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) group.The protein expressions of eNOS and SOD1 dimer/monomer in cells were detected by western blot.The activity of SOD was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The NO content in cells was detected with NO fluorescence probe.The level of superoxide anion in HUVECs was detected with dihydropyridine (DHE). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was adopted to detect the apoptosis of HUVECs in situ.Results:Compared with the scramble group, the endogenous NO content (2.690±0.420 vs.15.029±2.193, P<0.01), eNOS protein expression (1.000±0.778 vs.3.141±0.199, P<0.01), SOD1 dimer/monomer ratio (4.6±1.0 vs.7.6±2.0, P<0.05) and SOD activity [(0.432±0.254) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell vs.(1.000±0.116) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell, P<0.01] were significantly decreased, while the level of intracellular superoxide anion (11.180±1.560 vs.6.146±1.007, P<0.01) and HUVECs apoptosis [75.0 (55.0, 100.0)% vs.0 (0, 0)%, P<0.01] were significantly increased in the eNOS shRNA group.Compared with the eNOS shRNA group, the content of endogenous NO (16.705±0.116 vs.2.690±0.420, P<0.01), the ratio of SOD1 dimer/monomer (7.3±2.0 vs.4.6±1.0, P<0.05) and the activity of SOD [(0.737±0.060) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell vs.(0.432±0.254) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell, P<0.05] were significantly increased, while the level of superoxide anion (6.897±1.648 vs.11.180±1.560, P<0.01) and the HUVECs apoptosis [0 (0, 0)% vs.75.0 (55.0, 100.0)%, P<0.01] were significantly decreased in the eNOS shRNA+ SNP group.Compared with the eNOS shRNA + SNP group, the ratio of SOD1 dimer/monomer (4.4±0.9 vs.7.3±2.0, P<0.05) and the activity of SOD [(0.214±0.084) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell vs.(0.737±0.060) Carmen′s unit/10 4 cell, P<0.01] were significantly decreased, while the level of superoxide anion (10.917±1.552 vs.6.897±1.640, P<0.01) and the apoptosis level of HUVECs[63.6 (55.0, 90.0)% vs.0 (0, 0)%, P<0.01] were significantly increased in the eNOS shRNA+ SNP+ TCEP group.However, there was no significant difference in the NO content (16.112±0.926 vs.16.705±0.116, P>0.05). Conclusions:Endogenous NO could effectively antagonize the apoptosis of endothelial cells by increasing the cysteine-dependent SOD1 dimer/monomer ratio, enhancing SOD activity and inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limiting, and medium-sized vasculitis, which has been the commonest cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries.Without timely diagnosis and treatment, up-to 25% of the affected children may develop coronary artery abnormalities (CAA). Due to the lack of the specific diagnostic method, KD is mainly diagnosed according to the clinical criteria.As a result, typical KD is recognized easily, but it is a big challenge to diagnose KD patients with incomplete or atypical symptoms.The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world makes the diagnosis of KD even more complex.In this review, hot issues in diagnosing KD were discussed according to the 2017 guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of KD recently published by the American Heart Association (AHA), expecting to provide help for diagnosis of KD children.

OBJECTIVE：To provide th e ideas a nd for individualized anti-infective treatment of infection after surgery for infants and young children with intussusception and enterobrosis ，and to provide reference for clinical pharmacists participating in the clinical treatment. METHODS ：Clinical pharmacists optimized the anti-infection program for an 11-month-old infant patient infected after surgery with intussusception and enterobrosis in Ordos Central Hospital ；they put forward medication suggestions in respects of the selection of initial anti-infection treatment program ，drug replacement ，the selection of anti-infection treatment program after blood culture showed Enterococcus coli and Enterococcus faecium ，and dosage adjustment. RESULTS ：According to the judgment of the common pathogens and the hospital or community infections in the infant patient with intussusception and enterobrosis，cefoperazone sulbactam 1.0 g，q12 h was adjusted to cefoperazone sulbactam 0.5 g，q8 h combined with Metronidazole chloride sodium injection 20 mL，q8 h；when the blood culture showed E. coli （ESBL-）and E. faecium ，it was recommended to add vancomycin 0.15 g，q12 h. After poor treatment ，it was recommended to adjust the vancomycin dose to 0.2 g，q8 h. All the above suggestions were adopted by doctors. And the child ’s body temperature dropped after treatment ，the blood culture turned negative and laboratory indicators returned to normal. The child was discharged smoothly. CONCLUSIONS ：Infants and young children are special groups. Therefore ，before using antibiotics ，clinical pharmacists should evaluate the age ，body weight ，liver and kidney functions of infants and young children. They should also help doctors select and adjust drugs ，frequency and dosage on the basis of pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety ，so as to avoid adverse drug reactions while ensure curative effect.

Objective To measure the change of facial volume maintenance rate after autologous fat grafted for repaired progressive facial hemiatrophy by using three-dimensional digital technology.Methods 3D scanner was used to acquire facial data in 10 patients with progressive facial hemiatrophy before operation;Mimics 17.0 software was used to reconstruce patients' facial 3D model and to calculate the volume of facial tissue defect;autologous fat was grafted to repair facial deformity.The facial volume maintenance rate was calculated in all the patients 3 months and 6 months after operation.Results We had performed facial 3D data acquisition and facial repaired with autologus fat grafted in 10 patients;patients' facial morphology was improved.The mean facial volume maintenance rate was (35.80±3.44)％ in 3 months and (27.82±3.80)％ 6 months after surgery.Conclusions The mean facial volume maintenance rate in postoperative 3 months is inferior to that in 6 months in single autologous fat grafted for repairing progressive facial hemiatrophy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of purified CD34⁺ stem cell boost in the treatment of poor graft function (PGF) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) . Methods: 12 patients with poor graft function, reported in our hospital during January 2014 to March 2018, were retrospectively analyzed; The donors of 12 patients were HLA mismatched family members, and all treated with donor purified CD34⁺ stem cell after G-CSF mobilization, calculating and statistical analyzing the purity of separation and the recovery rate of CD34⁺ stem cells. The related complications and the recovery of blood cells after infusion were observed. Results: The purity of CD34⁺ cells in the separation products was 92.0% (44.0%-97.0%) , and the recovery rate was 55.0% (45.0%-96.7%) . The median number of CD34⁺ cells was 1.9 (0.9-4.4) ×10⁶/kg with CD3⁺ cells as 0.6 (0.3-2.0) ×10⁴/kg. The median durations of white blood cells, platelet and red blood cells recoveries were 18 (14-39) , 29 (16-153) and 60 (9-124) days, respectively. All 12 patients didn’t experience serious adverse reactions in the process of infusion, 10 patients achieved hematopoietic recovery, 1 case partial remission, 1 case no recovery, without occurrence of aggravated infection, graft versus host disease and other complications. Conclusion The infusion of donor purified CD34⁺ stem cell was a safe and effective method for PGF after allogeneic HSCT.