Objective By observing the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain on high salt intake and the impact of losartan on this effect,this study explores effective implementation methods for salt restriction strategies.Methods Brain catheterization and microinjection were used to administer single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats,as well as combined microinjection of saline,Ang Ⅱ,and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor,AT1R antagonist losartan was used to observe the changes in the intake and water intake of hypertonic sodium chloride solution in rats with different sodium intake models;Single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats was performed to observe changes in water intake in water deprived rats,as well as changes in urine output,sodium excretion,horizontal and vertical activity in normal rats.Results Whether in rats treated with"water deprivation partial rehydration(WD-PR)"or in rats treated with"subcutaneous combined injection of furosemide(FURO)and Captopril(CAP)(FURO-CAP)",microinjection of 0.1 ng,1 ng,and 10 ng doses of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus caused a dose-dependent increase in 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake and water intake.However,pre injection of AT1R antagonist losartan at doses of 0.5 μ g,5 μ g,and 50 μ g significantly inhibited the injection of 10 ng Ang Ⅱ into the same site in a dose-dependent manner.The increase in intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl and water caused by it.Compared with injection of saline into the locus coeruleus,injection of 10.0ng dose of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus significantly increased the horizontal and vertical activity of rats,but had no significant effect on renal excretion.Conclusion Losartan can inhibit the high salt intake induced by Ang Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain,and can be used as an effective drug in the salt limiting strategy for controlling hypertension.

Objective By observing the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain on high salt intake and the impact of losartan on this effect,this study explores effective implementation methods for salt restriction strategies.Methods Brain catheterization and microinjection were used to administer single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats,as well as combined microinjection of saline,Ang Ⅱ,and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor,AT1R antagonist losartan was used to observe the changes in the intake and water intake of hypertonic sodium chloride solution in rats with different sodium intake models;Single microinjection of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus of rats was performed to observe changes in water intake in water deprived rats,as well as changes in urine output,sodium excretion,horizontal and vertical activity in normal rats.Results Whether in rats treated with"water deprivation partial rehydration(WD-PR)"or in rats treated with"subcutaneous combined injection of furosemide(FURO)and Captopril(CAP)(FURO-CAP)",microinjection of 0.1 ng,1 ng,and 10 ng doses of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus caused a dose-dependent increase in 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake and water intake.However,pre injection of AT1R antagonist losartan at doses of 0.5 μ g,5 μ g,and 50 μ g significantly inhibited the injection of 10 ng Ang Ⅱ into the same site in a dose-dependent manner.The increase in intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl and water caused by it.Compared with injection of saline into the locus coeruleus,injection of 10.0ng dose of Ang Ⅱ into the locus coeruleus significantly increased the horizontal and vertical activity of rats,but had no significant effect on renal excretion.Conclusion Losartan can inhibit the high salt intake induced by Ang Ⅱ in the locus coeruleus of the brain,and can be used as an effective drug in the salt limiting strategy for controlling hypertension.

Objective To measure the change of facial volume maintenance rate after autologous fat grafted for repaired progressive facial hemiatrophy by using three-dimensional digital technology.Methods 3D scanner was used to acquire facial data in 10 patients with progressive facial hemiatrophy before operation;Mimics 17.0 software was used to reconstruce patients' facial 3D model and to calculate the volume of facial tissue defect;autologous fat was grafted to repair facial deformity.The facial volume maintenance rate was calculated in all the patients 3 months and 6 months after operation.Results We had performed facial 3D data acquisition and facial repaired with autologus fat grafted in 10 patients;patients' facial morphology was improved.The mean facial volume maintenance rate was (35.80±3.44)％ in 3 months and (27.82±3.80)％ 6 months after surgery.Conclusions The mean facial volume maintenance rate in postoperative 3 months is inferior to that in 6 months in single autologous fat grafted for repairing progressive facial hemiatrophy.

Child ; Humans ; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Tilt-Table Test

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of β-blockers in treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome( POTS) in children. Methods Clinical controlled trials were collected from a variety of medical electronic databases including PubMed(1990-2014),Excerpta Medica database(EMBASE 1990-2014),ELSEVIER(1990-2014),China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI 1990—2014) and WANFANG(1990—2014) by 2 researchers simultaneously and respectively based on same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were assessed based on the Juni scale evaluation,and the Meta-analysis was conducted using the Rev-Man 5. 0 software. Results In total 8 clinical trials were included out of over 200 papers. Possible publication bias were assessed by Funnel plot analysis. Meta analy-sis of the 8 studies demonstrated that compared with the placebo group, metoprolol group showed significantly better ef-ficacy in treating children with POTS(RR=0. 37,95%CI:0. 21-0. 64,P=0. 000 5). Furthermore,these included trials were divided into different subgroups based on trial design ( randomized controlled trial/non-randomized con-trolled trial and Scored/N-scored) . Although no statistical heterogeneities were detected within each subgroups by the subgroup analysis,marked heterogeneities were found among subgroups; there was no significant difference of efficacy between metoprolol and placebos in treating POTS in non-randomized controlled trial group(RR=0. 68,95%CI:0. 45-1. 02,P=0. 06). Conclusions Low-dose metoprolol is effective in treating POTS,but the conclusion still needs to be tested by more large-scaled,multi-centered and standardized clinical randomized controlled trials.

The identification traumatic cataract must be based on the optical dysopia after ocular injuries. 72 cases of traumatic cataract were classified into 3 groups according to the classification of WHO about optical dysopia. There were 9 cases low vision, 58 cases blind and 5 incorporated cases after injuries. After operation, there were 12 cases that stenopeic spectacles vision was 0.4～1.2, 29 cases were low vision, 26 cases blind. The results suggested that the vision of traumatic cataract could be changed after operation, and the best time for forensic identification could be 1 or 2 months after operation.