Objective To analyze the effect of releasing the lower pulmonary ligament on right residual lung expansion after right upper lobe resection under different body mass index (BMI) levels. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent thoracoscopic right upper lobe resection in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from 2021 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a group A (17 kg/m2＜BMI≤23 kg/m2), a group B (23 kg/m2＜BMI≤29 kg/m2) and a group C (BMI＞29 kg/m2) according to BMI. The presence of residual cavity was judged by chest X-ray at 7-10 days after operation, the degree of compensation change of the right main bronchus angle was measured, and the changes in lung volume were determined by CT three-dimensional reconstruction. Results A total of 157 patients who underwent thoracoscopic right upper lobe resection were included, including 71 males and 86 females, with an average age of (59.7±11.2) years. There were 50 patients in the group A, 75 patients in the group B, and 32 patients in the group C. In the group A, compared with those without releasing the lower pulmonary ligament, patients with releasing had a lower incidence of postoperative residual cavity (P=0.016), greater changes in bronchus angle (P<0.001), and smaller changes in lung volume (P<0.001). In the group B and C, there was no significant effect of releasing the lower pulmonary ligament on postoperative residual cavity, bronchus angle, and lung volume changes (P>0.05). Conclusion For patients with thin and long body shape and low BMI, releasing the lower pulmonary ligament is helpful to promote the expansion of the residual lung after right upper lobe resection and reduce the occurrence of postoperative residual cavity in patients.

ObjectiveTo observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） surgical operations in treating mixed hemorrhoids. MethodsA multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting clinical data from 17，831 mixed hemorrhoid surgery patients in 8 top-tier TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Standardized and structured datasets were obtained through artificial intelligence models. Patients who underwent western surgical treatment were categorized into the western surgery group （11,646 cases）， and those receiving TCM surgical operations were categorized into the TCM surgery group （6185 cases）. Propensity score matching （1∶1 matching） was used to balance baseline data between groups. The primary outcome was the one-year recurrence rate， and secondary outcomes included the main symptoms （rectal bleeding， degree of prolapse） and secondary symptoms （anal distension， anal edema， wound secretion and exudation， anal stenosis， residual skin tags， perianal itching， and anal pain） measured on days 7， 28， and 60 after discharge. ResultsAfter matching， 2194 patients were included in each group. Symptom scores showed that at 28 days after discharge， the TCM surgical group had superior improvement in rectal bleeding ［OR=5.786， 95%CI （3.092，10.827）］， degree of prolapse ［OR=4.510， 95%CI （1.649，12.333）］， and anal edema ［OR=3.188， 95%CI （1.295，7.845）］ compared to the western surgical group. At 60 days post-discharge， the TCM group still showed advantages in improving rectal bleeding ［OR=5.237， 95%CI （1.077，25.464）］ and anal pain ［OR=11.697， 95%CI （1.186，115.336）］ （P＜0.05）. Long-term follow-up showed that the one-year recurrence rate in the TCM surgery group was 1.1% （8/726）， while that in the western surgery group was 2.3% （10/444）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionBased on real-world data， TCM surgical treatment for mixed hemorrhoids shows significant short-term symptom improvement， particularly in terms of hemostasis， reducing swelling， and alleviating prolapse of anal masses.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the long-term prognosis for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） of yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 371 DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. The yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was defined as the exposure factor. Patients were categorized into exposure group （186 cases） and non-exposure group （185 cases） according to whether they received yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy combined with conventional western medicine for 6 months or longer. The follow-up period was set at 48 months， and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） in both groups. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the impact of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy on the risk of MACE， and subgroup analysis was performed. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） score were compared between groups at the time of first combined use of yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy （before treatment） and 1 year after receiving the therapy （after treatment）. ResultsMACE occurred in 31 cases （16.67%） in the exposure group and 47 cases （25.41%） in the non-exposure group. The cumulative incidence of MACE in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group ［HR=0.559， 95%CI（0.361，0.895）， P=0.014］. Cox regression analysis showed that yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy was an independent factor for reducing the risk of MACE in DCM patients ［HR=0.623， 95%CI（0.396，0.980）， P=0.041］， and consistent results were observed in different subgroups. Compared with pre-treatment， the exposure group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score， reduced LVEDD， and increased LVEF and LVFS after treatment （P＜0.05）； in the non-exposure group， TCM syndrome score decreased， LVEF and LVFS increased， and LVEDD reduced after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the exposure group had higher LVEF and LVFS， smaller LVEDD， and lower TCM syndrome score and MLHFQ score compared with the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCombining yang-reinforcing and blood-activating therapy with conventional western medicine can reduce the risk of MACE in DCM patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， meanwhile improving their clinical symptoms， cardiac function， and quality of life.

By tracing back to the classical literature of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， this paper proposes a TCM philosophy integrating "dao （道）-shen（神）-formula" as a unified whole. It systematically elaborates the formula-constructing thought that "the monarch drug follows dao， and the formula carries dao"， analyzes shen （spirit/ life vitality） from the perspectives of its substance， manifestation and function， and explains the pivotal role of shen in connecting dao and formula. Taking Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》） as an example， the paper explores how the "dao-shen-formula" union is implemented in classics. Based on the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， the paper articulates a practical pathway for the "dao-shen-formula" union， namely "observing shen to differentiate the mechanism → restoring dao to regulate shen → achieving harmony of shen and restoration of dao"， thereby transforming abstract concepts into operable and verifiable practical approaches. It is hoped that this study will provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the shift from treating diseases to treating the person， and from correcting deviations to restoring dao in TCM.

By tracing back to the classical literature of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， this paper proposes a TCM philosophy integrating "dao （道）-shen（神）-formula" as a unified whole. It systematically elaborates the formula-constructing thought that "the monarch drug follows dao， and the formula carries dao"， analyzes shen （spirit/ life vitality） from the perspectives of its substance， manifestation and function， and explains the pivotal role of shen in connecting dao and formula. Taking Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》） as an example， the paper explores how the "dao-shen-formula" union is implemented in classics. Based on the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， the paper articulates a practical pathway for the "dao-shen-formula" union， namely "observing shen to differentiate the mechanism → restoring dao to regulate shen → achieving harmony of shen and restoration of dao"， thereby transforming abstract concepts into operable and verifiable practical approaches. It is hoped that this study will provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the shift from treating diseases to treating the person， and from correcting deviations to restoring dao in TCM.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

Objective To investigate whether olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells(OM-MSCs)attenuate oxygen glucose deprivation and recovery(OGD/R)-induced ferroptosis in neurons through glutathione oxidase 4(GPX4).Methods The middle nasal tissue were collected from a patient with nasal polyps admitted in our hospital,and then OM-MSCs were isolated from the tissue,which were confirmed by morphological observation under light microscopy and phenotypic characterization through flow cytometry for surface markers,including CD34,CD45,CD73,CD90,CD105,and CD146.Mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was randomly divided into control,Control,OGD/R,OGD/R+OM-MSCs,OGD/R+sh-NC,OGD/R+sh-GPX4 and OGD/R+sh-GPX4+OM-MSCs groups.After the cells were subjected to OGD/R modeling,the cells were subsequently co-cultured with OM-MSCs and/or knockdown of GPX4.Neuronal apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry,while cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay.Biochemical markers associated with ferroptosis,including MDA,ROS,GSH,and Fe2? levels,were measured with corresponding reagent kits.The GPX4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels was determined through qPCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results The isolated and primarily cultured OM-MSCs showed typical characteristics of OM-MSCs in cell surface markers(negative expression of CD34 and CD45 but positive expression of CD73,CD90,CD105,and CD146 on cell surface)and morphology(adherent cells in a spindle-like shape).Significant differences were observed among the control,OGD/R,and OGD/R+OM-MSCs groups in terms of cell viability,MDA,ROS,GSH,Fe2+and GPX4(P<0.05).The OGD/R group showed notable decreases in cell activity and GSH(P<0.05),increases in MDA,ROS,and Fe2+(P<0.05),and down-regulation of GPX4 when compared with the control group(P<005).Co-culture with OM-MSCs enhanced cell activity and GSH(P<0.05),decreased MDA,ROS,and Fe2+(P<0.05),and up-regulated GPX4 as compared to the conditions in the OGD/R group(P<0.05).While,OGD/R+sh-GPX4 treament developed the decreases in cell viability,GSH,and GPX4 and the increases in MDA,ROS,and Fe2+as compared to the OGD/R+sh-NC group(P<0.05),however,all of these could be reversed by OM-MSCs.Conclusion OM-MSCs inhibit OGD/R-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells by up-regulating GPX4.

Objective To investigate the role of trichostatin A(TSA)in regulating CD4+T cell subpopulations during Escherichia coli(E.coli)inflammatory infections.Methods Male mice(8 weeks old,weighing 22～25 g)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=16):a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)control group,an infection group(DMSO+E.coli),and an intervention group(E.coli+TSA).E.coli was administered via intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 3×10? CFU/mL to establish an infection model.The E.coli+TSA group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups based on different TSA concentrations(2.5,5.0,10.0 mg/kg).Then the samples were collected at different time points(12,24,48,96 h)after TSA intervention.The efficacy of TSA in treating E.coli-induced inflammatory responses and its relationship with CD4+T cell subsets were evaluated by survival rate observation,body weight monitoring,histopathological staining for small intestine,ELISA detection,transcriptomics sequencing,flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis.Results Compared with the E.coli group,5 mg/kg TSA significantly increased survival rate,suppressed body weight loss,improved pathological damage in the small intestinal,reduced serum TNF-α level in 24 h after infection(P<0.000 1),and elevated IL-10 level(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 5 mg/kg TSA intervention for 24 h modulated the T cell differentiation signaling pathways,including those regulating FoxO,Th17,and Th1/2.Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR results showed that compared to the E.coli group,5 mg/kg TSA down-regulated the expression of the Th17 cell marker RORγt in mice 96 h after infection while significantly up-regulated the expression of the Treg cell marker Foxp3(P<0.05).Conclusion TSA may alleviate bacterial infectious inflammatory diseases by regulating the differentiation of CD4+T cells toward the Treg subset while simultaneously inhibiting their differentiation toward the Th17 subset,thereby suppressing the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

Objective Investigate the expression level of discs large homolog associated protein 5(DLGAP5)in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and analyze its effects on cell proliferation,migration,invasion capacity,and the Warburg effect.Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.A total of 72 OSCC tissue samples and 40 adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from 2013 to 2024 were included,and the clinical pathological and prognostic data were collected from patients.Immunohistochemistry assay was applied to detect the protein expression of DLGAP5,and its association with clinical pathological features was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted for survival analysis,and Cox regression model was employed to analyze the prognostic factors.The expression of DLGAP5 at mRNA and protein levels was detected in HOK,SCC-9,SCC-15,SCC-25,and CAL-27 cell lines with RT-qPCR and Western blotting,respectively.Four small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)were designed to target the DLGAP5 sequence,and then based on the transfection efficiency,the sequence with optimal silencing effect was selected for subsequent functional studies.After DLGAP5 was silenced in the CAL-27 and SCC-15 cells,Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and enolase 1(ENO1),CCK-8,scratch healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities,and glucose,lactate,and ATP detection kits were utilized to determine the glycolytic metabolic levels in OSCC cells.Results Bioinformatics analysis indicates that DLGAP5 is a potential key therapeutic target for OSCC.Experimental validation demonstrated that DLGAP5 was highly expressed in both OSCC tissues and cells(P<0.05).Analysis of clinical pathology and prognostic data revealed that DLGAP5 expression level was significantly correlated with tumor TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,and differentiation grade in OSCC patients,and high DLGAP5 expression was associated with poor prognosis(P<0.05).DLGAP5 silencing resulted in significantly reduced expression of HK2 and ENO1,markedly decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites(P<0.05),and notably declined cell proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities(P<0.05).Conclusion DLGAP5 is highly expressed in OSCC.Silencing DLGAP5 may inhibit OSCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by indirectly regulating the Warburg effect,and the molecule is associated with poor prognosis in the OSCC patients.

As a new generation of time-of-flight mass spectrometry,multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MR-TOF-MS)has been increasingly applied in the fields such as nuclear physics,chemistry,and biology due to its ultra-high resolution and rapid analysis capabilities.However,the analytical performance of MR-TOF-MS largely depends on the ion bunch state entering the mass analyzer.In this study,a rectangular ion trap(RIT)was developed,designed and processed using printed circuit board technology,as an ion accumulating and focusing device for MR-TOF mass analyzer.Compared to traditional ion traps composed of two sets of planar electrodes,this RIT had higher voltage utilization efficiency,resulting in more efficient ion collection and focusing.The ions were cooled to a sufficiently small bunch for precise mass measurement with MR-TOF-MS mass spectrometry in only 1 ms of cooling time in the RIT,then orthogonally ejected to the MR-TOF mass spectrometer for mass analysis.Experimental results indicated that the working cycle,ion flux,and ion focusing state of the RIT fully met the requirements of the MR-TOF mass analyzer.When coupled with the MR-TOF mass analyzer,the RIT enabled MR-TOF-MS to achieve a mass resolution of 1.5×105.