ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of tobacco use among residents aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective regional tobacco control policies. MethodsThe Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method was employed to select one neighborhood committee (village) from each of Jiading District’s 11 subdistricts as survey monitoring sites. From the household registry of each selected neighborhood committee (village), 50 residential households were randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 550 households surveyed. Within each selected household, one permanent resident aged 15 years old or above was randomly chosen to complete the questionnaire. The content covered general information, exposure to secondhand smoke, awareness of tobacco related health hazards, etc. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0 software. ResultsA total of 550 questionnaires were distributed, with 549 valid responses collected, and the effective response rate was 99.82%. The survey findings revealed that in 2023, the current smoking rate among individuals aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District of Shanghai was 18.76%, with males accounting for 38.93% and females accounting for 2.62%. Male gender was identified as a relative factor for smoking (OR=34.108, 95%CI: 14.440‒80.722), whereas higher education attainment emerged as a protective factor against smoking (OR=0.388, 95%CI: 0.184‒0.820). Among non-smokers aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District, the secondhand smoke exposure rate was 46.86%, with statistically significant differences observed across different age groups and occupations (P<0.001). Restaurants exhibited the highest secondhand smoke exposure rate of 42.14%, followed by households bearing (36.79%). The overall awareness rate among individuals aged 15 years old and above in Jiading District regarding four smoking-related diseases, namely stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and impotence, was 48.45%, while the awareness rate for three secondhand smoke-induced diseases, namely adult heart disease, pediatric pulmonary disease, and adult lung cancer, was 64.29%. ConclusionThere is still room for reduction in the prevalence of tobacco use among individuals aged 15 yeas old and above in Jiading District. The exposure to secondhand smoke is severe, and residents have low awareness of the harm of tobacco. Tobacco control law enforcement should be strengthened, smoke-free-home health education should be included in tobacco control efforts, and targeted health education should be carried out.

Lung cancer tops the disease list in the world due to the high incidence and mortality， and about 85% of lung cancer cases is non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Most NSCLC patients are in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis， with a low 5-year survival. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays a role in the comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors. Oral Chinese patent medicines， as an important part of TCM， have the advantages of stable preparations， mild taste， simple package， and accurate effective ingredients， which are different from decoctions. They have been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC. In clinical practice， the combination of oral Chinese patent medicines with chemotherapy， targeted therapy， or radiotherapy， as well as the application of the oral Chinese patent medicines alone， can increase efficiency， reduce toxicity， prolong the survival time of patients， and improve the quality of life. The mechanisms of oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of NSCLC mainly include inhibiting the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of lung cancer cells， promoting the apoptosis of lung cancer cells， inhibiting tumor neovascularization， reversing multidrug resistance， and regulating the immune functions， which reflects the multi-pathway and multi-target manner of TCM. The oral Chinese patent medicines commonly used in the clinical treatment of NSCLC include Jinfukang oral liquid， Shenyi capsules， Pingxiao capsules， Xiao'aiping tablets， Kanglaite capsules， compound Cantharis capsules， Huisheng oral liquid， Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules， Xihuang pills， Zilongjin tablets， and Cinobufagin capsules. There are many clinical and basic studies about the treatment of NSCLC with these medicines， while a systematic review remains to be carried out. Therefore， we systematically reviewed the mechanisms and clinical application of commonly used oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC， aiming to provide reference for follow-up research and clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for the prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with structural anomaly detected by ultrasonography. METHODS: The fetus and its parents were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and CMA analysis. RESULTS: The fetus was found to carry a 46,XN,t(8;11)(q21.2;q13) translocation which was inherited from its mother. CMA has found no copy number variations (CNVs) in both parents but a de novo 2.00 Mb microdeletion in the fetus at 8q13.3. CONCLUSION CMA is capable of detecting microdeletions and microduplications in fetuses with translocations detected by karyotyping analysis.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microarray Analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with dexmedetomidine mixed with subanesthetic dose of ketamine on anxiety and depression in the patients with advanced cancer pain.Methods:Sixty patients of either gender with advanced cancer pain, aged 24-82 yr, with poor analgesic effect or obvious adverse reactions after three-step analgesic treatment, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: routine treatment group (group R) and dexmedetomidine mixed with ketamine group (group DK). The initial dose of morphine for PCIA was 1/3 of the oral dose in group R. In group DK, ketamine 5.4 mg/kg (90 μg·kg -1·h -1) and dexmedetomidine 6 μg/kg (0.1 μg·kg -1·h -1) were added on the basis of group R. Tropisetron 8 mg was added to analgesics and diluted to 200 ml with normal saline in both groups.The analgesic pump was programmed to deliver 4 ml with an initial dose of 4 ml, lockout interval of 15 min and background infusion at 4 ml/h.The numerical rating scale score, Ramsay sedation score, Chinese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score and Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ score were recorded before PCIA and at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h of PCIA.The development of effective analgesia and satisfactory sedation, occurrence and degree of depression, score for patient's quality of life and satisfaction score, consumption of morphine and adverse reactions such as constipation, nausea and vomiting, agitation and respiratory depression were recorded within 48 h of PCIA. Results:Compared with group R, the NRS score was significantly decreased, the rate of effective analgesia was increased, Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱscore and Chinese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score were decreased, the incidence and degree of depression were decreased, incidence of nausea and vomiting and constipation, consumption of morphine and pressing times of PCIA pump were decreased, and the score for patient's quality of life and satisfaction score were increased in group DK ( P<0.05). Conclusion:PCIA with dexmedetomidine mixed with subanesthetic dose of ketamine can significantly enhance the analgesic effect, improve anxiety and depression, and raise the quality of life when used for the patients with advanced cancer pain.

Objective To explore the potential value of tuberculosis protein chip for clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.Methods The antibody level of tuberculosis protein ESAT-6,CFP10,16 KD,38 KD and LAM was determined in 4 093 patients,inclu-ding 441 tuberculosis and 3 652 non-tuberculosis cases by protein chip.Results The tuberculosis antibody was positive in 297 of the 441 tuberculosis cases and 647 of the 3 652 non-tuberculosis cases.Tuberculosis protein chip provided a sensitivity of 67.35% and specificity of 82.28% in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.Conclusions Tuberculosis protein chip test is a quick,easy and effective method for identifying potential tuberculosis patients with good specificity.

Objective To preliminarily screen the neoplastic stem cell (NSC) related surface markers combination and to under-stand the NSC distribution in hepatoblastoma(HB) .Methods The children cases of HB undergone the surgical therapy in the Jian-gxi Provincial Children′s Hospital were selected .The immunohistochemical method was adopted for observing the expression and distribution of NSC-related markers CD34 ,Thy-1 ,c-kit ,CD56 and stem cell factor(SCF) in the HB tissue and the normal hepatic tissue away from the edge of tumor tissue 3cm outside .Results Thy-1 and c-kit were sporadically distributed in the HB tissue and mainly focued on the portal area ,but did not exressed in the normal liver tissue ;the expression of CD34 and SCF in HB was signifi-cantly higher than that in the normal liver tissue(P<0 .05) ,in which CD34 was mainly distributed in the endothelial system and SCF was mainly expressed in the portal area ;CD56 was expressed in the tissue of the clustered nerve fibers ,the expression differ-ence between them had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The different NSC related surface markers are distributed in the HB tissue and focus on the specific areas .The positive cells of Thy-1/c-kit expression may play a role in the HB occurrence .

Objective To proceed deep data mining in large database obtained by Cancer Genome Anatomy Project and to distinguish the difference expression genes of gastric carcinoma.Methods The 300,783 serial analysis of gene expression records from 4 libraries of gastric cancer and 2 libraries of normal gastric tissue in database of the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project were analyzed by digital gene expression displayer.Results The 201 difference expression tags represented 136 genes(54 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated) and 65 ESTs(24 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated) were distinguished,and these genes were involved in biological process and signal transduction pathways,such as cell cycle regulation,cell proliferation and apoptosis.The gene expression profile in whole body normal and cancer tissues of PTMA were constructed by digital Northern based on serial analysis of gene expression database and by virtual Northern based on cDNA database,respectively.Conclusion The difference expression genes of gastric cancer can be distinguished effectively with bioinformatics,and the results will guide our further molecular biology research.If validated by molecular biology experiment,the difference expression genes will be used as molecular targets of gastric carcinoma.