Objective:To explore the effect of simulated 6 500 m altitude hypoxia on the fertility of BALB/c female mice.Methods:In this study, 50 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into control group and plateau groups according to body weight. The plateau group divided into plateau 3-day group,plateau 5-day group,plateau 10-day group and plateau 15-day group, every group included 10 female mice. A low pressure hypoxic animal test chamber was used to establish a simulated low pressure hypoxia mouse model at an altitude of 6 500 m, the daily light/dark ratio was 12 h∶12 h. In each group, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) level in the mouse ovary was tested by Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mouse ovarian tissue morphology and the changes in the numbers of the egg follicles were observed by hematoxylion and eosin (HE) staining pathological section, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to get the serum values of reproductive hormone.Results:1) Compared with control group [(3 417.67±316.02) μg/L], the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decreased in all groups of the plateau, among them, plateau 10-day group [(2 643.50±210.01) μg/L], the plateau 5-day group [(2 195.50±160.88) μg/L] and plateau 15-day group [(2 174.40±709.23) μg/L] showed significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with control group [(68.02±2.80) U/L], the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased in the plateau 5-day group [(64.20±4.11) U/L, P=0.029], plateau 10-day group [(59.05±5.16) U/L, P<0.001] and plateau 15-day group [(57.46±3.58) U/L, P<0.001]. Compared with control group [(6.71±1.01) U/L], the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased in the plateau 5-day group, plateau 10-day group and plateau 15-day group, among them, the plateau 10-day group [(5.18±0.30) U/L] and plateau 15-day group [(4.86±0.53) U/L] showed significant differences compared with control group ( P=0.005, P<0.001). Compared with control group [(105.56±5.43) pmol/L], the levels of estradiol in the plateau 5-day group [(90.92±5.08) pmol/L] and the plateau 15-day group [(81.46±3.96) pmol/L] showed significant differences compared with control group ( P=0.038, P<0.001). Compared with control group[(13.63±0.69) μg/L], the levels of progesterone in plateau groups were decreased, the plateau 3-day group [(11.45±0.65) μg/L], the plateau 5-day group [(8.86±0.72) μg/L], plateau 10-day group [(9.56±0.53) μg/L] and plateau 15-day group [(9.29±0.64) μg/L] showed significant differences compared with control group (all P<0.001). 2) Compared with control group, the numbers of ovarian follicles decreased, atretic follicles increased, granulosa cells apoptosis and venous vascular expansion were observed. 3) IHC showed that the ratio of HIF-1α positive cells increased with the extension of hypoxia. WB showed that the expressions of HIF-1α in the plateau groups increased compared with control group (all P<0.001). 4) Compared with control group (0.408±0.083), the ovarian index were decreased in plateau 3-day group (0.271±0.087), plateau 5-day group (0.114±0.035), plateau 10-day group (0.076±0.052) and plateau 15-day group (0.109±0.026), the difference was significant among the five groups ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Exposure to the simulated low oxygen environment of 6 500 m altitude makes the mouse ovarian tissue hypoxia, which causes certain adverse effects on the fertility of female mice, and provides a theoretical basis for the next research on female fertility protection.

Objective:To explore the effect of simulated 6 500 m altitude hypoxia on the fertility of BALB/c female mice.Methods:In this study, 50 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into control group and plateau groups according to body weight. The plateau group divided into plateau 3-day group,plateau 5-day group,plateau 10-day group and plateau 15-day group, every group included 10 female mice. A low pressure hypoxic animal test chamber was used to establish a simulated low pressure hypoxia mouse model at an altitude of 6 500 m, the daily light/dark ratio was 12 h∶12 h. In each group, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) level in the mouse ovary was tested by Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mouse ovarian tissue morphology and the changes in the numbers of the egg follicles were observed by hematoxylion and eosin (HE) staining pathological section, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to get the serum values of reproductive hormone.Results:1) Compared with control group [(3 417.67±316.02) μg/L], the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decreased in all groups of the plateau, among them, plateau 10-day group [(2 643.50±210.01) μg/L], the plateau 5-day group [(2 195.50±160.88) μg/L] and plateau 15-day group [(2 174.40±709.23) μg/L] showed significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with control group [(68.02±2.80) U/L], the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased in the plateau 5-day group [(64.20±4.11) U/L, P=0.029], plateau 10-day group [(59.05±5.16) U/L, P<0.001] and plateau 15-day group [(57.46±3.58) U/L, P<0.001]. Compared with control group [(6.71±1.01) U/L], the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased in the plateau 5-day group, plateau 10-day group and plateau 15-day group, among them, the plateau 10-day group [(5.18±0.30) U/L] and plateau 15-day group [(4.86±0.53) U/L] showed significant differences compared with control group ( P=0.005, P<0.001). Compared with control group [(105.56±5.43) pmol/L], the levels of estradiol in the plateau 5-day group [(90.92±5.08) pmol/L] and the plateau 15-day group [(81.46±3.96) pmol/L] showed significant differences compared with control group ( P=0.038, P<0.001). Compared with control group[(13.63±0.69) μg/L], the levels of progesterone in plateau groups were decreased, the plateau 3-day group [(11.45±0.65) μg/L], the plateau 5-day group [(8.86±0.72) μg/L], plateau 10-day group [(9.56±0.53) μg/L] and plateau 15-day group [(9.29±0.64) μg/L] showed significant differences compared with control group (all P<0.001). 2) Compared with control group, the numbers of ovarian follicles decreased, atretic follicles increased, granulosa cells apoptosis and venous vascular expansion were observed. 3) IHC showed that the ratio of HIF-1α positive cells increased with the extension of hypoxia. WB showed that the expressions of HIF-1α in the plateau groups increased compared with control group (all P<0.001). 4) Compared with control group (0.408±0.083), the ovarian index were decreased in plateau 3-day group (0.271±0.087), plateau 5-day group (0.114±0.035), plateau 10-day group (0.076±0.052) and plateau 15-day group (0.109±0.026), the difference was significant among the five groups ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Exposure to the simulated low oxygen environment of 6 500 m altitude makes the mouse ovarian tissue hypoxia, which causes certain adverse effects on the fertility of female mice, and provides a theoretical basis for the next research on female fertility protection.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of laparoscopic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy.Methods The complications during and after the operation of laparoscopic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy of 46 patients were reviewed and summarized retrospectively. Results Laparoscopic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy of 46 cases had been done well without significant complications,such as injury of intestine,bladder and ureter.Four cases had complications in short term,one was pelvic hematoma,one was pelvic infection,and two were hematocele in cervical canal.There were five cases had complications in long term.Residual cavity periodic hemorrhage in two cases,cervical gland cyst,pelvic parcel effusion and cervical polypoid hyperplasia each in one case.ConclusionsThere are less complications during the laparoscopic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy,while much more after the surgery.Therefore,the surgical method needs to be improved.