ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Jingui Shenqiwan （JSW） and Liuwei Dihuangwan （LDW） on the reproductive ability and brain function of normal mice and compare the actions of the two medications. MethodsSeven groups of female and male mice were divided at a ratio of 2∶1. Except for the control group， the other six groups were as follows： a group of both males and females receiving JSW （3.0 g·kg^-1）， a group of both males and females receiving LDW （4.5 g·kg^-1）， a group of males receiving water and females receiving JSW， a group of males receiving water while females receiving LDW， a group of females receiving water while males receiving JSW， and a group of females receiving water while males receiving LDW. Each group was administered the drug for 14 days and then caged together at a 2∶1 （female∶male） ratio to detect the number of pregnant mice and calculate the pregnancy rate. Pregnant mice continued receiving the drug until they naturally gave birth， which was followed by the observation of newborn mice， calculation of their average number， and the measurement of the offspring's preference for sugar water and neonatal recognition index. At the end of the experiment， the weights of the thymus and spleen were measured to calculate the organ coefficients， and mRNA or protein expression was analyzed in the brain and testes or ovaries. A 1% sucrose solution was used to examine the euphoria of their brain reward systems， while novel object recognition test （NOR） was applied to assess their memory capabilities. mRNA expression was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） assay， and protein expression was analyzed with Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， oral administration of JSW to both male and female mice for 14 days significantly increased the pregnancy rate of female mice on day 2 after being caged together （P<0.05）， while LDW showed a trend but no statistical significance. Additionally， compared with the control group， JSW could upregulate the gene expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） in the thalamus， as well as reproductive stem cell factor （SCF） and tyrosine kinase receptor （c-Kit） in the testes and reproductive stem cell marker mouse vasa homologue （MVH） in the ovaries， upregulate the expression of proteins influencing neuronal functional activity， such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， in hippocampal neurons （P<0.05）， and enhance sucrose preference in male mice （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， JSW significantly increased sucrose preference and novel object recognition index in offspring mice （P<0.05）， which was related to the upregulation of hippocampal dopamine D1 receptor （D1R） and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （Nmdar） gene expression. Compared with the control group， both JSW and LDW could upregulate the protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR）， BDNF， and tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB） in the hippocampus of offspring mice （P<0.05）. ConclusionJSW significantly enhances the reproductive ability of normal mice， which is not only related to the release of gonadotropin but also associated with its regulation of brain function. Additionally， JSW has a certain regulatory effect on the brain function of the offspring mice.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

Objective: To characterize perioperative dynamic changes in immune-cell phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass) cardiac surgery, and to explore their associations with postoperative outcomes. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 120 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under CPB at West China Hospital from May 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Perioperative immune-cell phenotypes and concentrations of 40 inflammation-related cytokines were measured. The primary outcomes were the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at 24 h after surgery and ΔSOFA (the peak SOFA score within 48 h after surgery minus the preoperative SOFA score). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), acute kidney injury (AKI), respiratory failure, severe liver injury, and infection. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 57±10 years. Of these, 52% (62/120) were male and 90% (108/120) underwent valve surgery. During the rewarming to the end of CPB, neutrophil counts rapidly increased (7.39×10 /L vs preoperative 3.07×10 /L, P<0.001), with significant upregulation of CD11b (7.30×10 /L vs preoperative 3.05×10 /L, P<0.001) and CD54 (7.15×10 /L vs preoperative 2.99×10 /L, P<0.001). Lymphocyte counts increased at the end of CPB (1.75×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001) but decreased significantly at 24 h after surgery (0.59×10 /L vs preoperative 1.12×10 /L, P<0.001). Plasma analysis showed that multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines increased during CPB and remained elevated up to 24 h after surgery; five chemokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at the end of CPB. The SOFA score increased from 1 (1, 2) preoperatively to 7 (5, 10) at 24 h after surgery, with a ΔSOFA of 6 (4, 8). Within 30 days after surgery, 48 patients (40.0%) developed AKI, 17 (14.2%) developed infection, 4 (3.3%) developed severe liver injury, 3 (2.5%) developed respiratory failure, and 3 (2.5%) experienced MACE. During the 2-year follow-up, 8 patients (6.7%) experienced MACE and 5 (4.2%) died. Conclusion: Multi-organ dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery under CPB (median ΔSOFA, 6), accompanied by perioperative activation of multiple immune-cell subsets and upregulation of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and chemotactic mediators. This study provides data-driven evidence and research clues for further investigation of the associations between CPB-related immune perturbations and postoperative organ dysfunction and clinical outcomes.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation training on moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsRandomized controlled trials on pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, from inception to January 30, 2026. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the PEDro scale were used to assess the quality of the included literatures, and RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 1 259 patients were included. The PEDro scores of the included studies ranged from seven to ten. Meta-analysis showed that pulmonary rehabilitation training improved the distance of 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) (MD = 39.48, 95%CI 32.65 to 46.32, P < 0.001) and forced vital capacity (MD = 0.16, 95%CI 0.00 to 0.31, P = 0.04), reduced the scores of modified Medical Research Council (MD = -0.36, 95%CI -0.48 to -0.23, P < 0.001), COPD Assessment Test (MD = -4.72, 95%CI -6.71 to -2.74, P < 0.001) and St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (MD = -4.34, 95%CI -6.73 to -1.94, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that pulmonary rehabilitation training lasting ≥ 3 months and < 3 months both increased the distance of 6MWT, and the pulmonary rehabilitation group improved the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. ConclusionPulmonary rehabilitation training can improve exercise capacity and quality of life, and alleviate dyspnea and improve pulmonary function in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenge Bushen Capsules （SBC） on sexual development in normal 3-week-old mice. MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part， mice were divided into four groups： The control group and the low， medium， and high-dose SBC groups （234.7， 469.4， 938.7 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. In the second part， mice were divided into four groups： Control group， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide （PRP） group， total flavonoids group， and SBC group， all receiving a dose of 469.4 mg·kg^-1. After 7 days of administration， the vaginal opening of female mice and the descent of testes and scrotum in male mice， as well as the ovarian and testicular organ indices， were observed. After 4 weeks of administration， female and male mice were housed together for 2 days， and the pregnancy rate of females was monitored. After delivery， the pregnant female mice continued receiving the treatment for 4 weeks， and the sexual development of their offspring， including vaginal opening， testicular descent， and organ indices of ovaries and testes， was observed. Serum sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and growth hormone （GH） proteins in the hypothalamus was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， there was no significant effect on the vaginal opening of female mice or the descent of testes in male mice after 7 days of SBC administration. After 4 weeks of administration， the pregnancy rate in the low-dose group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， but no significant effects were observed in the other groups. The three doses of SBC did not significantly affect the ovarian or testicular organ indices， and there was no significant upregulation in the expression of GnRH or GH in the hypothalamus. The primary component of SBC， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide， significantly reduced the vaginal opening in female mice after 7 days of administration （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks， the serum estradiol levels of non-pregnant female mice were decreased （P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the expression of GnRH or GH proteins in the hypothalamus of either male or female mice. Additionally， there were no significant effects on precocious puberty indicators， such as vaginal opening and testicular descent， in the offspring mice. ConclusionSBC does not significantly promote precocious puberty in young mice， and it does not have any noticeable effects on the pregnancy rate of adult mice or the sexual development of their offspring.

BackgroundPatients with depressive disorder often exhibit impaired decision-making functions. However， the relationship between decision-making abilities and depressive and anxiety symptoms in these patients remains unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of decision-making behavior in patients with depressive disorder， and to analyze its relationship with clinical symptoms. MethodsA total of 48 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） were recruited from the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from October 2020 to May 2023. Concurrently， 52 healthy individuals matched for age and gender were recruited from Luzhou as the control group. Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and Beck Anxiety Inventory （BAI） were used for assessment， and decision-making behavior was evaluated using Probabilistic Reversal Learning （PRL） task. Indicators assessed included the number of trials to criterion， perseverative errors， win-stay rate and lose-shift rate. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between BDI and BAI scores and PRL task indicators. ResultsThe depression group showed a significantly higher lose-shift rate compared with the control group （t=3.684， P<0.01）. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in trials to criterion， perseverative errors and win-stay rate （t=0.329， 0.132， 0.609， P>0.05）. In depression group， BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with the win-stay rate（r=0.450， 0.398， P<0.01）. ConclusionPatients with depressive disorder are more likely to change their decision-making strategies following negative outcomes. Furthermore， the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms is associated with a greater propensity to maintain existing decisions after receiving positive feedback. ［Funded by 2019 Joint Project of Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau-Southwest Medical University （number， 2019LZXNYDJ39］

ObjectiveTo analyze the "compatibility" relationship of sugars and glycosides and the heat-clearing and blood-cooling effect of the roots of four varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa and provide a basis for research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of R. glutinosa. MethodsThe content of sugars and glycosides in the roots of four varieties of R. glutinosa was determined during the growth period. The principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and the "compatibility" relationship of active components were employed to screen out the differential samples. A rat model of bleeding due to blood heat was used to verify the pharmacodynamic differences and the potential active components of differential samples. ResultsThe content and proportion characteristics of various components in roots of the four varieties of R. glutinosa during the expansion stage and the maturity stage had obvious differences. The proportion of phenylethanoid glycosides at the maturity stage was higher than that at the expansion stage. The R. glutinosa variety 85-5 had special quality characteristics among the tested varieties. All the samples alleviated the symptoms in the rat model. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood was different between the maturity stage and the expansion stage， as well as between 85-5 samples at the maturity stage and other samples. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was the result of the combined action of multiple components in R. glutinosa roots and might be related to the high proportions of polysaccharides， iridoid glycosides， and phenylethanoid glycosides. ConclusionThe growth stage and variety affect the quality of R. glutinosa roots. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was related to the content and proportions of various components. The study can provide a basis for the basic research on the active components and quality control of R. glutinosa.

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and its correlation with serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)of the patients.Methods Data collection was conducted in 160 patients(LDH group)admitted to the LDH outpatient and inpatient department of Wuhan Hankou Hospital from October 2022 to June 2024 and in 20 healthy volunteers(healthy control group)who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period.The levels of serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β were compared between the two groups,and then the correlation of serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β levels with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of pain,Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score and Oswestry Dysfunction Index(ODI)score in LDH patients was explored.The distribution of TCM syndrome types in LDH patients was statistically analyzed,and then the correlation between TCM syndromes and serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β levels in LDH patients was investigated.Furthermore,the correlation between serum HIF-1α,NLRP3,IL-1β levels and prognosis of LDH was analyzed.Results(1)Compared with the healthy control group,the serum levels of HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β in the LDH group were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).(2)Spearman correlation analysis showed that VAS and ODI scores were positively correlated with serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β levels,and JOA score was negatively correlated with serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β levels,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.01).(3)The percentage of TCM syndrome types in 160 patients with LDH in descending order was as follows:blood stasis syndrome(65 cases,40.63%)＞kidney deficiency syndrome(45 cases,28.13%)＞cold-damp syndrome(30 cases,18.75%)＞damp-heat syndrome(20 cases,12.50%).(4)There were statistically significant differences in serum levels of HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β among LDH patients with different TCM syndromes(P＜0.01):the serum levels in patients with cold-damp syndrome were higher than those in patients with kidney deficiency syndrome(P＜0.05),serum levels in patients with damp-heat syndrome were higher than those in patients with cold-damp syndrome(P＜0.05),and serum levels in patients with blood stasis syndrome were higher than those in patients with damp-heat syndrome(P＜0.05).(5)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1βwere risk factors for the prognosis of LDH patients,and they were negatively correlated with the prognosis of LDH(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Blood stasis syndrome is the predominated syndrome type in LDH patients,and then comes kidney deficiency syndrome.The levels of serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β vary in LDH patients with different TCM syndrome types,and are expected to be the potential biological indicators for TCM syndrome differentiation of LDH.Serum HIF-1α,NLRP3 and IL-1β are the risk factors for the prognosis of LDH.

Objective To investigate the relationship between biological aging and the rate of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations.Methods Longitudinal tracking data of cognitive function were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).We employed the Klemera and Doubal method(KDM)to estimate biological age(BA),and calculate the biological aging index(BAI)and biological aging type(BAT).A multivariate linear regression model was employed to analyze the relationships between baseline BAI,BAT,and cognitive function scores.Based on the baseline analysis,a mixed-effects model was used to examine the longitudinal associations between baseline BAI,BAT,and cognitive function during follow-up.Results A total of 5 897 participants were included in the study.BAI was found to be negatively associated with baseline cognitive function scores,with the partial regression coefficient(β)(95％CI)being-0.185(—0.231,—0.139)(P＜0.001).Compared with the lagged aging group,the premature aging group had lower cognitive function scores(β[95％CI]:—0.741[—0.966,—0.516]).For age and sex,for each additional year of baseline BAI,cognitive function scores declined by an average of 0.012(95％CI:—0.019,—0.005)points per year after adjusting for age and sex,and declined by 0.011(95％CI:—0.018,—0.004)points per year after adjusting for other covariates.Compared with participants with lagged aging,those with premature aging experienced,on average,an additional decline of 0.042(95％CI:—0.075,0.009)points per year in cognitive function scores after adjusting for age and sex alone,and by 0.039(95％CI:—0.072,—0.007)points per year after adjusting for other covariates.Conclusion Biological aging affects the rate of cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations.A higher BAI is associated with a faster decline in cognitive function.Compared with those with lagged aging,individuals with premature aging exhibit a more rapid rate of cognitive decline.