In managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which affects over 30% of the general population, effective noninvasive biomarkers for assessing disease severity, monitoring disease progression, predicting the development of liver-related complications, and assessing treatment response are crucial. The advantage of simple fibrosis scores lies in their widespread accessibility through routinely performed blood tests and extensive validation in different clinical settings. They have shown reasonable accuracy in diagnosing advanced fibrosis and good performance in excluding the majority of patients with a low risk of liver-related complications. Among patients with elevated serum fibrosis scores, a more specific fibrosis and imaging biomarker has proved useful to accurately identify patients at risk of liver-related complications. Among specific fibrosis blood biomarkers, enhanced liver fibrosis is the most widely utilized and has been approved in the United States as a prognostic biomarker. For imaging biomarkers, the availability of vibration-controlled transient elastography has been largely improved over the past years, enabling the use of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for accurate assessment of significant and advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Combining LSM with other routinely available blood tests enhances the ability to diagnose at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and predict liver-related complications, some reaching an accuracy comparable to that of liver biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging-based modalities provide the most accurate quantification of liver fibrosis, though the current utilization is limited to research settings. Expanding their future use in clinical practice depends on factors such as cost and facility availability.

In managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which affects over 30% of the general population, effective noninvasive biomarkers for assessing disease severity, monitoring disease progression, predicting the development of liver-related complications, and assessing treatment response are crucial. The advantage of simple fibrosis scores lies in their widespread accessibility through routinely performed blood tests and extensive validation in different clinical settings. They have shown reasonable accuracy in diagnosing advanced fibrosis and good performance in excluding the majority of patients with a low risk of liver-related complications. Among patients with elevated serum fibrosis scores, a more specific fibrosis and imaging biomarker has proved useful to accurately identify patients at risk of liver-related complications. Among specific fibrosis blood biomarkers, enhanced liver fibrosis is the most widely utilized and has been approved in the United States as a prognostic biomarker. For imaging biomarkers, the availability of vibration-controlled transient elastography has been largely improved over the past years, enabling the use of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for accurate assessment of significant and advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Combining LSM with other routinely available blood tests enhances the ability to diagnose at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and predict liver-related complications, some reaching an accuracy comparable to that of liver biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging-based modalities provide the most accurate quantification of liver fibrosis, though the current utilization is limited to research settings. Expanding their future use in clinical practice depends on factors such as cost and facility availability.

In managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which affects over 30% of the general population, effective noninvasive biomarkers for assessing disease severity, monitoring disease progression, predicting the development of liver-related complications, and assessing treatment response are crucial. The advantage of simple fibrosis scores lies in their widespread accessibility through routinely performed blood tests and extensive validation in different clinical settings. They have shown reasonable accuracy in diagnosing advanced fibrosis and good performance in excluding the majority of patients with a low risk of liver-related complications. Among patients with elevated serum fibrosis scores, a more specific fibrosis and imaging biomarker has proved useful to accurately identify patients at risk of liver-related complications. Among specific fibrosis blood biomarkers, enhanced liver fibrosis is the most widely utilized and has been approved in the United States as a prognostic biomarker. For imaging biomarkers, the availability of vibration-controlled transient elastography has been largely improved over the past years, enabling the use of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for accurate assessment of significant and advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Combining LSM with other routinely available blood tests enhances the ability to diagnose at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and predict liver-related complications, some reaching an accuracy comparable to that of liver biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging-based modalities provide the most accurate quantification of liver fibrosis, though the current utilization is limited to research settings. Expanding their future use in clinical practice depends on factors such as cost and facility availability.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary fibrogenic cells in the liver, and their activation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a key modulator of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. RXRα exerts its effects by modulating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα). In addition, we demonstrate that K-80003, which binds RXRα by a unique mechanism, effectively suppresses HSC activation, proliferation, and migration, thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis in the CCl₄ and amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet animal models. The effect is mediated by AMPKα activation, promoting mitophagy in HSCs. Mechanistically, K-80003 activates AMPKα by inducing RXRα to form condensates with CaMKKβ and AMPKα via a two-phase process. The formation of RXRα condensates is driven by its N-terminal intrinsic disorder region and requires phosphorylation by CaMKKβ. Our results reveal a crucial role of RXRα in liver fibrosis regulation through modulating mitochondrial activities in HSCs. Furthermore, they suggest that K-80003 and related RXRα modulators hold promise as therapeutic agents for fibrosis-related diseases.

Drug resistance is one of the key factors affecting the effectiveness of cancer treatment methods, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Its occurrence is related to factors such as mRNA expression and methylation within cancer cells. If drug resistance in patients can be accurately identified early, doctors can devise more effective treatment plans, which is of great significance for improving patients' survival rates and quality of life. Cancer drug resistance prediction based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology has emerged as a current research hotspot, demonstrating promising application prospects in guiding clinical individualized and precise medication for cancer patients. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the research progress in utilizing AI algorithms to analyze multi-omics data including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, radiomics, and histopathology, for predicting cancer drug resistance. It provides a detailed exposition of the processes involved in data processing and model construction, examines the current challenges faced in this field and future development directions, with the aim of better advancing the progress of precision medicine.

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

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Objective To study the infection of multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO)in elderly pa-tients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)and analyze the infection factors.Methods The medi-cal records of 175 elderly patients with CAUTI admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected,the distribution of MDRO infection in elderly patients with CAUTI was analyzed,and the influencing factors of MDRO infection were analyzed.The predictive value of independent risk factors for rele-vant nosocomial infections was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curves.Results Among the 175 elderly patients with CAUTI,87 cases(49.71％)developed MDRO infection and were included in the MDRO infection group),and 88 cases(50.29％)had no MDRO infection and were included in the non-MDRO infection group.A total of 432 MDRO pathogens were detected in the MDRO infection group,inclu-ding 415 strains of Gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 96.06％,186 strains of carbapenem-resistant Acine-tobacter baumannii(43.06％),147 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(34.03％),79 strains of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(18.29％)and 3 strains of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(0.69％).There were 17 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(3.94％),all of which were methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Multivariate analysis showed that the use of carbapenems,tigecycline,polymyxin,and days of central venous intubation were considered as independent risk factors.The area under the curve of MDRO infection was 0.883.Conclusion For elderly patients with CAUTI,it is necessary to take strict antimicrobial management measures,master the indications of antimicrobial application,shorten the hos-pitalization time of patients and reduce the incidence of MDRO infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yaobitong Capsules combined with Fu's subcutaneous needling on lumbar range of motion and surface electromyography of trunk extensors in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A total of 80 patients with LDH of blood stasis type were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Yaobitong Capsules orally,and the study group was given Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with Yaobitong Capsules orally.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 2 weeks.The changes of lumbar range of motion,pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,improved Chinese Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(RMDQ)score and surface electromyography of trunk extensors in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 2 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 97.50%(39/40),and that of the control group was 80.00%(32/40).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the range of motion of lumbar flexion,extension and rotation in the two groups was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the improvement of lumbar range of motion in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the lumbar function scores of ODI score and RMDQ score in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of ODI score and RMDQ score in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)The pain VAS scores of the study group after one week,2 weeks and one month of treatment and the pain VAS scores of the control group after 2 weeks and one month of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of pain VAS scores of the study group after one week,2 weeks and one month of treatment was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,the parameters of surface electromyography of trunk extensors such as integrated electromyographic value(IEMG)and mean power frequency(MPF)in the two groups were obviously increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase of MPF and IEMG in the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Yaobitong Capsules combined with Fu's subcutaneous needling can significantly enhance the curative effect of LDH patients,alleviate the lumbar range of motion,improve the surface electromyography of trunk extensors,and relieve muscle fatigue and pain symptoms.

Objective:To explore the expert opinions on the revision of the Diagnosis of Occupational Arsenic Poisoning (GBZ 83-2013) .Methods:In March 2023, the improved Delphi expert consultation method was adopted, in the first round of consultation, a pre-survey was conducted on 20 experts, and the questionnaire was improved according to the experts' opinions. Then, a second round of expert consultation questionnaire was formed to conduct a questionnaire survey and consultation of 50 experts engaged in occupational disease diagnosis and related work. The feedback of experts was collected and analyzed.Results:The average score for the scientificity and progressiveness of the main technical content of the original standard was 3.33, and the average score for the rationality and operability of the main technical content of the original standard was 3.25. The importance of individual indicators with specific connotations were ranged from 4.20 to 4.45, with coefficients of variation <0.25, and the experts' opinions were relatively concentrated. The experts have provided feedback indicating that the original standard had issues such as lack of continuity in diagnostic gradation, the need to integrate biomarkers with urinary and hair arsenic levels, a scarcity of objective diagnostic indicators, the removal of exposure response from the main text, and a low level of consistency in standard usage. These issues need to be revised urgently.Conclusion:The Diagnosis of Occupational Arsenic Poisoning (GBZ 83-2013) should be revised based on experts' feedback and suggestions to meet the current real demand for occupational arsenic poisoning diagnosis.