Work serves as a critical means of obtaining resources, facilitating personal growth, realizing self-worth, and engaging in social interactions. However, work-related diseases pose significant threats to workers’ health and productivity, and impose considerable economic burdens. This article categorized work-related diseases into six major types, including musculoskeletal disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, reproductive system diseases, and non-specific respiratory diseases, and summarized their risk factors, assessment methods, policy regulation, and prevention and control measures. Current research in this field predominantly relies on cross-sectional studies, which present limitations in causal inference and potential risks of bias. Future studies should expand sample sizes, optimize research designs, and establish multidimensional evaluation systems to comprehensively assess the health and economic impacts of work-related diseases. It is recommended to enhance the translation of research findings into practice, thereby providing a scientific basis for the occupational health protection system and promoting the well-being and sustainable development of the working population.

Objective To evaluate the intravascular volume at different levels of edema and disease course by the fractional excretion of filtered sodium(FeNa)of children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods A total of 172 children with newly diagnosed PNS who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 2022 to September 2024 were selected and divided into non-e-dema group(n=51),mild edema group(n=43),moderate edema group(n=46)and severe edema group(n=32)according to the degree of edema at the time of admission.A total of 40 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Serum creatinine,ser-um sodium were detected before and after treatment.Urine samples were collected to detect urine creatinine,urine sodium,FeNa was calculated and compared according to the results,and the degree of edema was recor-ded.24 h urine samples were collected on the same day to detect 24 h urine protein quantification and 24 h u-rine volume.Results On day 1 to 2 of the course of the disease,about 12%of the PNS children had FeNa<0.2%,indicating insufficient intravascular volume,which was mainly concentrated in the severe edema group.The moderate,severe edema group had a significantly lower FeNa level than the non-edema group,mild edema group,and healthy control group(P<0.01).The moderate edema group had a significant increase in FeNa on days 6 to 7 of the course of the disease,and the severe edema group had a significant increase in Fena on days 11 to 12 of the course of the disease(P<0.01).Conclusion Intravascular volume of PNS children with mod-erate to severe edema is often reduced,and intravascular volume may be insufficient in severe edema.PNS chil-dren with moderate to severe edema have increased intravascular volume with the extension of the course of disease and the improvement of the condition.

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

Objective To analyze the influence path of medical students'professional identity on positive defensive medical behaviors and examine the mediating effect of medical risk perception between the two,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for medical education to actively adapt to the demands of the medical and health system reform and promote the scientific guidance of positive defensive medical behaviors.Methods ln 2020,a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students from four medical colleges in Heilongjiang Province using cluster sampling method,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results Medical students'professional identity showed a significant positive correlation with their positive defensive medical behavior(β=0.225,P＜0.001),with medical risk perception acting as a partial mediator(indirect effect accounting for 19%of the total effect).Professional identity(β=0.183,P＜0.001)and medical risk perception(β=0.195,P＜0.001)exerted direct positive effects on positive defensive medical behavior.Conclusion Medical students'professional identity drives them to adopt positive defensive medical behaviors by strengthening their sense of responsibility ethics and risk cognition ability,and medical risk perception is a key mediating variable in this process.Educational management should integrate policy-oriented clinical decision-making training and balance medical safety and efficiency through the collaborative mechanism of"professional identity-risk perception-behavioral practice".

Objective To explore the change of nucleoplasm distribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha(GRα)in peripheral blood of children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS)during the course of the disease,aiming at evaluating the correlation between nuclear transport abnormality and different GC responses.Methods A total of 45 children with PNS were enrolled as subjects in this prospective study,and divided into steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS,n=36)and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS,n=9)groups,according to their response to GC.The SSNS group was further subclassified into non-frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(NFRNS,n=21)and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(FRNS,n=15)based on relapse frequency during 12-month follow-up.Peripheral blood samples were collected before GC treatment,6-week and 6-month after GC treatment.GRα nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescence assay,and their correlations with clinical-laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results Before the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among different groups(P＞0.05),the GRαin the three groups were localized mainly in cytoplasm,and the nucleocytoplasmic ratio showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05).6-week after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05),the GRα in SSNS group were localized mainly in nucleus,while those in SRNS group were localized mainly in cytoplasm.Furthermore,nucleocytoplasmic ratio in NFRNS group and SRNS group demonstrated significant differences,while those in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).6-month after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),GRα in the two groups were localized mainly in nucleus,and their nucleocytoplasmic ratio had significantly differences(P＜0.05).The GRα nucleocytoplasmic ratio in children with PNS was negatively correlated with 24-hour urine protein(24 h-UTP),TNF-α,while positively correlated with serum albumin(Alb).Conclusion There are differences in nuclear transport ability among PNS children of SRNS,NFRNS and FRNS groups,and these differences are correlated with the differency of GC responses.

Objective:To analyze the application of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making both domestically and internationally, and to provide references and insights for future research in this area.Methods:A search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science for relevant studies on the application of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making, with the search period extending from database inception to April 1, 2024. The scope review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley was used to guide the literature summary and analysis.Results:A total of 9 studies were included in the review. The main presentation forms of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making were text, charts, and videos. The main contents included assessing patients' decision-making needs, providing informational support, and summarizing the decision-making process. The evaluation criteria focused on 2 areas: decision quality (preparedness for decision-making, self-efficacy, decision conflict, regret, actual participation, satisfaction, knowledge of the disease, and treatment choices) and psychological state.Conclusions:It is recommended that future researchers fully consider patients' treatment decision-making needs and preferences, provide a more diverse range of information presentation methods, and strengthen the comprehensiveness and scientific basis of the content. These improvements aim to enhance decision quality and, through multi-center, large-sample, high-quality studies, further explore the effectiveness of these tools in clinical applications, thereby providing more evidence for their widespread adoption.

Objective To explore the change of nucleoplasm distribution of glucocorticoid receptor alpha(GRα)in peripheral blood of children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS)during the course of the disease,aiming at evaluating the correlation between nuclear transport abnormality and different GC responses.Methods A total of 45 children with PNS were enrolled as subjects in this prospective study,and divided into steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS,n=36)and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS,n=9)groups,according to their response to GC.The SSNS group was further subclassified into non-frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(NFRNS,n=21)and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome(FRNS,n=15)based on relapse frequency during 12-month follow-up.Peripheral blood samples were collected before GC treatment,6-week and 6-month after GC treatment.GRα nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescence assay,and their correlations with clinical-laboratory indicators were analyzed.Results Before the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among different groups(P＞0.05),the GRαin the three groups were localized mainly in cytoplasm,and the nucleocytoplasmic ratio showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05).6-week after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity showed no significantly difference among the three groups(P＞0.05),the GRα in SSNS group were localized mainly in nucleus,while those in SRNS group were localized mainly in cytoplasm.Furthermore,nucleocytoplasmic ratio in NFRNS group and SRNS group demonstrated significant differences,while those in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).6-month after the GC treatment,the average fluorescence intensity in NFRNS group and FRNS group showed no significant difference(P＞0.05),GRα in the two groups were localized mainly in nucleus,and their nucleocytoplasmic ratio had significantly differences(P＜0.05).The GRα nucleocytoplasmic ratio in children with PNS was negatively correlated with 24-hour urine protein(24 h-UTP),TNF-α,while positively correlated with serum albumin(Alb).Conclusion There are differences in nuclear transport ability among PNS children of SRNS,NFRNS and FRNS groups,and these differences are correlated with the differency of GC responses.

Objective:To analyze the application of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making both domestically and internationally, and to provide references and insights for future research in this area.Methods:A search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science for relevant studies on the application of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making, with the search period extending from database inception to April 1, 2024. The scope review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley was used to guide the literature summary and analysis.Results:A total of 9 studies were included in the review. The main presentation forms of mobile application-based decision support tools in patient treatment decision-making were text, charts, and videos. The main contents included assessing patients' decision-making needs, providing informational support, and summarizing the decision-making process. The evaluation criteria focused on 2 areas: decision quality (preparedness for decision-making, self-efficacy, decision conflict, regret, actual participation, satisfaction, knowledge of the disease, and treatment choices) and psychological state.Conclusions:It is recommended that future researchers fully consider patients' treatment decision-making needs and preferences, provide a more diverse range of information presentation methods, and strengthen the comprehensiveness and scientific basis of the content. These improvements aim to enhance decision quality and, through multi-center, large-sample, high-quality studies, further explore the effectiveness of these tools in clinical applications, thereby providing more evidence for their widespread adoption.

Objective To analyze the influence path of medical students'professional identity on positive defensive medical behaviors and examine the mediating effect of medical risk perception between the two,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for medical education to actively adapt to the demands of the medical and health system reform and promote the scientific guidance of positive defensive medical behaviors.Methods ln 2020,a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students from four medical colleges in Heilongjiang Province using cluster sampling method,and data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results Medical students'professional identity showed a significant positive correlation with their positive defensive medical behavior(β=0.225,P＜0.001),with medical risk perception acting as a partial mediator(indirect effect accounting for 19%of the total effect).Professional identity(β=0.183,P＜0.001)and medical risk perception(β=0.195,P＜0.001)exerted direct positive effects on positive defensive medical behavior.Conclusion Medical students'professional identity drives them to adopt positive defensive medical behaviors by strengthening their sense of responsibility ethics and risk cognition ability,and medical risk perception is a key mediating variable in this process.Educational management should integrate policy-oriented clinical decision-making training and balance medical safety and efficiency through the collaborative mechanism of"professional identity-risk perception-behavioral practice".