1.Assessment of nutritional status and nutrient intake of teenage pregnant women in the Philippines
Emily O. Rongavilla ; Joanne Jette S. Gulay ; Eldridge B. Ferrer ; Rowena V. Viajar ; Georgina S. Caraig ; Julieta B. Dorado
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2026;32(No. 1):53-63
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a persistent global health challenge, with an
estimated 13% of females below 18 years having given birth in 2022 (UNICEF, 2024).
In the Philippines, approximately 5% of females aged 15–19 years have experienced
pregnancy or childbirth (PSA, 2022). This study evaluated the nutritional and health
status, nutrient intake, health-seeking behaviours, and participation in government
programmes among pregnant adolescents (PAs) aged 10-19 years in selected
municipalities in Batangas, Laguna, and Quezon Provinces. Methods: A crosssectional design was employed in 2022, involving 165 PAs and 28 key informants
(KIs) interviewed via mobile or video calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. Energy
and nutrient intake were assessed using a 24-hour food recall. Results: Among
participants (mean age 17.7 years), 50% were nutritionally at risk, 70% had normal
blood pressure, 24% were pre-hypertensive, and 6% were hypertensive. Mean
energy intake ranged from 2,267 kcal (16–18 years) to 2,791 kcal (13–15 years), with
only one-third to one-half meeting recommended intake levels (p=0.087). Protein
adequacy ranged from 59 to 70%, while calcium (28–39%) and iron (5–10%) intakes
were markedly deficient. Niacin adequacy differed significantly across age groups
(p=0.036). These findings align with national data, where only 14.9% of PAs meet
energy intake, and 23% are anaemic (DOST-FNRI, 2023). Cultural beliefs (67.3%)
and food fallacies (53.3%) were common, while 64% said needed programmes and
services were available. Conclusion: The findings highlighted significant nutritional
deficiencies, underscoring the need for intensified monitoring, targeted nutritional
interventions, and comprehensive educational strategies to support adolescent
maternal health.


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