Objective To investigate the clinical effects of different right lung volume reduction techniques when the donor lung is oversized and mismatched with the recipient. Methods Clinical data of 10 recipients who underwent right lung volume reduction lung transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2022 to June 2024 were collected, including gender, age, primary disease type, and type of transplantation. A retrospective analysis was performed on postoperative complications within 90 days, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, and survival status to explore the impact of different volume reduction techniques on the survival rate of lung transplant recipients. Results A total of 10 right lung volume reduction recipients were included in this study, with 2 cases of upper lobe reduction, 7 cases of middle lobe reduction, and 1 case of lower lobe reduction. Three recipients developed airway complications (one each with upper, middle, and lower lobe reduction). The 30-day survival rate was 90% and the 1-year survival rate was 70%. One recipient with upper lobe reduction died of septic shock during the perioperative period, one with lower lobe reduction died of airway anastomotic fistula 2 months after surgery, and one with middle lobe reduction died of renal insufficiency 1 year after surgery. All 7 recipients with middle lobe reduction successfully passed the perioperative period, with one case of airway anastomotic stenosis (1/7). The average duration of mechanical ventilation was 71 hours, and the average hospital stay was 26 days. The 30-day survival rate was 7/7, and the 1-year survival rate was 6/7. Conclusions Middle lobe reduction in right lung transplantation surgery has the advantages of low incidence of airway complications, good safety, and minimal loss of lung function, and may be a better right lung volume reduction option with potential for application.

Objective To explore the relationship between minimal residual disease(MRD)on the 19th day(D19)and prognosis of children with acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL),as well as the correlation with related biological changes.Methods A total of 88 children with B-ALL newly diagnosed in this hospital from April 2016 to April 2020 who met the enrollment conditions were analyzed for induction therapy D19 MRD,overall survival(OS)rate,event-free survival(EFS)rate,chromosome karyotype,fusion gene and mu-tation gene.MRD≥ 0.01％was considered positive,and they were divided into MRD positive group and MRD negative group.The characteristics of OS rate,EFS rate,immunophenotype and molecular biology/cytogenet-ics were compared between the two groups over a period of 3 years.Results The 3-year OS rate and EFS rate of 88 pediatric patients were 92.0％and 86.4％,respectively.The rates of OS rate and EFS rate in MRD posi-tive group were lower than those in MRD negative group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The detec-tion rate of CD10 in MRD positive group was lower than that in MRD negative group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Thirty-two patients(36.4％)detected 8 types of 35 fusion genes.The de-tection rates of BCR-ABL1 and E2A-PBX1 in MRD positive group were higher than those in MRD negative group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Among 48 cases(54.5％)of pediatric pa-tients,41 types of 91 mutated genes were detected,and the remaining mutated genes were less than 5 cases.Abnormal karyotype was detected in 18 cases(20.5％),and no mitotic phase was detected in 17 cases.There was no difference in MRD between normal and abnormal karyotype.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that BCR-ABL1 and E2A-PBX1 were prognostic factors of children with B-ALL.Conclusion The positive D19 MRD is the influential factor of adverse OS and EFS in children with B-ALL.Both E2A-PBX1 and BCR-ABL1 have adverse effects on the prognosis of children with B-ALL.

From December 2022 to January 2023, 4 lung transplant recipients (3 males and 1 female, aged 52-60 years, all received transplantation less than 1 year) were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University due to COVID-19 after surgery. The clinical manifestations were mostly characterized by elevated body temperature accompanied by shortness of breath, and indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygenation index could reflect the severity of the condition. The therapy was timely adjusted to immunosuppressive drugs, upgraded oxygen therapy, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapy, prone ventilation, general treatment, and anticoagulant therapy, depending on the situation. Finally, 3 patients were cured and discharged from hospital, and 1 died.

Objective    To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods    The clinical data of 11 male patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from December 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 52.0-79.0 (62.0±6.9) years. The imaging data and pathological changes before and after neoadjuvant treatment were compared, and adverse reactions during neoadjuvant treatment were recorded. Objective remission rate (ORR) and main pathological remission rate (MPR) and pathological complete remission rate (pCR) were the main observation endpoints. Results    After preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab combined with platinum or paclitaxel, all patients successfully underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. The ORR was 72.7%, and the MPR was 81.8%. Among them, 45.5% of patients achieved pCR. The main adverse reactions were hypoalbuminemia, decreased appetite and nausea. The mortality rate within 30 days after surgery was 0, and no tumor metastasis was observed. Conclusion    Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and feasible to treat non-small cell lung cancer, and the short-term efficacy is beneficial.

Objective: Our study aims to investigate the radiation associated H3 modification in regulating OIP5-AS1 to lay foundation for developing therapeutic targets on reversing radiation resistance of esophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods: We recruited 137 ESCC patients from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used for detecting the expressions of target genes. Wound healing assay and CCK8 assay were used to detect the migration and proliferation abilities. ChIP assay was used to detect the interaction between OIP5-AS1 and H3K27ac. Results: OIP5-AS1 was highly expressed in ESCC radiation resistant patients and promoted the migration and proliferation abilities of ESCC radiation resistant cells. H3K27ac was activated in ESCC radiation resistant cells and was enriched in the promoter region of OIP5-AS1. CBP was upregulated in ESCC radiation resistant cells; its inhibitor, C646, could suppress the enrichment of H3K27ac in the promoter region of OIP5-AS1. Results: OIP5-AS1 regulated radioresistance in ESCC. CBP promoted the interaction between H3K27ac and OIP5-AS1, thereby activating the expression of OIP5-AS1 and resulting in radioresistance.

This paper reports the changes in susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to 32 antimicrobial agents from 1959 to 1988. The clinical observation on the treatment of typhoid fever caused by drug-sensitive and resistant strains of S. typhi arc also reported. Resistant Salmonella began to appear from the year of 1986. The in vitro studies indicated that drug-resistant S. typhi were resistant to commonly anti-typhoid agents such as chloramphenicol, SMZ/TMP, ampicillin and other drugs, but were very sensitive to new quinolones and the third generation cephalosporins. The .therapeutic effects correlate well with the in vitro sensitivity tests. Typhoids caused by drug-sensitive strains responded well when treated with chloramphenicol, SMZ/TMP or ampicillin, while those caused by resistant strains only responded well to norfloxacin or its combi-nation with other drugs