A 42-year-old female patient presented with a complete ear amputation resulting from a collision with a machine. The ear was avulsed by blunt trauma, meaning that it was torn away rather than being cleanly cut. Fortunately, the auricular cartilage remained intact and preserved its overall shape despite the amputation. However, the surrounding blood vessels were not suitable for microanastomosis. In the first-stage operation, the auricular cartilage was de-epithelialized and embedded into the postauricular area. Three months later, during the second-stage operation, the embedded auricular cartilage framework was elevated to achieve normal auricular projection. During the postoperative period, a customized mold based on the shape of the patient’s contralateral ear was fabricated using 3D printing technology and applied to the reconstructed ear to refine the contour and achieve a natural appearance. The overall outcome was favorable, with no complications observed during the postoperative care period.

We report the first identification in Korea of the rare ABO*AW31.02-05 allele in a patient with an ABO discrepancy.Forward ABO typing demonstrated a clear B phenotype, whereas reverse typing showed no agglutination. Molecular analysis revealed an ABO*AW31.02-05/B.01 genotype. In silico prediction using PolyPhen-2 and SIFT indicated that both amino acid substitutions (p.Phe216Ile and p.Val277Met) were deleterious, consistent with markedly reduced A-transferase activity. This case highlights the value of genotyping and in silico prediction in identifying the causative allele and clarifying ABO discrepancies.

In December 2025， the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases （AASLD） and the American Society of Transplantation （AST） jointly issued an updated guideline on the evaluation of adult liver transplant candidates. The guideline is organized into four domains， i.e.， referral for liver transplantation， candidate evaluation， contraindications to liver transplantation， and special considerations （e.g.， living donor liver transplantation）， in order to provide a standardized framework for clinical assessment. This new guideline updates the 2013 edition based on the latest evidence-based medical evidence and incorporates discussions on emerging indications for liver transplantation， including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal liver metastases. This guideline emphasizes that candidate assessment must be individualized， and the assessment process must be transparent and consistent. This article gives an excerpt of the key recommendations in this guideline for readers’ reference.

In April 2026， the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China released Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer （2026 edition）. This edition incorporates an independent chapter of “prevention， screening， and monitoring” to build a hierarchical and precise prevention and control system， establishes a comprehensive therapeutic paradigm targeting surgical resection， and clarifies the core position of conversion therapy and neoadjuvant therapy. It also updates the recommendations for interventional and systemic therapies and strengthens the whole-course management of underlying liver diseases. This article interprets the key updates of this new edition to better guide clinical practice.

In order to investigate the related pathogens and reveal the etiological characteristics of gout in goslings,191 typical clinical cases from partial regions of China were examined by RT-PCR/PCR detection of viral nucleic acids in domestic poultry and pathological analysis.The autop-sy results show that the clinical cases could be classified into three types based on the severity of urate deposition:severe,moderate,and mild,namely systemic urate deposition,local urate deposi-tion mainly in the liver and kidneys,and only a small amount of fine-grained urate deposition in the liver,gallbladder,or glandular stomach.The results of RT-PCR/PCR detection showed that the to-tal positive rates were as follows:GAstV Group2 63.9％,GAstV Group1 50.3％,AAstV-2 38.7％,novel Muscovy duck parvovirus(NPV)17.8％,GPV 16.2％,GoCV 12.6％,MDPV 7.9％,MDRV 8.4％,DPV 0.5％,GPMV and NDV 0.5％,the AstV-1、ARV、TMUV、NDV、FAdV、GHPyV were zero.Among all the postive samples,the rates of single positive,double positive,and multiple posi-tive were 18.3％,27.2％,and 44.0％,respectively.The rate of single positive samples containing AAstV was only 12.0％,the double or multiple positive samples containing GAstV Group 1/2 was 60.7％,and the rate of samples without GAstV Group 1/2 was 10.5％.The results also showed that 20(10.5％)samples were negative for 16 types of viruses.The AAstV particles isolated from single positive samples appear spherical shape,non-enveloped and 20-80 nm minsize.Two types of virus particles which with spherical shape and diameters of 40-100 and 20-40 nm can be isolated from the negative samples.The virus inoculation results show that the goose embryos can be led to death by clinical GAstV isolates,which with classic histopathological characteristics.Although the GAstV isolates cannot led to death and obvious typical histopathological change in goslings,the vi-ral nucleic acids can be detected in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,intestine and cloacal anal swabs.The above results indicated that there were multiple pathogens co-infection dominated by AAstv in Gosling gout in China,including cross species infections of multiple AAstVs,parvovirus,ARV and suspec-ted novel viruses.Moreover,the GAstV maybe not the only pathogen causing gout in goslings.

Goose astrovirus(GAstV)has become one of the most important pathogens endangering the goose farming industry in China.To discover the genomic information of prevalent strains in China in 2022 and reveal their biological characteristics,the whole genomes of 9 strains of GAstV-1 and 12 strains of GAstV-2 isolated from parts of China in 2022 were sequenced by the Chromo-some Walking and analyzed by bioinformatics software and websites.The analysis results of gene structure showed that the sizes of the coding genes ranged from 6 977 to 7 215 bp.The open read-ing frame 1(ORF1)of all strains contained the characteristic motifs of serine protease,nuclear lo-calization signal(NLS)and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp).The ribosomal frameshift signals(RFS)were all in the form of stem-loop structures.However,the numbers of stem and loop nucleotides in GAstV-1 were"14+11"configuration,while those in GAstV-2 were"12+14"configuration,and the loop of GAstV-2 was in the"8+6"double-loop configuration.The results of homological analysis for ORF1b showed that the homology of the GAstV-1 isolats compared with the representative strains of avian astrovirus types 1,2,and 3(AAstV-1,AAstV-2,AAstV-3)ranged from 7％to 64％,and the homology of the GAstV-2 isolates ranged from 8％to 68％.The average genetic distances of ORF2 were 0.9,1.2,and 0.9 respectively compared with the represent-ative strains of AAstV-1,AAstV-2 and AAstV-3.While for the GAstV-2 isolates,the highest ho-mologies were 68％and 56％,the lowest homologies were 8％and 36％respectively.And the aver-age genetic distances of ORF2 were 1.0,1.2,and 0.5 respectively.B-cell-conformational epitopes screening results of ORF2 showed that,there were four common epitopes in the GAstV Group 1 i-solates,namely PRE,LALQSQSVNTFA,AAG and YQQVTSDQSI except for N-145,N-287 and N-314 in the two strains G1FJ267 and G1JS277.And there were seven common conformational epitopes in the GAstV-2 isolates,namely NQE,RAN,GPE,PRQ,TRAQ,SNS,and AVPPNTPL except for N-83,N-136,N-331 and N-351 in the strain G2FJ283-3B.The above results indicated that GAstV maybe belong to a new type of AAstV because of the difference between the clinical i-solates and the known strains of AAstV.And there was pathogenic diversity among the isolates.All the isolates of GAstV-1 and GAstV-2 belong to two different serotypes,and the possible serologi-cal subtypes among the isolates of GAstV-1 or GAstV-2 are remained to be further identified by serological tests.

Objective The quality of compound menthol nasal drops was reviewed and analyzed,and identified the bad trend in time.The improvement measures were formulated to improve the quality of the preparation.Methods Taking camphor and menthol in compound menthol nasal drops of Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,as indicators,the quality of 30 batches of samples was retrospectively analyzed using the capacity sixpack report.The failure mode and effect analysis(FMEA)were applied to the prospective quality risk management.Results All 30 batches of compound menthol nasal drops met the quality standards,and the process was under control.Howe ver,there were potential risks in the process of menthol,so risk management was carried out and improvement measures are formulated.Conclusion The compound menthol nasal drops of the hospital have stable quality,and the quality of the medicine can be continuously ensured with improved processes.

Objective To address the issue of information silos in inpatient pharmaceutical logistics,and to achieve real-time monitoring of hospital-wide pharmaceutical logistics,thereby reducing labor and time costs.Methods This study utilized the Hospital Information System(HIS)and barcode scanning technology to record and upload pharmaceutical logistics information.A questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data on clinical department satisfaction,and the number of drug circulation consultation calls as research subjects.The study evaluated the inpatient pharmaceutical comprehensive tracking service platform from the number of calls for drug circulation information and clinical department satisfaction.Results The inpatient pharmaceutical full-process tracking service platform allowed pharmacists and clinical departments to grasp pharmaceutical logistics information more.There was a significant decrease in the proportion of calls for drug circulation information to the pharmacy and pharmacy intravenous admixture service before and after the platform's implementation.The proportion of calls for drug circulation information was significantly reduced.Additionally,the satisfaction of clinical departments increased by 40.35％after the platform's implementation,indicating a significant improvement in satisfaction.Conclusion The inpatient pharmaceutical full-process tracking service platform(IPTP)has significantly enhanced the level of pharmaceutical informatization and raised the satisfaction rate of clinical departments.

In order to investigate the related pathogens and reveal the etiological characteristics of gout in goslings,191 typical clinical cases from partial regions of China were examined by RT-PCR/PCR detection of viral nucleic acids in domestic poultry and pathological analysis.The autop-sy results show that the clinical cases could be classified into three types based on the severity of urate deposition:severe,moderate,and mild,namely systemic urate deposition,local urate deposi-tion mainly in the liver and kidneys,and only a small amount of fine-grained urate deposition in the liver,gallbladder,or glandular stomach.The results of RT-PCR/PCR detection showed that the to-tal positive rates were as follows:GAstV Group2 63.9％,GAstV Group1 50.3％,AAstV-2 38.7％,novel Muscovy duck parvovirus(NPV)17.8％,GPV 16.2％,GoCV 12.6％,MDPV 7.9％,MDRV 8.4％,DPV 0.5％,GPMV and NDV 0.5％,the AstV-1、ARV、TMUV、NDV、FAdV、GHPyV were zero.Among all the postive samples,the rates of single positive,double positive,and multiple posi-tive were 18.3％,27.2％,and 44.0％,respectively.The rate of single positive samples containing AAstV was only 12.0％,the double or multiple positive samples containing GAstV Group 1/2 was 60.7％,and the rate of samples without GAstV Group 1/2 was 10.5％.The results also showed that 20(10.5％)samples were negative for 16 types of viruses.The AAstV particles isolated from single positive samples appear spherical shape,non-enveloped and 20-80 nm minsize.Two types of virus particles which with spherical shape and diameters of 40-100 and 20-40 nm can be isolated from the negative samples.The virus inoculation results show that the goose embryos can be led to death by clinical GAstV isolates,which with classic histopathological characteristics.Although the GAstV isolates cannot led to death and obvious typical histopathological change in goslings,the vi-ral nucleic acids can be detected in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,intestine and cloacal anal swabs.The above results indicated that there were multiple pathogens co-infection dominated by AAstv in Gosling gout in China,including cross species infections of multiple AAstVs,parvovirus,ARV and suspec-ted novel viruses.Moreover,the GAstV maybe not the only pathogen causing gout in goslings.