Objective:To successfully isolate and identify patient-derived ovarian cancer stem cells(OCSC),and to investigate the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 2(MCT2)in OCSC and its effects on the stem-ness and invasiveness of OCSC.Methods:Primary ovarian cancer cells were obtained,and OCSC models were established through screening and culturing.The screened OCSC were designated as the OCSC group,while the adherent primary cells were employed as control group 1.Two MCT2 inhibition constant Ki-specific inhibitors,namely[α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(CHC)and ARC155858],were utilized for intervention,setting up the CHC inhibition group and the ARC155858 inhibition group.The group with only the solvent DMSO added was set respectively as CHC control group 2 and ARC 155858 control group 2.Flow cytometry and qRT-PCR were used for identification of OCSC markers.The expression levels and locations of MCT2 were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.The effects of MCT2 inhibitors on the stemness and invasiveness of OCSC were verified using sphere formation assays and Matrigel invasion assays.Results:A primary OCSC cell bank consis-ting of 23 clinical models was established.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of MCT2 in OCSC group(5.78±3.55 and 122.89±19.90)was significantly higher than that in the control group 1(1.01±0.10 and 1.55±1.45),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.05).Fluorescent quantitative analysis confirmed that MCT2 expression in OCSC group was higher than that in the control group 1(6.79±0.67 AU vs.2.49±1.78 AU,P=0.030).Treatment with MCT2 inhibitors in OCSC resulted in a significant reduction in sphere formation in the CHC inhibition group(6.00±2.17 spheres/1000 cells)compared to the CHC control group 2(14.62±3.07 spheres/1000 cells),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.01),and in the ARC155858 inhibition group(11.00±4.42 spheres/1000 cells)compared to the ARC155858 control group 2(23.90±4.72 spheres/1000 cells),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.01).In Matrigel invasion assays,the invasiveness in the in-hibitor group was significantly lower than in the control group(ARC155858:inhibitor group 10.20±5.98 cells vs.control group 67.20±28.96 cells,P＜0.05).Conclusions:This study observed that MCT2 expression significantly increased in OCSC.Inhibition of MCT2 significantly reduces the stemness and invasiveness of OCSC,providing potential research directions for targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective:To successfully isolate and identify patient-derived ovarian cancer stem cells(OCSC),and to investigate the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 2(MCT2)in OCSC and its effects on the stem-ness and invasiveness of OCSC.Methods:Primary ovarian cancer cells were obtained,and OCSC models were established through screening and culturing.The screened OCSC were designated as the OCSC group,while the adherent primary cells were employed as control group 1.Two MCT2 inhibition constant Ki-specific inhibitors,namely[α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid(CHC)and ARC155858],were utilized for intervention,setting up the CHC inhibition group and the ARC155858 inhibition group.The group with only the solvent DMSO added was set respectively as CHC control group 2 and ARC 155858 control group 2.Flow cytometry and qRT-PCR were used for identification of OCSC markers.The expression levels and locations of MCT2 were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.The effects of MCT2 inhibitors on the stemness and invasiveness of OCSC were verified using sphere formation assays and Matrigel invasion assays.Results:A primary OCSC cell bank consis-ting of 23 clinical models was established.qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of MCT2 in OCSC group(5.78±3.55 and 122.89±19.90)was significantly higher than that in the control group 1(1.01±0.10 and 1.55±1.45),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.05).Fluorescent quantitative analysis confirmed that MCT2 expression in OCSC group was higher than that in the control group 1(6.79±0.67 AU vs.2.49±1.78 AU,P=0.030).Treatment with MCT2 inhibitors in OCSC resulted in a significant reduction in sphere formation in the CHC inhibition group(6.00±2.17 spheres/1000 cells)compared to the CHC control group 2(14.62±3.07 spheres/1000 cells),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.01),and in the ARC155858 inhibition group(11.00±4.42 spheres/1000 cells)compared to the ARC155858 control group 2(23.90±4.72 spheres/1000 cells),the difference is statistically significant(P＜0.01).In Matrigel invasion assays,the invasiveness in the in-hibitor group was significantly lower than in the control group(ARC155858:inhibitor group 10.20±5.98 cells vs.control group 67.20±28.96 cells,P＜0.05).Conclusions:This study observed that MCT2 expression significantly increased in OCSC.Inhibition of MCT2 significantly reduces the stemness and invasiveness of OCSC,providing potential research directions for targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the correlations of the expression of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with the clinical characteristics of patients with refractory epilepsy, as well as their predictive value. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 84 patients with refractory epilepsy, and they were included in observation group. During the same period, 35 patients with intracranial hypertension undergoing craniectomy for decompression were selected as control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4, while Nissl staining was applied to observe tissue morphology. The relevant experimental results were analyzed simultaneously. Results The expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The optical density values of HMGB1 and TLR4 protein bands as well as internal reference β-actin bands in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The intensity of TLR4 expression was correlated with seizure frequency, seizure duration, disease duration, and seizure type, while the intensity of HMGB1 expression was correlated with seizure frequency, seizure duration, and disease duration. In the lesion tissues, the expression of TLR4 was positively correlated with the expression of HMGB1, suggesting a synergistic effect between them. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) for TLR4 and HMGB1 proteins in predicting refractory epilepsy were 0.888 and 0.923, respectively. Conclusion HMGB1 and TLR4 are highly expressed in the lesions of patients with refractory epilepsy, and their expression intensities are positively correlated. They can predict the occurrence and development of the disease to a certain extent, providing new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of refractory epilepsy.

Objective: To understand the occurrence and predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a referential framework for schools to carry out targeted mental health education. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 first grade students from 23 middle schools were selected from 11 minority areas in Yunnan Province by cluster random sampling method. Demographic information and data relating to the students lifestyles were collected by questionnaire, and the Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Chi square test was performed to compare differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students for univariate analysis. A decision tree model of depressive symptoms in middle school students was established by using the Chi squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID). Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province was 28.26%. The decision tree model of depressive symptoms was academic stress ( χ 2=469.08) at the first level, breakfast behaviors (low/moderate academic stress: χ 2=155.49; severe academic stress: χ 2=105.24) at the second level, and the number of close friends (low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 0- 2 days weekly: χ 2=23.15; low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=14.99; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 0-2 days weekly: χ 2=29.26; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=20.15), ethnicity ( χ 2=78.22) and drinking ( χ 2=50.36) at the third level ( P <0.01). Conclusions The study identifies academic stress, breakfast behaviors, number of close friends, drinking and ethnicity as predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province. Schools should develop targeted strategies for preventing and managing depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to reduce their occurrence.

Objective: To determine the latent class of dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting mental health among border middle school students. Methods: A cluster random sampling involving 8 500 first grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey between October to December 2022. The Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect eating behavior data. The latent profile analysis model was used to fit the latent class of dietary patterns among students. The association between the dietary pattern latent class and depressive symptoms was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: The depressive symptom detection rate among firstgrade middle school students was 28.3%. Prevalence of depressive symptom in girls (30.9%) was higher than boys (25.5%) with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=29.83, P <0.01). The dietary patterns among first grade middle school students were classified into four latent classes, as follows:class 1 (low consumption of all dietary components), class 2 (high consumption of fruit, milk and dairy products), class 3 (high consumption of vegetables and meat, and low consumption of processed foods) and class 4 (low consumption of milk, dairy products and eggs, and high consumption of processed foods). After adjusting for confounding variables, the class 3 dietary pattern was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=0.62, 95%CI =0.52-0.74) and the class 4 dietary pattern was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI =1.05-1.57) ( P <0.05), compared with the class 1 dietary pattern. Conclusions Multi ethnic first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province follow various dietary patterns. Unhealthy dietary patterns increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The dietary patterns of multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province should be adjusted to promote the establishment of healthy dietary patterns and reduce the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students.

Objective: To investigate the association of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with insomnia and depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students from Yunnan Province, so as to provide evidence to guide interventions for the treatment of these symptoms in this population. Methods: From October to December 2022, 8 500 firstgrade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province were selected by cluster random sampling. Depressive symptoms, SSB consumption, and insomnia symptoms among students were evaluated by the Child Depression Scale (CDI), dietary frequency questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and their interaction effects among students. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 28.3%, and having insomnia symptoms ( OR=6.07, 95%CI =5.46-6.75), consuming carbonated beverages ( OR=1.20, 95%CI =1.08-1.34), tea ( OR=1.13, 95%CI =1.02-1.25), energy drinks ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.23-1.50), and other beverages ( OR=1.32, 95%CI =1.19-1.45) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students ( P < 0.05). Carbonated beverages (additive effect: OR=2.96, 95%CI =2.72-3.22, multiplicative effect: OR=4.75, 95%CI =4.25- 5.32 ), fruit drinks (additive effect: OR=2.61, 95%CI =2.40-2.82; multiplicative effect: OR=4.43, 95%CI =3.94-4.97), tea (additive effect: OR=2.70, 95%CI =2.47-2.89; multiplicative effect: OR=4.34, 95%CI =3.86-4.89), energy drinks (additive effect: OR=2.82, 95%CI =2.61-3.05; multiplicative effect: OR=4.48, 95%CI =3.92-5.12), sweetened milk (additive effect: OR= 2.73, 95%CI =2.06-2.96; multiplicative effect: OR=4.61, 95%CI =4.12-5.17) and other beverages (additive effect: OR= 2.73 , 95%CI =2.53-2.95; multiplicative effect: OR=4.56, 95%CI =4.00-5.20) had both additive and multiplicative effects with insomnia, and increased the risk of depressive symptoms in first grade middle school students ( P <0.01). Conclusions The interaction between the consumption of SSB and insomnia symptoms may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province. It is necessary to advocate middle school students to reduce SSB intake, in order to decrease the occurrence of depressive symptoms among this population.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and identify the influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with epilepsy caused by FCD admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2019 to November 2023 were chosen; standard preoperative evaluation, surgery, postoperative management and follow-up were performed. A retrospective study of clinical data, imaging and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) data, surgical approaches, pathological findings, and follow-up data was performed; influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls were analyzed.Results:In these 57 patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, 29 were males (50.88%) and 28 were females (49.12%). Onset age was 30.00 (8.00, 74.50) months, and surgery age was 95.00 (50.00, 138.50) months. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (42/57; 73.68%) and epileptic spasms (13/57; 22.81%) were common seizure types. Cranial MRI was positive in 34 patients (59.65%), mainly manifested as abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology (17/57; 29.82%). In 43 patients accepted PET-CT, hypometabolic sites were detected in 40 (93.02%), and complete agreement between PET/MRI fusion results and actual lesion sites was noted in 40 (93.02%). FCD type I was noted in 16 patients (28.07%), type II in 39 (68.42%), and type III in 2 (3.51%). By December 2023, 44 (77.19%) had Engel grading I, 4 (7.02%) had grading II, 4 (7.02%) had grading III, and 5 (8.77%) had grading IV. Children with good prognosis (Engel grading I+II) and those with poor prognosis (Engel grading III+IV) showed significant differences in terms of time from first seizure to surgery, positive/negative MRI, and regularity of postoperative ASMs ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is the most common seizure type in patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, and abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology is the most common MRI manifestation; PET/MRI fusion imaging is superior to PET-CT or MRI in identifying epileptogenic foci. Poor seizure control can be noted in patients with long onset time to surgery, with negative cranial MRI results, or with irregular postoperative ASMs.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) based on network pharmacology; To verify it by in vitro experiments.Methods:The effective active components and corresponding targets of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction were screened by retrieving TCMSP database, and the RP-related targets were obtained by searching GeneCards, OMIM and other databases. The interaction network diagram of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction-RP was drawn by Cytascape3.7.1 software, and the core targets were extracted. DAVID online database was used to enrich and analyze gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway; the FerrDb database was searched to obtain the genes that regulate ferroptosis, and finally comprehensively analyze the relationship between the active targets of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, RP and ferroptosis and make predictions; finally, molecular docking was performed by Auto Dock software to verify the reliability of the results. In vitro experiment, rat Muller cells were used as the research object, and LPS-induced cells were used to construct model cells in vitro. The blank group, model group, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups were set up, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method; the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferroptosis in the cells were detected by the kit method; the expressions of HIF-1α MRNA and GPX-4, FTH-1, ACSL4 mRNA levels in cells of each group were detected by RT-PCR.Results:Totally 117 effective targets were selected from Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, and IL-6, IL-1β, EGFR, ESR1, PPARG may be the targets of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in regulating ferroptosis and anti-RP. Buzhong Yiqi Decoction could regulate ferroptosis by mediating MAPK, HIF-1, TNF, AGE-RAGE, Toll-like receptor, IL-17, PI3K-Akt and other signal pathways. Molecular docking virtual results suggested that the quercetin, kaempferol, β-Sitosterol and IL-6, IL-1β, EGFR, ESR1, PPARG and other candidate core targets had good binding activity. Compared with the model group, the cell activity, level of SOD, LDH activity, MDA content and Fe 3+ content, IL-6 mRNA, HIF1A mRNA ,ACSL4 mRNA in each Buzhong Yiqi Decoction group significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the expressions of GPX-4 and FTH-1mRNA significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Buzhong Yiqi Decoction may play the role of anti-inflammation and anti-ferroptosis through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple molecular pathways, thus achieving the effect of prevention and treatment of RP.

The in vitro release is an important index to evaluate the quality of liposome formulation.Currently, there is no evaluation method for the in vitro release of liposome in pharmacopoeia of various countries, which leads to the lack of unified standard and safety guarantee for the quality evaluation of liposome formulation.Taking the self-made paclitaxel derivative liposomes as an example, the paddle membrane binding method established by optimizing external release conditions was used to simulate the complete release of paclitaxel derivative drugs in 12 hours under physiological conditions.The results showed that using 0.5% SDS-HEPES as the release medium and a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 1 000 kD to release the liposome solution met the requirements and had discrimination ability, providing a reference for the development of drug-loaded liposomes release methods in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of plasma exchange (PE) versus double plasma molecular adsorption system combined with PE (DPMAS+PE) in the treatment of toxic hepatic failure. Methods: A total of 67 patients with toxic hepatic failure who were admitted during the same period of time were divided into PE group, DPMAS+ PE group, and control group. The 22 patients in the PE group were treated with PE alone, and the 24 patients in the DPMAS+PE group were given DPMAS combined with PE. The clinical out-come was compared between the three groups. Results: Both treatment groups had significantly higher clinical response rate and 24-week survival rate than the control group. After treatment, both treatment groups had significant reductions in the serum levels of total bilirubin (TBil) , direct bilirubin (DBil) , alanine aminotransfer-ase (ALT) , and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , and the PE group had significant reductions in the albumin (Alb) level and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P<0.05) ; the DPMAS+PE group showed no sig-nificant changes in the Alb level and APTT (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in TBil, DBil, ALT, and AST between the two treatment groups after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the PE group had significantly higher Alb level and APTT than the DPMAS + PE group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, both treatment groups had significant reductions in TBil, DBil, ALT and AST after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion The two artificial liver support techniques can significantly improve patients' liver function and in-crease their survival rate, and the combined artificial liver support technique can reduce the amount of plasma used.