Objective To establish an acute rejection model of cervical heart transplantation in mice and evaluate the survival and dynamic rejection process post-transplantation. Methods Mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=10), syngeneic transplantation group (n=21), and allogeneic transplantation group (n=65). Sham operation, syngeneic cervical heart transplantation, and allogeneic cervical heart transplantation were performed respectively. The survival of recipient mice and grafts, histopathological changes of graft tissues, subpopulations of splenic lymphocytes, and expression of inflammatory factors in serum and grafts were observed. Results The survival rate and graft survival rate of the sham operation group and syngeneic transplantation group were 100% at 7 days after surgery. In the allogeneic transplantation group, 5 cases failed and died on the first day after surgery. The survival rate at 7 days after surgery was 86%, and all surviving mice had grafts that stopped beating at 7 days after surgery. The allogeneic transplantation group showed significant rejection at 7 days after surgery, accompanied by tissue damage and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. The proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen continued to rise post-operation, while the proportion of CD4⁺ T cells showed a downward trend. The expression of interferon-γ in serum and grafts peaked at 5 days after surgery, while the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Acute rejection following heart transplantation in mice intensifies between 5 to 7 days after surgery, which may be a critical time window for immunological intervention.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Methods After constructing a PICO framework,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about exercise for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease were systematically retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data,from the establishment of the databases to March,2025.The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature,Stata 17.0 was used for meta-analysis,and GRADE was used to assess the evidence quality.Results A total of twelve RCTs involving 463 patients were included,with PEDro scale scores of five to eight.Exercise improved the scores of Freezing of Gait Questionnaire(FOGQ)(SMD=-0.61,95%CI-0.85～-0.36,P<0.001)and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ(UPDRSⅢ)(SMD=-0.84,95%CI-1.27～-0.41,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis revealed that the patients aged 59 to 68 years,the course of disease

Objective To evaluate the effect of exercise on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Methods After constructing a PICO framework,randomized controlled trials(RCTs)about exercise for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease were systematically retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data,from the establishment of the databases to March,2025.The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of literature,Stata 17.0 was used for meta-analysis,and GRADE was used to assess the evidence quality.Results A total of twelve RCTs involving 463 patients were included,with PEDro scale scores of five to eight.Exercise improved the scores of Freezing of Gait Questionnaire(FOGQ)(SMD=-0.61,95%CI-0.85～-0.36,P<0.001)and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ(UPDRSⅢ)(SMD=-0.84,95%CI-1.27～-0.41,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis revealed that the patients aged 59 to 68 years,the course of disease

Objective:To systematically evaluate the intervention effect of electroencephalographic biofeed-back on the core symptoms as well as the sustained effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in adolescents.Methods:Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,China Biomedical Literature Database,China Knowledge Network,Wanfang database were searched.Retrieval of publicly available randomized controlled trials published from the time of construction to May 1,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software,and publication bias detection was performed using Stata 17.0 software.Results:A total of 14 studies were included,and meta-analysis showed that EEG biofeedback had a statistically significant effect on improving core symptoms(SMD=0.35,95％CI:0.19-0.52,P＜0.001),learning ability(SMD=0.26,95％CI:0.05-0.48,P＜0.05),oppositional defiant behaviour(SMD=0.24,95％CI:0.07-0.42,P＜0.01)in children and ado-lescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,statistically significant in the effects of sustained improvement in core symptoms(SMD=0.31,95％CI:0.13-0.49,P＜0.001)and learning ability(SMD=0.27,95％CI:0.06-0.49,P＜0.05).Conclusion:EEG biofeedback is effective in improving core symptoms and sustaining improve-ment in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the intervention effect of electroencephalographic biofeed-back on the core symptoms as well as the sustained effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in adolescents.Methods:Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,China Biomedical Literature Database,China Knowledge Network,Wanfang database were searched.Retrieval of publicly available randomized controlled trials published from the time of construction to May 1,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software,and publication bias detection was performed using Stata 17.0 software.Results:A total of 14 studies were included,and meta-analysis showed that EEG biofeedback had a statistically significant effect on improving core symptoms(SMD=0.35,95％CI:0.19-0.52,P＜0.001),learning ability(SMD=0.26,95％CI:0.05-0.48,P＜0.05),oppositional defiant behaviour(SMD=0.24,95％CI:0.07-0.42,P＜0.01)in children and ado-lescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,statistically significant in the effects of sustained improvement in core symptoms(SMD=0.31,95％CI:0.13-0.49,P＜0.001)and learning ability(SMD=0.27,95％CI:0.06-0.49,P＜0.05).Conclusion:EEG biofeedback is effective in improving core symptoms and sustaining improve-ment in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective:To explore the effects and mechanism of Salvianolic acid B(SalB)on Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice were randomly separated into control group(control)withoutdrugs,model group(MPTP)with intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrah-ydropyridine(MPTP),SalB control group with intraperitoneal injection of SalB,and SalB treatment group(MPTP+SalB).Construction of PD mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP,and treatment with intraperitoneal injection of SalB.Pole climbing test was applied to assess behavior differences.The time of first black stool excretion and water content of feces were measured to evaluate intestinal dysfunctions.The number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive cells in substantia nigra and the level of Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The pathological changes of colonic mucosa were observed by HE staining.The levels of calprotectin(CP)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in colon were determined by ELISA.Western blot was used to determine the level of TH in midbrain,the protein level of TH,tight junction protein(ZO-1),and protein level of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways which express in colon.Results:Com-pared with the Control group,the climbing time,T-turn time and the first black stool excretion time in MPTP group increased while the fecal water content and the number of TH positive cells in substantia nigra were decreased.Accompanied by TLR4 positive cells in colon,pathological injury score of colonic mucosa,levels of CP and TNF-α in colon increased,expression of TH in midbrain and expression of ZO-1 in colon decreased.Expressions of TLR4,MyD88,Nuclear NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 in colon increased.Com-pared with MPTP group,SalB treatment shortened the climbing time,T-turn time and the first black stool excretion time in SalB treat-ment group,increased the fecal water content and the number of TH positive cells in substantia nigra,lowered TLR4 positive cells in colon,enhanced expression of TH in midbrain and colon,reduced the pathological injury score of colonic mucosa,significantly decreased levels of CP and TNF-α in colon,enhanced expression of ZO-1 in colon,inhibited expressions of TLR4,MyD88,Nuclear NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 in colon.Conclusion:SalB can protect the nerves and intestines and alleviate the intestinal inflamma-tion of PD mice,which may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway.