Objective: To analyze the association between alcohol consumption and lumbar disc herniation (LDH), so as to provide a reference for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for LDH. Methods: From May to July 2022, permanent residents aged ≥18 years from eight counties (cities/districts) in Gansu Province were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Data on basic characteristics, alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were collected through questionnaire surveys. LDH was determined based on imaging findings, combined with disease history or clinical symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and LDH, with subgroup analyses conducted by gender, age, ethnicity, and altitude of residence. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized for sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 4 545 individuals were surveyed. There were 2 026 (44.58%) males and 2 519 (55.42%) females. The mean age was (44.82±15.33) years. The study participants were predominantly of Han ethnicity, with 2 598 persons accounting for 57.17%. The altitude of residence was mainly above 3 500 m, with 1 941 persons accounting for 42.71%. There were 574 alcohol drinkers, accounting for 12.63%. LDH was detected in 1 035 cases, with a detection rate of 22.77%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, physical activity, and hypertension, compared to non-drinking residents, alcohol-consuming residents exhibited a 27.6% reduction in the risk of LDH (OR=0.724, 95%CI: 0.544-0.963). No significant interaction effects on LDH risk were observed between alcohol consumption and gender, age, ethnicity, or altitude of residence (all Pfor interaction >0.05). The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that compared to non-drinking residents, alcohol-consuming residents exhibited a 38.8% reduction in the risk of LDH (OR=0.612, 95%CI: 0.382-0.976). Conclusion Alcohol consumption was statistically associated with a lower risk of LDH.

Anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery(AAOCA) refers to the abnormal initiation, route, or distribution of coronary arteries, which is generally believed to be caused by abnormal or incomplete development of embryonic coronary arteries, and is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation. It can exist independently without other congenital heart disease. With the development of medical science and people's understanding of AAOCA, more and more AAOCA has been detected, and its clinical significance has attracted more and more attention. Based on abnormal coronary artery opening, malignant or potential contorts can cause long-term blood flow dynamic change, appear abnormal blood vessel hardening of the arteries, at the same time due to walk in the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta between two vessels, vulnerable to the extrusion of large blood vessels, which caused a temporary blood flow in coronary artery interruption, can cause acute angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, exercise-induced cardiac syncope. This review focuses on the anatomy, diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery abnormalities arising from aorta.

Objective To investigate the differences in blood pressure phenotypes,renal pathological changes,and related pathogenic pathways in genetically diverse hypertensive mice obtained from 13 strains.Methods The genotypes of Cckbr+/+,Cckbr+/-and Cckbr-/-were obtained by hybridization of 13 strains of genetically diverse mice with Cckbr-/-mice.Blood pressure was measured with a noninvasive blood pressure analysis system(BP-2000).The expression of CCKBR protein in mouse kidney tissue was detected by Western Blot,and the pathological changes in mouse kidney tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry(IHC).The pathogenic pathways related to essential hypertension were screened by RNA sequencing.Results In three specific mouse strains(A/J,LOT,and FIM),the systolic blood pressure(SBP)was significantly different between the Cckbr-/-and Cckbr+/+groups.HE staining and IHC showed that hypertension caused a certain degree of renal injury in the mice.Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in metabolic processes and circadian rhythm regulation.Conclusions Genetically diverse mice can effectively simulate the genetic background of the population and provide a new resource for studying the pathogenic genes related to essential hypertension.

Objective:To measure the beam stability of the electron FLASH radiotherapy accelerator developed by the Institute of Applied Electronics of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics and to evaluate the performance of scintillator, fast current sensor (FCT) and graphite under the electron FLASH beam.Methods:Each continuous beam exit deviation and each pulse deviation at the electron FLASH radiotherapy accelerator in the same working state were measured. The correlation among three monitors and the measured dose of the accelerator at different electron beam energy (controlled by changing the charging voltage) and different beam pulse numbers were compared, which were validated by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure.Results:At the first high pressure, the first 10 scintillators and FCT signals were relatively large, approximately 2% deviation compared with the average value of 400 pulses. Among 40 beam outflows, the deviation between each pulse was within ±5%. In the accelerator steady state, each beam outflow deviation was within ±1%. Both simulated and measured values showed that the monitor could not be used for dose monitoring at different electron beam energy. However, when the energy was the same, only the number of beam pulses was changed, and linear relationship was observed between the number of the three monitors and the dose measured by the film (all R 2 > 0.999). Conclusions:The beam deviation of each beam outflow of this electron FLASH accelerator is within ±1%. Under the stability of the accelerator beam, the scintillator, FCT and graphite can meet the dose monitoring of the target area, which can provide reference for dose monitoring for subsequent biological experiments.

Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective To predict the target of Atractylodes-Panxia-Poria in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and to explore its potential molecular mechanism by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), PharmMapper, OMIM, GeneCards, STRING, DAVID and Cytoscape software were used to construct a series of network diagrams. The core targets and conduct GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the target genes were selected. Finally, molecular docking verification of key active ingredients and potential targets were conducted by AutoDock software. Results A total of 35 active ingredients, 190 related targets, 1566 targets of pancreatic cancer and 76 intersection targets were screened for the treatment of pancreatic cancer with Atractylodes-Panxia-Poria. These intersection targets were mainly involved in several biological processes, including positive regulation of gene expression, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway and regulation of apoptotic process, etc, which were also related to pathways in cancer, hepatitis B, colorectal cancer, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, pancreatic cancer, and MAPK signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components of Atractylodes-Panxia-Poria had certain affinity with the potential targets of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Atractylodes-Panxia-Poria mainly exerts a therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the clinical application of Atractylodes -Panxia-Poria in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the effects of three ferroptosis inducers Erastin (Era), sulfasalazine (SASP) and artesunate (Art) alone or combined with gemcitabine hydrochloride (hcGEM) on the proliferation inhibition of Human pancreatic cell line PANC -1. Methods The CCK-8 method was used to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of Era, SASP and Art alone or combined with hcGEM on the proliferation of PANC-1, and the combination index (CI) was used to judge whether three ferroptosis inducers combined with hcGEM had synergistic inhibitory effect on PANC-1. Results The three ferroptosis inducers and hcGEM alone or in combination could significantly inhibit the activity of PANC-1. The inhibitory effects were enhanced with the concentration increasing. The CI values of hcGEM-Era 4∶1 or 1∶4 combination group and hcGEM-SASP 1∶400 combination group were less than 1.The CI values of hcGEM-Art 1∶4 or 1∶16 combination group were less than 1 only within a certain concentration range. Conclusion The inhibitory effects of the three ferroptosis inducers and hcGEM alone or in combination were dose-dependent. The combination of hcGEM and three ferroptosis inducers could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of PANC-1.

The antimicrobial peptide Epinecidin-1 is a kind of small molecule active peptides extracted from Epinephelus coioides，which serves as the first line of defense for innate immune defense system of Epinephelus coioides against various pathogens. In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that the antimicrobial peptide Epinecidin-1 not only exhibits broad-spectrum anti-pathogen activities (including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, etc.), but also has pharmacological activities such as immune regulation, anti-cancer and wound healing. In this paper, the relevant research on the antimicrobial peptide Epinecidin-1 in recent years were summarized, including its mechanism of action, pharmacological activities, potential limitations and application prospects , so as to provide information for further research.

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass， destruction of bone tissue microarchitecture， and imbalance of bone homeostasis， leading to increased bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Oxidative stress caused by the disruption of the balance between excess reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the anti-oxidative system is an important factor in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway. Nrf2 is a primary factor in regulating cellular oxidative stress. Activating Nrf2 can stimulate the expression of HO-1. HO-1 is a key enzyme whose metabolites are bile green Oxygen， carbon monoxide， and free iron. The metabolites can scavenge ROS， thereby exerting an antioxidant effect in cells. At present， domestic and foreign scholars have reported that the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and the mechanism of drugs. Chinese medicine can effectively solve the insufficiency of western medicine with multi-target， multi-channel， and multi-level advantages. Chinese medicine can resist oxidative stress， inflammatory response， and apoptosis by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， thus treating osteoporosis. This article reviewed the relationship between Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and its key target protein factors and osteoporosis， to clarify the important role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in osteoporosis. At the same time， a systematic summary of Chinese medicines targeting and regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway for the treatment of osteoporosis was conducted， to provide a theoretical basis for further precise treatment of osteoporosis.

Genome-scale metabolomics analysis is increasingly used for pathway and function dis-covery in the post-genomics era.The great potential offered by developed mass spectrometry(MS)-based technologies has been hindered,since only a small portion of detected metabolites were iden-tifiable so far.To address the critical issue of low identification coverage in metabolomics,we adopted a deep metabolomics analysis strategy by integrating advanced algorithms and expanded reference databases.The experimental reference spectra and in silico reference spectra were adopted to facilitate the structural annotation.To further characterize the structure of metabolites,two approaches were incorporated into our strategy,i.e.,structural motif search combined with neutral loss scanning and metabolite association network.Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on 150 rice cultivars using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap MS.Consequently,a total of 1939 out of 4491 metabolite features in the MS/MS spectral tag(MS2T)library were annotated,representing an extension of annotation coverage by an order of magnitude in rice.The differential accumulation patterns of flavonoids between indica and japon-ica cultivars were revealed,especially O-sulfated flavonoids.A series of closely-related flavonolignans were characterized,adding further evidence for the crucial role of tricin-oligolignols in lignification.Our study provides an important protocol for exploring phytochemical diversity in other plant species.