Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Objective To conduct hazard vulnerability analysis(HVA)in a blood bank,aimed to identify high-risk e-vents and optimize emergency management measures.Methods The risk event evaluation index system was established by referring to the Kaiser model and the situation of Guangzhou Blood Center,and risk events were ranked by risk matrix and Borda count.Results The top five events with the highest risk values identified by Kaiser model were information system e-mergencies(39.61％),extreme weather(38.03％),major public sentiment(37.86％),public health events(37.37％)and policy changes(37.24％).The results of risk matrix and Borda count revealed 1 extremely high-risk indicator as information system emergency,5 high-risk indicators with the highest risk being major public sentiment,11 medium-risk indicators with the highest risk being major medical disputes and 1 low-risk indicator as external fires.Conclusion Conducting HVA in combination with the actual situation of blood banks can effectively identify high-risk events and provide theoretical basis for improving emergency management measures.

Inhibiting the death receptor 3(DR3)signaling pathway in group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)pre-sents a promising approach for promoting mucosal repair in individuals with ulcerative colitis(UC).Paeoniflorin,a prominent component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,has demonstrated the ability to restore barrier function in UC mice,but the precise mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to delve into whether paeoniflorin may promote intestinal mucosal repair in chronic colitis by inhibiting DR3 signaling in ILC3s.C57BL/6 mice were subjected to random allocation into 7 distinct groups,namely the control group,the 2％dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)group,the paeoniflorin groups(25,50,and 100 mg/kg),the anti-tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A(anti-TL1A)antibody group,and the IgG group.We detected the expression of DR3 signaling pathway proteins and the proportion of ILC3s in the mouse colon using Western blot and flow cytometry,respectively.Meanwhile,DR3-overexpressing MNK-3 cells and 2％ DSS-induced Rag1-/-mice were used for verification.The results showed that paeoniflorin alleviated DSS-induced chronic colitis and repaired the intestinal mucosal barrier.Simultaneously,paeoniflorin inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s and regulated the content of cytokines(interleukin-17A,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and interleukin-22).Alternatively,paeoniflorin directly inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s to repair mucosal damage indepen-dently of the adaptive immune system.We additionally confirmed that paeoniflorin-conditioned me-dium(CM)restored the expression of tight junctions in Caco-2 cells via coculture.In conclusion,paeoniflorin ameliorates chronic colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier in an ILC3-dependent manner,and its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the DR3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences in the measurement of intra-abdominal pressure in different positions of critically ill patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with prone position integration, with a view to finding a more optimal intra-abdominal pressure monitoring strategy, which can provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Forty critically ill patients who underwent ECMO combined with prone position integrated treatment in the department of Intensive Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method using an own-control trial. The differences in intra-abdominal pressure between supine position with head elevated at 0°, 15°and 30°and prone position with head high and foot low slopes at 0°, 15°and 30°were compared and analyzed. Heart rate, respiration, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation were also compared in patients in different positions.Results:There were 29 males and 11 females in 40 patients with the age of (62.58 ± 17.99) years.The intra-abdominal pressure in supine position with head elevated at 30° was (12.45 ± 3.43) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which was higher than that of 0° and 15° of (9.38 ± 2.52) and (10.70 ± 2.95) mmHg, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.56, 2.45, both P<0.05);the difference in intra-abdominal pressure between 0° and 15° was not statistically significant ( P>0.05); the intra-abdominal pressure in prone position with head-high-foot-low slope of 30° was (12.92 ± 4.19) mmHg, which was higher than that of 0°and 15°of (9.67 ± 2.80), and (11.01 ± 3.10) mmHg, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.08, 2.32, both P<0.05); the difference in intra-abdominal pressure between 0° and 15° was not statistically significant ( P>0.05).The differences in intra-abdominal pressure between groups of supine bed head elevation 0°, 15°, 30°and prone position with head high and foot low slopes 0°, 15°, 30°were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The differences in heart rate, respiration, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation in the supine position with head elevated at 0°, 15°and 30° were not statistically significant when compared within groups (all P>0.05); the differences in heart rate, respiration, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation in the prone position with head elevated with feet and feet on low slopes at 0°, 15°and 30°were not statistically significant when compared within groups (all P>0.05); and the differences in supine position with head elevated at 0°, 15°, 30°and prone head-height-foot-low slope 0°, 15°, 30°of heart rate, respiration, mean arterial pressure were not statistically significant (all P>0.05); supine bed head elevation 0°, 15°, 30°and prone head-height-foot-low slope 0°, 15°, 30°of oxygen saturation between the groups, the differences were statistically significant ( Z=6.85, 6.82, 6.68, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Intra-abdominal pressure can be measured in the 15° prone position in critically ill patients treated with ECMO combined with prone position integration; the different positions have little effect on vital signs, but the prone position significantly improves oxygen saturation.

Stomach exuberance and spleen deficiency are common pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Through analyzing the pathogenesis of stomach exuberance and spleen deficiency， it is believed that its essence is stomach heat and spleen deficiency. Stomach heat includes gastrointestinal heat， spleen and stomach damp-heat， and spleen deficiency is divided into deficiency of spleen yin， deficiency of spleen qi ， and deficiency of spleen yang. It is suggested that the metabolic diseases of stomach-exuberance and spleen-deficiency syndrome can be divided into three categories，i.e. stomach-heat and spleen yin-deficiency， stomach-heat and spleen qi-deficiency， and stomach-heat and spleen yang-deficiency， and the main treatment methods are clearing and draining heat， nourishing yin and moistening intestine， clearing dampness and heat， strengthening spleen and qi， clearing dampness and heat， strengthening spleen and warming yang， respectively， with prescriptions as Maziren Pills （麻子仁丸）， Qinlian Pingwei Powder （芩连平胃散）， and Jiawei Lianli Decoction （加味连理汤） accordingly.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder.Its typical symptoms include social disorder, stereotyped behavior and restrictive interest.In addition, sensory abnormality is also a common symptom of ASD individuals.Pre-attentive processing is an automatic cognitive process that takes place before attention and is independent of consciousness, which reflects the ability to automatically detect changes in the environment of brain.Many researches show that the sensory abnormality and social ability disorder in ASD patients may be related to the defects in the pre-attentive processing stage.Mismatch negativity (MMN) is the most commonly used indicator of pre-attentive processing.ASD individuals show abnormal MMN in response to both social and non-social stimulus.Among them, the pre-attentive processing defect of non-social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by single tones, voice or visual stimuli, which is different from that of normal people.The pre-attentive processing defect of social stimuli in ASD individuals is manifested as the amplitude or latency of MMN induced by emotional voice and emotional face, which is different from that of normal people.This result not only helps to find the physiological mechanism of sensory and social disorders in ASD individuals, but also provides theoretical support for MMN as an auxiliary diagnostic index of ASD.Future research on the pre-attentive processing of ASD individuals should pay more attention to enriching the research paradigms of MMN and adopting more kinds of social stimuli.At the same time, the influence of ASD genetic factors on MMN can also be one of the concerns of future research.

Excessive theta (θ) frequency oscillation and synchronization in the basal ganglia (BG) has been reported in elderly parkinsonian patients and animal models of levodopa (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID), particularly the θ oscillation recorded during periods when L-dopa is withdrawn (the off L-dopa state). To gain insight into processes underlying this activity, we explored the relationship between primary motor cortex (M1) oscillatory activity and BG output in LID. We recorded local field potentials in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and M1 of awake, inattentive resting rats before and after L-dopa priming in Sham control, Parkinson disease model, and LID model groups. We found that chronic L-dopa increased θ synchronization and information flow between the SNr and M1 in off L-dopa state LID rats, with a SNr-to-M1 flow directionality. Compared with the on state, θ oscillational activity (θ synchronization and information flow) during the off state were more closely associated with abnormal involuntary movements. Our findings indicate that θ oscillation in M1 may be consequent to abnormal synchronous discharges in the BG and support the notion that M1 θ oscillation may participate in the induction of dyskinesia.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new Chinese-made surgical biopatch for atrial septum under the establishment of atrial septal defect animal model in miniature pigs.Methods:From June 2018 to April 2019, 26 pigs were divided into experimental group (15 pigs) and the control group (11 pigs). Animal models of atrial septal defect were established by traditional surgical methods. The to-be-evaluated and listed surgical biological patches (with a diameter of 10 mm) were implanted in the experimental group and the control group to repair the atrial septal defect. Cardiac ultrasound and blood examination of all animals were performed before and at 7, 30, 90, 180 days after operation, the results were analyzed with repetitive measurement and analysis of variance. At 90 days and 180 days after the operation, tissue samples were taken from animals after euthanasia. Pathological examination of heart and major organs were conducted. The independent sample t test and rank sum test were used to compare the data between the two groups, and the nonparametric was used to compare the patch calcification score between the two groups. Results:In total of 26 animals, 14 animals in the experimental group(6 at 90 days, 8 at 180 days) and 9 animals in the control group(4 at 90 days, 5 at 180 days) reached the end of the experiment. The other 3 animals (1 in the experimental group and 2 in the control group) died of arrhythmia, whole heart failure and right heart failure, the results of pathological examination showed that the causes of death were unrelated to the experimental materials. Cardiac ultrasound showed no patch leakage in all animals. There was no statistically significant difference in cardiac ultrasound and blood examination between the two groups at different time points after operation (all P>0.05). The pathological results showed that all the implants were intact and had good biocompatibility. There was no significant difference in the mean endothelialization rate between the experimental group and the control group at 90 and 180 days after operation ((80.8±29.1)% vs. (82.5±23.6)%, t=0.095, P=0.927; (78.8±36.4)% vs. (82.0±19.2)%, t=0.182, P=0.859) on 90 and 180 days, there was no significant difference in the patch calcification score between the two groups (1.00(1.25) vs. 2.00(0.75), Z=6.500, P=0.214; 0(0.75) vs. 1.00(2.00), Z=12.000, P=0.139). Conclusion:The new Chinese-made surgical biopatch for atrial septum has comparable safety and efficacy to that of the marketable patch in miniature pig atrial septal defect animal model.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new Chinese-made surgical biopatch for atrial septum under the establishment of atrial septal defect animal model in miniature pigs.Methods:From June 2018 to April 2019, 26 pigs were divided into experimental group (15 pigs) and the control group (11 pigs). Animal models of atrial septal defect were established by traditional surgical methods. The to-be-evaluated and listed surgical biological patches (with a diameter of 10 mm) were implanted in the experimental group and the control group to repair the atrial septal defect. Cardiac ultrasound and blood examination of all animals were performed before and at 7, 30, 90, 180 days after operation, the results were analyzed with repetitive measurement and analysis of variance. At 90 days and 180 days after the operation, tissue samples were taken from animals after euthanasia. Pathological examination of heart and major organs were conducted. The independent sample t test and rank sum test were used to compare the data between the two groups, and the nonparametric was used to compare the patch calcification score between the two groups. Results:In total of 26 animals, 14 animals in the experimental group(6 at 90 days, 8 at 180 days) and 9 animals in the control group(4 at 90 days, 5 at 180 days) reached the end of the experiment. The other 3 animals (1 in the experimental group and 2 in the control group) died of arrhythmia, whole heart failure and right heart failure, the results of pathological examination showed that the causes of death were unrelated to the experimental materials. Cardiac ultrasound showed no patch leakage in all animals. There was no statistically significant difference in cardiac ultrasound and blood examination between the two groups at different time points after operation (all P>0.05). The pathological results showed that all the implants were intact and had good biocompatibility. There was no significant difference in the mean endothelialization rate between the experimental group and the control group at 90 and 180 days after operation ((80.8±29.1)% vs. (82.5±23.6)%, t=0.095, P=0.927; (78.8±36.4)% vs. (82.0±19.2)%, t=0.182, P=0.859) on 90 and 180 days, there was no significant difference in the patch calcification score between the two groups (1.00(1.25) vs. 2.00(0.75), Z=6.500, P=0.214; 0(0.75) vs. 1.00(2.00), Z=12.000, P=0.139). Conclusion:The new Chinese-made surgical biopatch for atrial septum has comparable safety and efficacy to that of the marketable patch in miniature pig atrial septal defect animal model.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between skin elasticity and setup error in optical surface image-guided radiotherapy. Methods: The skin elasticity (R7) data of the head, chest and abdomen were extracted and analyzed its correlation with age by systematic literature review. Fifty-four patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer and cervical cancer were recruited in this study. Firstly, the patients were positioned based on the room laser and markers. Subsequently, the patient position was verified by the Varian On-Board Imager, and then C-Rad Catalyst was adopted to obtain surface images in two states (mask or non-mask) as reference images. In the subsequent fraction treatment, after initial positioning, the local calibration was performed by Catalyst, and setup errors in three directions were recorded. Meanwhile, the patient setup was verified by CBCT twice a week. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between setup error and age. Results: The skin elasticity was negatively correlated with aging (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient between random error and age in head-and-neck cancer were 0.645, 0.624 and 0.866 in the AP, SI and LR directions (all P<0.05) for male patients without mask, respectively. The system error was significantly correlated with age in the LR direction (P<0.05) for male patients, and in the AP direction (P<0.05) for female patients with head-and-neck cancer without mask. The setup error had a significant correlation with skin elasticity in male patients with head-and-neck cancer, and the sequence of absolute value of correlation coefficient was LR>SI>AP. Conclusion In optical surface-guided radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, skin elasticity may be a significant index for assessing the setup errors in male patients.