The brain-gut interaction theory is a multidimensional integrative concept based on the brain-gut axis， involving neural， endocrine， and immune regulatory networks as well as the gut microbiota. Zang-fu organs （脏腑） theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） shows a high degree of consistency with the brain-gut interaction theory， and the core functions such as the spleen and stomach governing the ascending of the clear and descending of the turbid， the liver governing the free flow of qi， and the heart governing mental and emotional activities are closely associated with the multi-level regulatory mechanisms of the brain-gut axis. TCM therapy can modulate brain-gut interactions through multiple pathways in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases， including the regulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion， neurotransmitter levels， the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， immune homeostasis and inflammatory responses， as well as the gut microecology. However， current basic research on the brain-gut interaction theory in TCM for spleen and stomach diseases still faces several challenges， such as difficulties in integrating TCM spleen-stomach theory with modern pathophysiology， lack of innovation in research concepts， and limitations in research methodologies. It is therefore proposed that multidisciplinary collaboration， multi-omics technologies， and targeted research approaches should be adopted to provide more comprehensive methods for basic research on TCM spleen and stomach diseases， thereby promoting the in-depth development of brain-gut interaction theory.

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is an immune-mediated chronic liver inflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis， and intestinal barrier dysfunction is considered an important factor. Meanwhile， there are sex and age differences in the incidence rate of AIH， suggesting that hormone may be involved in regulation. On this basis， this article focuses on the association between estrogen， intestinal barrier， and immune homeostasis， systematically reviews the evidence that estrogen deficiency disrupts intestinal barrier homeostasis， and further summarizes the potential mechanism of estrogen in regulating the development and progression of AIH via intestinal barrier.

Objective: To define the mechanism by which swine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication. Methods: Porcine 3D4/21 cells with TRIM25 overexpression or knockdown were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Viral replication was quantified by immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 50% tissue culture infectious dose assays. Type I interferon signaling was assessed by transcript quantification, interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated response element reporter assays, and co-immunoprecipitation.Viral RNA binding was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation. Results: TRIM25 overexpression reduced viral RNA and infectious titers, whereas TRIM25 knockdown increased replication (p < 0.01). TRIM25 increased interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated gene expression and enhanced interferon-beta and interferonstimulated response element promoter activity (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, TRIM25 promoted Lys63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and increased phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3. TRIM25 also bound vesicular stomatitis virus genomic RNA, and binding required the C-terminal region. Conclusions and Relevance: Porcine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication by amplifying type I interferon signaling and directly binding viral RNA.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of postoperative pneumonia(POP)in tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province,and provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted pre-vention and control measures.Methods Surgery patients from 22 tertiary general hospitals in 12 cities in north,central,and south of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were chosen as studied subjects,occurrence of POP was analyzed and compared.Results A total of 848 274 surgical procedures were performed in 22 hospitals,and 3 606 cases of POP occurred,with an incidence of 0.43％.The incidence in 2023 was 0.37％,which was lower than that in 2022(0.49％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The top three de-partments with high incidence of POP were neurosurgery(6.71％),cardiothoracic surgery(2.91％),and general surgery(0.77％).Among hospitals of different grades,the incidence of POP in tertiary first-class hospitals was 0.44％,which was higher than that in other tertiary hospitals(0.37％).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POP between municipal and district/county hospitals(P＞0.05).The incidence of POP in hospitals with a bed:infection control full-time staff ratio＜200∶1 was lower than that in hospitals with the ratio ≥200∶1(0.39％vs 0.47％,P＜0.001),while the incidence of POP in hospitals with a proportion ≥30％of full-time staff being doctors was higher than that in hospitals with a proportion＜30％(0.45％vs 0.36％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in male patients was higher than that in female patients(0.62％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in elderly patients aged≥65 was higher than that in patients aged＜65(0.73％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).A total of 2 667 strains of infectious pathogens were detected,with the top three being Acine-tobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 28.95％,22.72％,and 15.45％,respectively.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),carba-penem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)were 60.75％,21.45％,and 32.28％,respectively.The detection rate of CRKP decreased in 2023 compared with 2022,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall incidence of POP in tertiary general hos-pitals in Jiangsu Province is relatively low,but there are significant differences among different hospitals.There-fore,perioperative prevention and control measures should be carried out based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients.

Objective:To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula in the treatment of brucellosis.Methods:Patients with brucellosis who were treated at the Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital from March to November 2024 were selected and their clinical data were collected. A case-control study was conducted, thirty patients treated with conventional therapy plus TCM formula were selected as the TCM group, and 35 patients treated with conventional therapy were selected as the control group. Blood routine, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte subsets (CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 +), and related cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10] were determined before and after treatment to observe the clinical effect of TCM formula in the treatment of brucellosis. Survival curve was draw, and Log-Rank test was used to compare the differences in clinical symptom relief time between the two groups of patients. Results:Compared with pre-treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the numbers of CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +, CD19 + lymphocytes, neutrophil (NEUT), and the levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 in the TCM group after treatment ( P < 0.05). After treatment, the comparison of each index between the two groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in the numbers of CD45 +, CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 + lymphocytes [control group vs TCM group: 2 470.00 (1 895.50, 3 207.00) vs 1 991.00 (1 720.75, 2 367.25), 1 920.00 (1 364.50, 2 428.00) vs 1 591.00 (1 343.00, 1 884.00), 1 021.00 (785.00, 1 205.50) vs 839.50 (704.25, 1 010.25), (686.42 ± 294.47) vs (596.97 ± 205.32) pieces/μl, P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of CD19 + lymphocytes, NEUT, and the levels of CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 ( P > 0.05). The Log-Rank test results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the relief time of hyperhidrosis and night sweats ( P = 0.016), fatigue ( P = 0.016), and muscle soreness ( P = 0.004) between the two groups of patients. Conclusion:TCM formula has certain effects in the adjuvant therapy of brucellosis, which can improve the immune function of lymphocytes and relieve clinical symptoms, and has clinical application value.

The global incidence rate of cancer is increasing yearly,and chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury has become a crucial factor affecting patients'therapeutic prognosis;however,there is currently a lack of effective therapeutic drugs to address this issue.There is thus an urgent need to establish more ideal animal models of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury,to support the exploration of its pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic drugs.This review considered relevant literature published during the period from 2019 to 2024,to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis from several perspectives,including the selection of experimental animals,chemotherapeutic drugs and modeling method,evaluation indicators,and practical applications.Furthermore,we highlight several existing issues with current models,including the lack of standardized modeling method,insufficient research on models with a tumor background,and inadequate exploration of novel cell death mechanisms.This collation of the literature also revealed the gradual emergence of traditional Chinese medicine as a research hotspot,with potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal injury.Further studies of effective medicines are warranted to identify interventional strategies for chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury.

Objective:To strengthen the management of low-value consumables in public hospitals by introducing the Supply Processing Distribution(SPD)management model,and to explore refined operational management strategies and path optimization for low-value consumables.Methods:The SPD management model was introduced,and the entire process of hospital consumables was refinedly managed using third-party supply chain information management platforms,visualized tertiary department warehouses,Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)technology and intelligent cabinet systems,Unique Device Identification(UDI)coding,"four-code integration"and other supporting technologies.Results:Based on the analysis of the current situation in the target Hospital,specific measures related to the management of low-value consumables were introduced after the introduction of the SPD model.Conclusion:It provides a reference and guidance for the hospital's medical consumables management department to promote refined management of medical consumables under the SPD model.

Objective:To detect adverse reaction risk signals of triazole antifungal agents and provide evidences for their safe use in clinic.Methods:Adverse reaction/event reports with fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, or isavuconazonium as the primary suspect drug were collected from the data in National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System of China reported by Shandong Province from January 2004 to June 2024 and the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. Adverse reaction/event terms were standardized using the preferred term (PT) and system organ class in Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 24.0. Risk signals were detected using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) algorithm. A PT was defined as an adverse reaction risk signal if the number of reports was ≥3, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval ( CI) for ROR was >2, and the lower limit of the 95% CI for the information component ( IC) was >0. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results:A total of 3 988 reports with the above 5 antifungal drugs as the primary suspect drug were collected from data in National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System of China reported by Shandong Province, 822 (20.6%) of which were serious cases. Voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazonium was the primary suspect drug in 1 852, 1 395, 703, 27, and 11 cases among the 3 988 reports, and in 591 (31.9%), 149 (10.7%), 59 (8.4%), 18 (66.7%), and 5 (5/11) serious cases among the 822 serious case reports, respectively. A total of 20 066 reports with the above 5 drugs as the primary suspect drug were collected in FAERS database, 9 635 (48.0%) of which were serious cases. Voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazonium was the primary suspect drug in 7 758, 6 180, 2 869, 1 796, and 1 463 cases among the 20 066 reports, and in 4 295 (55.4%), 2 806 (45.4%), 1 191 (41.5%), 828 (46.1%), and 515 (35.2%) serious cases among the 9 635 serious case reports, respectively. Based on the data reported by Shandong Province and in FAERS database, 18 and 207 risk signals of adverse reaction not mentioned in the labels were identified, respectively, and 5 of them were identified in both databases, including fluconazole-induced renal impairment and voriconazole-induced oliguria, delirium, psychiatric disorders, and rhabdomyolysis. In the data reported by Shandong Province and in FAERS database, 13 and 189 reports of muscle-related disorders (rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and myositis) were identified respectively, involving voriconazole (in 8 and 62 cases), itraconazole (in 4 and 74 cases), and fluconazole (in 1 and 53 cases).Conclusions:Renal impairment induced by fluconazole and oliguria, delirium, psychiatric disorders, and rhabdomyolysis induced by voriconazole are risk signals of adverse reaction not mentioned in the labels for triazole antifungal agents. Voriconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole may also cause muscle-related disorders, warranting vigilance in clinical practice.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of postoperative pneumonia(POP)in tertiary general hospitals in Jiangsu Province,and provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted pre-vention and control measures.Methods Surgery patients from 22 tertiary general hospitals in 12 cities in north,central,and south of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were chosen as studied subjects,occurrence of POP was analyzed and compared.Results A total of 848 274 surgical procedures were performed in 22 hospitals,and 3 606 cases of POP occurred,with an incidence of 0.43％.The incidence in 2023 was 0.37％,which was lower than that in 2022(0.49％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.001).The top three de-partments with high incidence of POP were neurosurgery(6.71％),cardiothoracic surgery(2.91％),and general surgery(0.77％).Among hospitals of different grades,the incidence of POP in tertiary first-class hospitals was 0.44％,which was higher than that in other tertiary hospitals(0.37％).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POP between municipal and district/county hospitals(P＞0.05).The incidence of POP in hospitals with a bed:infection control full-time staff ratio＜200∶1 was lower than that in hospitals with the ratio ≥200∶1(0.39％vs 0.47％,P＜0.001),while the incidence of POP in hospitals with a proportion ≥30％of full-time staff being doctors was higher than that in hospitals with a proportion＜30％(0.45％vs 0.36％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in male patients was higher than that in female patients(0.62％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).The incidence of POP in elderly patients aged≥65 was higher than that in patients aged＜65(0.73％vs 0.26％,P＜0.001).A total of 2 667 strains of infectious pathogens were detected,with the top three being Acine-tobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,accounting for 28.95％,22.72％,and 15.45％,respectively.The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),carba-penem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP),and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)were 60.75％,21.45％,and 32.28％,respectively.The detection rate of CRKP decreased in 2023 compared with 2022,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The overall incidence of POP in tertiary general hos-pitals in Jiangsu Province is relatively low,but there are significant differences among different hospitals.There-fore,perioperative prevention and control measures should be carried out based on the epidemiological characteristics of patients.

The global incidence rate of cancer is increasing yearly,and chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury has become a crucial factor affecting patients'therapeutic prognosis;however,there is currently a lack of effective therapeutic drugs to address this issue.There is thus an urgent need to establish more ideal animal models of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury,to support the exploration of its pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic drugs.This review considered relevant literature published during the period from 2019 to 2024,to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis from several perspectives,including the selection of experimental animals,chemotherapeutic drugs and modeling method,evaluation indicators,and practical applications.Furthermore,we highlight several existing issues with current models,including the lack of standardized modeling method,insufficient research on models with a tumor background,and inadequate exploration of novel cell death mechanisms.This collation of the literature also revealed the gradual emergence of traditional Chinese medicine as a research hotspot,with potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal injury.Further studies of effective medicines are warranted to identify interventional strategies for chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucosal injury.