Jiegeng decoction is a classic prescription composed of two Chinese medicinal herbs： Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the efficacy of diffusing lung qi， resolving phlegm， relieving sore throat and discharging pus， and is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough and pharyngodynia. This article reviews the chemical components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Jiegeng decoction. It was found that Jiegeng decoction contains triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， glycosides， acids， and other components， with platycodin D， platycodin D2， glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhetinic acid， liquiritin， etc.， serving as the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. Jiegeng decoction and its chemical constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and mitogen- activated protein kinases， and demonstrate anti-tumor activities through mechanisms like modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally， it exhibits various pharmacological actions including antibacterial， antiviral， and antioxidant effects. Clinically， Jiegeng decoction， its modified prescription and compound combinations are widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough， pneumonia， and pharyngitis， as well as digestive system disorders like constipation.

The pain-evoked potential electroencephalogram (EEG) is an effective electrophysiological indicator for pain assessment, yet its extraction is challenging due to interference from background activity and involuntary blinks. Although existing blink artifact-removal methods show efficacy, they face limitations such as the need for reference signals, neglect of individual differences, and reliance on user input, hindering their practical application in clinical pain assessments. In this paper, we propose a novel framework applying adaptive quadrature mirror filter banks (AQMFB) with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to remove blink artifacts in pain EEG. Unlike traditional DWT methods that apply fixed wavelets across subjects, our method adapts wavelet construction based on the characteristics of EEG. Experimental results demonstrate that AQMFB-DWT outperforms four leading methods in removing blink artifacts with minimal distortion of pain information, all within an acceptable processing time. This technique is a valuable preprocessing step for enhancing the extraction of pain-evoked potentials.
Humans ; Artifacts ; Blinking/physiology* ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Pain/diagnosis* ; Male ; Wavelet Analysis ; Adult ; Female ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Young Adult ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Pain Measurement/methods* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

【Objective】 To analyze the composition of urinary calculi in Longnan, Gansu province, and the relationship between the composition and clinical characteristics of patients, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease. 【Methods】 The composition of 500 cases of urinary calculi hospitalized in our department during Apr. 2021 and Feb.2023 were analyzed using the infrared spectrum stone composition analyzer. The clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated and analyzed. 【Results】 The male-to-female ration of patients was 2.70∶1. Most patients aged 21 to 60 years (437, 87.4%). Most cases were ureteral calculi (72.8%), followed by renal calculi (22.2%), and bladder calculi (5.0%). There were 166 cases of calcium oxalate calculi, 293 cases of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite calculi, 24 cases of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite + hydroxyl apatite calculi, 4 cases of calcium oxalate + calcium bicarbonate calculi, 7 cases of urate calculi, 6 cases of carbonated apatite + struvite calculi. Oxalate calculi were the most common in all age groups, and urate calculi were the most common in the 21 to 40 age group. Calcium oxalate calculi were most common in the ureter (127, 76.5%), significantly higher than in other sites (χ²=3.222, P=0.020). Calcium oxalate + calcium hydrogen phosphate calculi was the least common in the bladder, significantly different from the other parts (χ²=2.092, P=0.037). Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate and/or calcium carbonate or calcium oxalate calculi were the most common in the kidney (50.0%), significantly different from the other parts (χ²=9.448, P=0.007). 【Conclusion】 In Longnan area, the incidence of urinary calculi is significantly higher in male than in female. Ureteral calculi are mainly composed of calcium oxalate + carbonated apatite and calcium oxalate. According to different risk factors, individual prevention programs should be developed.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between parathyroid hormone（PTH） level and permanent hypoparathyroidism（PHPP） on the first day after radical papillary thyroidectomy, and its predictive value. Methods:A total of 80 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroid resection and central lymph node dissection were collected and analyzed from January 2021 to January 2022. According to whether PHPP occurred after surgery, the patients were divided into hypoparathyroidism group and normal parathyroid function group, and univariate and binary logistics regression were used to analyze the correlation between PTH and serum calcium levels and PHPP on the first day after surgery in two groups. The dynamic changes of PTH at different time points after operation were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was used to evaluate the predictive power of PTH on the development of PHPP after surgery. Results:Among the 80 patients with papillary thyroid cancer, 10 cases developed PHPP, with an incidence rate of 12.5%. Binary logistics regression analysis showed that PTH on the first postoperative day（OR=14.534, 95%CI: 2.377-88.858, P=0.004） was an independent predictive risk factor for postoperative PHPP. Taking PTH=8.75 ng/L on the first postoperative day as the cut-off value, the AUC of the area under the curve was 0.874（95%CI: 0.790-0.958, P<0.001）, the sensitivity was 71.4%, the specificity was 100%, and the Yoden index was 0.714. Conclusion:PTH level on the first day after total thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery is closely related to PHPP, and is an independent predictor of PHPP.
Humans ; Calcium ; Hypoparathyroidism/surgery* ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/complications* ; Thyroidectomy

Objective:To validate five-year risk prediction models for atherosclerotic cardiovascular di-sease (ASCVD) in a contemporary rural Northern Chinese population.Methods: Totally 6 489 rural adults aged 40 to 79 years without clinical ASCVD were enrolled at baseline between June and August 2010, and followed up through January 2017.Expected prediction risk using the China-PAR (prediction for ASCVD risk in China) model was compared with the pooled cohort equations (PCE) reported in the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association guideline.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain the observed ASCVD event (including nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, nonfatal or fatal stroke) rate at 5 years, and the expected-observed ratios were calculated to eva-luate overestimation or underestimation in the cohort.The participants in the cohort were divided into 4 categories (<5.0%, 5.0%-7.4%, 7.5%-9.9%, and ≥10.0%) for comparisons based on ASCVD prediction risk.The models were assessed by discrimination C statistic, calibration χ2, and calibration charts and plots for illustration as well.Results: Over an average 5.82 years of follow-up in this validation cohort with 6 489 rural Chinese participants, 955 subjects developed a first ASCVD event.Recalibrated China-PAR model overestimated ASCVD events by 22.2% in men and 33.1% in women, while the overestimations were much higher for recalibrated PCE as 67.3% in men and 53.1% in women.Gender-specific China-PAR model had C statistics of 0.696 (95%CI, 0.669-0.723) for men and 0.709 (95%CI, 0.690-0.728) for women, which were similar to those of 0.702 (95%CI, 0.675-0.730) for men and 0.714 (95%CI, 0.695-0.733) for women in the PCE.Calibration χ2 values in China-PAR were 17.2 and 54.2 for men and women, respectively;however, the PCE showed poorer ca-libration (χ2=192.0 for men and χ2=181.2 for women).In addition, the calibration charts and plots illustrated good agreement between the observations and the predictions only in the China-PAR model, especially for men.Conclusion: In this validation cohort of rural Northern Chinese adults, the China-PAR model had better performance of five-year ASCVD risk prediction than the PCE, indicating that recalibrated China-PAR model might be an appropriate tool for risk assessment and primary prevention of ASCVD in China.

BACKGROUND:Healing time and plaster used in fixed position and fixed time are different between distal radius fractures and scaphoid fracture. When both fractures occur simultaneously, you cannot choose a fixed position and determine a fixed time. One-stage internal fixation for the distal radial fractures and scaphoid fractures simultaneously can obtain a good function. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the effects of titanium locking compression plate and Herbert screw fixation for fresh unstable distal radial fractures with scaphoid fracture. METHODS:A total of 12 patients with fresh unstable distal radial fractures combined with scaphoid fracture were treated in the Shanxi Dayi Hospital from November 2011 to June 2014. Al cases received open reduction and locking compression plate fixation of the distal radius, open reduction of scaphoid fracture or percutaneous Herbert screw fixation. Fracture healing was observed during folow-up. At 6 months after treatment, wrist joint function was evaluated with modified McBride score. Range of motion of palmar flexion, dorsiflexion, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, pronation and supination and grip strength were measured. The distal radial shortening (difference in height of styloid process of radius and ulna), and angles of ulnar deviation and palmar tilt were measured with X-ray films. The data of healthy side and affected side were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) 12 cases were folowed up for 6-24 months. (2) The distal radius and scaphoid fractures healed. The healing time of distal radius was 6-12 weeks, with an average of seven weeks. Healing time of scaphoid fracture was 3-6 months, with an average of 4.2 months. (3) Wrist score was evaluated using modified McBride scoring criteria at 6 months after treatment. There were excelent in 5 cases, good in 6 cases, and average in 1 case, with the excelent and good rate of 92%. (4) No significant difference in range of motion of palmar flexion, dorsiflexion, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, pronation and supination and grip strength, angles of ulnar deviation and palmar tilt, difference in height of styloid process of radius and ulna and modified McBride score was detected between healthy side and affected side (P > 0.05). (5) The median nerve injury in two patients was recovered within 6 months after postoperative exploration decompression. No complications appeared, such as infection, dorsal muscle tendon irritation symptoms, carpal tunnel syndrome, and internal fixation failure. (6) These findings confirm that fresh unstable distal radial fractures with scaphoid fractures can be treated with open reduction of the distal radius and locking plate fixation, open reduction of scaphoid bone or percutaneous Herbert screw fixation, with reliable fixation, high fracture healing rate, and good wrist function recovery rate; the repair effect is satisfactory.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of TNFRSF1B +676 gene (rs1061622) polymorphism with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA ) in Han Chinese population of Hunan. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with RA from Han Chinese population in Hunan were recruited, along with 129 healthy controls. TNFRSF1B +676 (rs1061622) gene polymorphisms were examined by PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of soluble TNFR II were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: RA patients displayed a similar TNFRSF1B +676 genotype to controls (GG/TG/TT: 5/62/45 vs 9/56/64, P=0.167), but signifi cant diff erence was found between female RA patients and female controls (GG/TG/TT: 3/49/24 vs 8/28/48, P<0.001). No significant difference was found in the frequency of TNFRSF1B +676 T or G allele between RA patients and controls (P>0.05). RA patients showed a signifi cantly higher level of serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNFR II) than controls [(7.83±2.61) ng/mL vs (4.32±1.67) ng/mL, P<0.001], but there was no diff erence among the three genotypes (P>0.05). No association was found between TNFRSF1B+676 gene polymorphism and RA clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION In Han Chinese population of Hunan province, TNFRSF1B+676 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the genetic risk of RA .
Alleles ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; ethnology ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; blood ; genetics ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results and influential factors of mobilization and harvesting of autologous peripheral blood stem cell in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSRetrospective analysis of peripheral blood stem cell collection data [CD34⁺ cells collected, successful mobilization rate (CD34⁺ cells≥2×10⁶/kg body weight), good mobilization rate (CD34⁺ cells≥5×10⁶/kg body weight)] of 149 multiple myeloma patients who were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or E-CHOP (etoposide+ CTX+epirubicin+vindesine+prednisone) chemotherapy combined with G-CSF mobilization from January 1998 to March 2014. The relevance between gender, age, subtype, DS staging, ISS staging, treatment before mobilization, disease status at mobilization, regiment of mobilizationand the collection results was analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 177 stem cell mobilizations were performed in 149 MM patients, the median CD34⁺ cells harvested were 3.20 (0.13-22.34)×10⁶/kg body weight (BW), successful mobilization rate and good mobilization rate were 74.5% and 27.5%, respectively. The single logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age （>60 ys vs ≤60 ys）, subtype, DS staging (III vs II+I), ISS staging (III vs II+I) and regiment of mobilization (E-CHOP+G-CSF vs ID-CTX+G-CSF) were not correlated with the cell collection or successful mobilization rate (P>0.05). However, successful collection rate of single harvest in old patients (age>60 ys) was lower (P<0.05), andthe good mobilization rate in patients at ISS stage III was lower (P<0.05). The collection results of patients with fewer cycles of treatment (treatment before mobilization ≤6 cycles) and optimal disease status (disease status at mobilization ≥partial remission) were much better. Analysis of logistic factors revealed that treatment efficacy before mobilization affected success rate of collection (P=0.006). Risk of collection failure in patients who received more than 6 cycles of treatment before mobilization was high (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.45-8.78).

CONCLUSIONGender, age, subtype, DS staging, ISS staging and mobilization regimen did not influence MM patients peripheral blood stem cell collection; but old patients may need twice mobilizations to collect sufficiently. Few cycles of treatment and stable disease status before mobilization is favorable to the mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells.

Antigens, CD34 ; Cyclophosphamide ; Filgrastim ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:With the diversification of the choice of internal fixation for femoral intertrochanteric fracture, the fixation method for the same kind of fracture can be selected according to surgeon’s habit, and there is no unified standard. OBJECTIVE:To compare Gamma nail and proximal femoral locking plate fixation for repair of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: A total of 94 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated in the Shanxi Armed Police Corps Hospital from April 2009 to September 2012. They were divided into two groups according to fixation methods. Gamma nail group contained 46 cases. Proximal femoral locking plate group contained 48 cases. The two fixation methods were compared and analyzed from the folowing aspects: incision length, intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, postoperative hip function recovery, loading time and complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Incision length, intraoperative bleeding volume, loading time and complications were better in the Gamma nail group than in the proximal femoral locking plate group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in operation time was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). The excelent and good rate of hip function was 96% (44/46) in the Gamma nail group and 92% (44/48) in the proximal femoral locking plate group at 1 year after treatment, and no significant difference was detectable between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that Gamma nail and proximal femoral anatomic locking plate for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures can reach good recovery of hip function, but Gamma nail showed obvious advantages in incision length, intraoperative bleeding volume, loading time and complications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of TNF-α-308 gene polymorphism with the risk of RA in Hunan's Han Chinese population.
 METHODS: A total of 112 patients with RA from Han Chinese population in Hunan were recruited, along with 129 healthy controls. TNF-α-308 (rs1800629) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of TNF-α were detected by ELISA.
 RESULTS: TNF-α-308 A allele carrier was 3.6% in RA patients and 10.5% in controls (P=0.004); male RA patients displayed noticeably lower rates of TNF-α-308 A allele than that in the male controls (2.8% vs 15.6%, OR=0.179, P=0.007). Patients containing both HLA-DRB1*04 and TNF-α-308 GG genotype showed a significant increase in risk for RA (OR=6.107), no matter they were male (OR=7.273) or female (OR=5.029). Female RA patients with both HLA-DRB1*04 and TNF-α-308 GG showed earlier disease onset and higher TNF-α level.
 CONCLUSION In Han Chinese population from Hunan, susceptibility of RA was increased in patients with TNF-α-308 G allele, especially in the female carrier of genotypes; TNF-α-308 A allele may play a positive role in reduction of RA risk in males.
Alleles ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; ethnology ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics