Early identification of adolescent depression requires objective biomarkers. This study investigated the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) activation patterns and mismatch negativity (MMN) characteristics in adolescents with first-episode mild-to-moderate depression. We enrolled 33 patients and 33 matched healthy controls, measuring oxyhemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in the frontal cortex during verbal fluency tasks via fNIRS, and recording MMN latency/amplitude at Fz/Cz electrodes using event-related potentials (ERP). Compared with healthy controls, the depression group showed significantly prolonged MMN latency [Fz: (227.88 ± 31.08) ms vs. (208.70 ± 25.35) ms, P < 0.01; Cz: (223.73 ± 29.03) ms vs. (204.18 ± 22.43) ms, P < 0.01], and obviously reduced Fz amplitude [(2.42 ± 2.18) μV vs. (5.65 ± 5.59) μV, P = 0.03]. A significant positive correlation was observed between MMN latencies at Fz and Cz electrodes ( P < 0.01). Oxy-Hb in left frontopolar prefrontal channels (CH15/17) was significantly decreased in patient group ( P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that adolescents with depression exhibit hypofunction in the left prefrontal cortex and impaired automatic sensory processing. The combined application of fNIRS and ERP techniques may provide an objective basis for early clinical identification.
Humans ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Adolescent ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology* ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Depression/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Electroencephalography

Objective:To investigate the correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) classified by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) Liver Imaging Data and Report System (LI-RADS) with differentiation degree and Ki-67 index.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted.The clinical and CEUS imaging data of 208 patients with 208 HCC lesions from December 2017 to December 2020 in China CEUS database were included and analyzed. According to the CEUS LI-RADS version 2017 proposed by the American College of Radiology, the HCC was classified. The diagnosis and pathological information of all lesions were confirmed by pathology. The differentiation degree of HCC and the distribution of Ki-67 index in different LI-RADS categories were evaluated, and their correlation was analyzed.Results:The degree of differentiation and Ki-67 index among HCC of different CEUS LI-RADS were statistically significant ( P<0.001, P=0.009). LI-RADS M HCC was more likely to be poorly differentiated and showed a higher Ki-67 index. The category of LI-RADS was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (tau-b=-0.250, P<0.001) and the Ki-67 index (tau-b=0.178, P=0.002), that is, the higher the category of LI-RADS, the lower differentiation degree and the higher the Ki-67. Conclusions:The CEUS LI-RADS classification of HCC is correlating with the degree of differentiation and Ki-67 index.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status quo of pharmacists training in Hong Kong,and to provide reference for pharmaceutical education reform of college in mainland.METHODS: The status quo,role,license examination and culture system of licensed pharmacist in Hong Kong were analyzed.Based on the practice of our university,the difference in culture system of pharmacentical talents and curriculum setting of pharmaceutical education were compared between Hong Kong and mainland.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: On the basis of education reform practice of our university for Hong Kong students,it is suggested to match the pharmacy curriculum setting and training program used in Hong Kong,to improve the clinical practice,to explore "4+2" culture model,and to enhance English training of pharmaceutical education.

Objective　To analyze the therapeutic effects of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens in several kinds of cataract.Methods　The surgery was performed under topical anesthesia on 672 eyes of 546 patients with senile ,complicated ,congenital and traumatic cataracts through different incision.Results　Postoperatively, the visual acuities with spherical correction or without correction were 0.5 or better in 83.0%, 88.9% of the eyes three hours later and in one day; and 1.0 or better in 27.2%, 28.7% in one week and one month. The mean postoperative astigmatism was all under +1.0D which was not found preoperatively in only 35 patients. There was no significant difference of the visual acuities between every two kinds of different cataract.Conclusion　The phacoemulcification with intraocular lens implantation can be widely used in treating different kinds of cataract.

AIM: To observe the immunoregulation of all ogeneic cornea on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS: After Co-culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and allogeneic cornea in vitro, T lymphocytes were labeled by monoclonal ant ibody, and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS). RESULTS: CD25 expression on T lymphocytes in control was 25.2%, after stimulated by the allogeneic cornea or PDB, CD25 expression on T lymphocy tes was 56.8% and 80.9%, respectively. After stimulated by the allogeneic corn ea, CD25 expression on CD 4+ or CD 8+ T lymphocytes were 67.3% and 52.3% , respectively. CONCLUSION: Allageneic cornea stimulates CD25 expression on huma n peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and the CD25 expression on CD 4+ T lymphocy tes is more prominent than CD 8+ T lymphocytes.