Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

Objective To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index and hypertension in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 1718 patients with cere-bral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January,2013 to May,2023 were enrolled in this study.According to the TyG index quartile,437 cases were assigned into Q1 group(≤8.375),424 cases into Q2 group(TyG index 8.376～8.737),429 cases into Q3 group(TyG index 8.738～9.087),and 428 cases into Q4 group(≥9.088).The general clinical data were compared in the four groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between TyG index and hy-pertension.Results There were significant differences among the four groups in terms of age,hy-pertension,diabetes,SBP,DBP,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FBG,glycated hemoglobin and TyG in-dex(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that when the TyG index was a con-tinuous variable,it was significantly correlated with the risk of hypertension(OR=1.999,95％CI:1.393-2.869,P=0.001).When the index was used as a categorical variable,with Q1as a ref-erence,TyG index in Q3 and Q4 was associated with an increase in OR of hypertension(OR=1.869,95％CI:1.220-2.865,P=0.004;OR=1.844,95％CI:1.125-3.020,P=0.015).After ad-justing cofounders,the association of TyG index and risk of hypertension was stronger in the fe-males(OR=2.618,95％CI:1.312-5.221,P=0.006)than the males(OR=1.783,95％CI:1.151-2.761,P=0.010),and in the patients ≥65 years old(OR=3.277,95％CI:1.600-6.741,P=0.001)than those＜65 years old(OR=1.782,95％CI:1.076-2.949,P=0.025).Conclusion TyG index is closely associated with hypertension in patients with cerebral hemorrhage,especially in women and elderly.

Objective This study aims to explore the efficacy and complication rates of the transcranial approach(TCA)and extended endoscopic endonasal approach(EEEA)for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas based on the QST classification,providing a scientific reference for clinical decision-making on surgical approach.Methods A total of 151 patients who underwent craniopharyngioma surgery at our center from January 2018 to December 2023 were enrolled.The patients were categorized into Q-CP(suprasellar type),S-CP(infundibular type),and T-CP(tuberal type)according to the QST classification.Systematic collection and analysis were performed on the outcomes of TCA and EEEA treatments,respectively.The differences in effectiveness between the two approaches were evaluated based on the QST classification.Results The improvement rate of visual symptoms was overall higher in the EEEA group than in the TCA group(59.1%vs.36.5%,P=0.006),and the visual deterioration rate was lower(3.0%vs.14.1%,P=0.006).However,the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was higher in the EEEA group(15.2%vs.3.5%,χ2=4.986,P=0.026).The incidence of postoperative seizures(8.2%vs.0,P=0.019),brain contusions(10.6%vs.0,P=0.005),and subdural hematoma(9.4%vs.0%,P=0.01)was higher in the TCA group.For patients with Q-CP type,the EEEA group had a higher rate of total tumor resection(92.9%vs.65.2%,P=0.025)and a lower recurrence rate(3.6%vs.21.7%,P=0.047),with shorter hospital stays and lower postoperative costs.The TCA group had higher intraoperative blood loss in this type(300 mL vs.200 mL,Z=-2.261,P=0.024).For S-CP type patients,the EEEA group showed a higher rate of total tumor resection(91.3%vs.74.2%)and a lower recurrence rate(0 vs.12.9%,P=0.031),with lower postoperative hospital costs.In T-CP type,due to the deeper location,EEEA showed limitations in protecting hypothalamic function and the TCA group had a better postoperative hypothalamic function score(P=0.035).Conclusion Based on QST classification,EEEA has advantages in Q-CP and S-CP types and is recommended as the preferred surgical procedure;In the T-CP type,TCA surgery is more helpful in protecting hypothalamic function.

Objective:To investigate the effect of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB) on postoperative ileus (POI) in patients undergoing colonic surgery.Methods:Ninety patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic colonic surgery in the same treatment group at the Nanjing First Hospital from March 2022 to August 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table, with 45 patients in each group. The observation group received ultrasound-guided LSGB before anesthesia, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups received standardized anesthesia protocols and management after entering the operating room. The time to gastrointestinal motility recovery (first defecation time), first flatus time, first feeding time, number of cases requiring gastric tube decompression, postoperative hospital stay, number of cases with nausea and vomiting, intraoperative additional and titrated sufentanil dosage, remifentanil dosage, first patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) press time, sufentanil dosage at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours postoperatively, and the number of analgesic pump presses were recorded.Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had shorter first defecation and flatus times, earlier first feeding time, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and fewer cases of nausea (all P<0.05). The observation group also had less intraoperative sufentanil supplementation and titration, later first PCIA press time (all P<0.05), and significantly fewer sufentanil dosages and analgesic pump presses at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours postoperatively compared with the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:LSGB reduces the incidence of POI in colonic surgery patients, decreases opioid use, and shortens hospital stay.

Objective:To explore the radiation protection awareness of pediatric CT chaperones and the guidance effects under different scenario modes.Methods:This study investigated 491 pediatric CT chaperones aged 24 to 63 who were treated in the Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from October 2023 to January 2024. These pediatric CT chaperones were guided to wear lead protective equipment, including a lead apron, neck shield, and cap, in the order of the self-pickup mode, single voice-sign language prompt mode, and multiple voice-sign language prompt mode. They were assigned 0.5 to 3 points/piece for each wearing, and their scoring result under different guidance modes were recorded. Moreover, the relationship of the scoring result with the age, gender, education, residence, and accompanying frequency was statistically analyzed.Results:In the self-pickup mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead apron (31.57%, 155/491), lead cap (23.01%, 113/491), and lead neck shield (16.29%, 80/491). The number of pediatric CT chaperones wearing three kinds of protective equipment properly in the self-pickup mode represented 15.48% (76/491), including two first-time chaperones (2.63%, 2/76) and 74 chaperones experiencing two or more accompanying examinations (97.37%, 74/76). In the single prompt mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead cap (71.89%, 353/491), lead apron (65.99%, 324/491), and lead neck shield (60.08%, 295/491). The proportion of accurate wearing of three kinds of protective equipment in the single prompt mode was 45.82% (225/491). In the multi-prompt mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead neck shield (23.63%, 116/491), lead cap (5.09%, 25/491), and lead apron (2.44%, 12/491). Among all the pediatric CT chaperones, 38.70% (190/491) completed the accurate wearing of the three kinds of protective equipment until the multi-prompt mode.Conclusions:Pediatric CT chaperones typically show poor radiation protection awareness, necessitating the guidance of standardized voice-sign language prompts.

Objective: To explore the impact of sleep quality, experience of childhood maltreatment, and their interaction on depressive symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide the reference for early intervention of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Methods: From September to December 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 231 students from two secondary schools in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province by a convenient sampling method. The survey included general demographic information, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in depressive symptom, sleep quality and childhood maltreatment among students with different demographic characteristics. Correlation analysis was conducted using Logistic regression, and interaction analysis was performed by both additive and multiplicative interaction models. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students was 22.7%, and the rate for high school students (35.2%) was significantly higher than that for middle school students (17.0%) ( χ 2=50.35, P <0.01). The detection rates of depressive symptoms among middle school students with a history of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality were 45.8% and 44.0%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to students without a history of childhood maltreatment, students with a history of childhood maltreatment had a higher risk of depressive symptoms ( OR =4.49，95% CI =3.31~ 6.09 , P <0.01);students with poor sleep quality had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than students with good sleep quality ( OR = 5.99，95% CI =4.37~8.22, P <0.01).The interaction results showed that the presence of childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had an additive interaction on the occurrence of depression in middle school students. Compared with students without childhood maltreatment and having good sleep quality, students with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality had a 22.49 times higher risk of developing depression ( OR =22.49，95% CI =14.22~35.59, P <0.01). Conclusion Depressive symptoms among middle school students are associated with childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality, and there is an additive interaction between childhood maltreatment and poor sleep quality on the impact of depressive symptoms.

Objective To construct a diagnostic and prognostic model for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in patients with non-M1b stage (AJCC 7th edition) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by machine learning. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with NSCLC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2015, excluding those in the M1b stage. Two sets of data were collected: data 1 (patients with non-M1b stage NSCLC, n=47 392) was used to construct the MPE diagnostic model; and data 2 (patients with M1a stage NSCLC and MPE, n=2 422) was used to construct a prognostic model. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen feature variables, with a training set and validation set ratio of 7:3. Models were built using eight machine learning algorithms, with evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the ROC curve (AUC), decision curve, calibration curve, and precision recall curve (PR), with ROC-AUC as the main evaluation metric. Results The incidence of MPE in patients with non-M1b stage NSCLC was 5.12%, and the 1-year survival rate of patients with MPE was 32.5%. LASSO regression identified nine diagnostic-related variables and 12 prognostic-related variables. The AUC values of the models constructed by eight machine learning algorithms all exceeded 0.70. The random forest model performed the best in the diagnostic model (training set AUC=0.908, validation set AUC=0.897), and the XGBoost model showed the best performance in the prognostic model (training set AUC=0.905, validation set AUC=0.875). Other evaluation indicators showed good results and balanced distribution. SHAP feature importance analysis showed that tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and histological type were important influencing factors for the occurrence of MPE, and chemotherapy intervention was the most remarkably prognostic factor. Conclusion The random forest diagnostic model constructed in this study can effectively predict the risk of MPE in patients with non-M1b stage NSCLC, and the XGBoost prognostic model can predict the prognosis of M1a-stage NSCLC patients with concurrent MPE.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between azimuth direction,angular intervals,and the accuracy of azimuthal sound source localization.METHODS Fifteen young subjects with normal hearing were tested using nine azimuth settings.The test results were presented as root mean square error and percentage confusion.RESULTS The confusion rate under high-frequency narrowband noise was significantly higher than that under broadband noise and three-syllable words.In the frontal direction,statistically significant differences were observed between the 20° and 10° intervals,as well as between the 20° and 15° intervals(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between the 10° and 15° intervals(P>0.05).In the lateral and rear directions,statistically significant differences were found between the 30° and 15° intervals,as well as between the 30° and 20° intervals(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between the 15° and 20° intervals(P>0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the frontal direction and both the lateral and rear directions(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between the lateral and rear directions(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Using stimuli that contain broader bandwidth cues can more accurately reflect the subject's horizontal localization ability.For source azimuth identification tests using broadband noise and three-syllable words,it is recommended to use a 15° interval in the frontal direction,and a 20° interval in the lateral and rear directions.The frontal and lateral directions can be preferred for testing.

Due to the wide variety and varying quality of medical wound dressings, as well as the current lack of unified national or industry standards for regulation, this paper proposes a research strategy for establishing a quality evaluation system for medical wound dressings‌. By developing a technical roadmap, this strategy clarifies the process flow and key points in the quality evaluation process, establishes evaluation methods for various types of medical wound dressings, and addresses important issues such as how to determine key performance indicators based on product characteristics and how to research and validate test methods for key items. This provides a detailed and feasible research strategy and evaluation method for medical wound dressing manufacturers, testing institutions, and regulatory authorities. It reduces the difficulty and cost of quality evaluation for medical wound dressings and has certain significance in standardizing and improving their quality level, ensuring their safety and effectiveness, and serving the quality and safety regulation of medical devices.‌.
Bandages/standards* ; Quality Control ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy*

Objective:To explore the radiation protection awareness of pediatric CT chaperones and the guidance effects under different scenario modes.Methods:This study investigated 491 pediatric CT chaperones aged 24 to 63 who were treated in the Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from October 2023 to January 2024. These pediatric CT chaperones were guided to wear lead protective equipment, including a lead apron, neck shield, and cap, in the order of the self-pickup mode, single voice-sign language prompt mode, and multiple voice-sign language prompt mode. They were assigned 0.5 to 3 points/piece for each wearing, and their scoring result under different guidance modes were recorded. Moreover, the relationship of the scoring result with the age, gender, education, residence, and accompanying frequency was statistically analyzed.Results:In the self-pickup mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead apron (31.57%, 155/491), lead cap (23.01%, 113/491), and lead neck shield (16.29%, 80/491). The number of pediatric CT chaperones wearing three kinds of protective equipment properly in the self-pickup mode represented 15.48% (76/491), including two first-time chaperones (2.63%, 2/76) and 74 chaperones experiencing two or more accompanying examinations (97.37%, 74/76). In the single prompt mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead cap (71.89%, 353/491), lead apron (65.99%, 324/491), and lead neck shield (60.08%, 295/491). The proportion of accurate wearing of three kinds of protective equipment in the single prompt mode was 45.82% (225/491). In the multi-prompt mode, the wearing accuracy rates of three kinds of protective equipment decreased in the order of the lead neck shield (23.63%, 116/491), lead cap (5.09%, 25/491), and lead apron (2.44%, 12/491). Among all the pediatric CT chaperones, 38.70% (190/491) completed the accurate wearing of the three kinds of protective equipment until the multi-prompt mode.Conclusions:Pediatric CT chaperones typically show poor radiation protection awareness, necessitating the guidance of standardized voice-sign language prompts.