Objective:To develop and evaluate a medical experience assessment scale for debridement and dressing change in chronic wound patients in China, and to provide a reference for improving hospital service quality.Methods:Based on the framework of hospital consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems survey (HCAHPS) in the United States, a preliminary draft of the scale was formed through a literature review and qualitative interviews with 12 chronic wound patients (7 males and 5 females aged 58.1±12.3 years). Five experts were invited for content validity testing, and 191 chronic wound patients (111 males and 80 females aged 53.5±19.1 years) were selected to evaluate the internal consistency reliability, half reliability, retest reliability, and structural validity of the scale.Results:The Chronic Wound Patient Debridement and Dressing Experience Scale covered 5 dimensions with 30 sub-items and 2 comprehensive evaluation items, including demand response, good and friendly communication, professional trust, optimization of the medical treatment process, and encouragement of patient participation. The scale Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.967 and ranged from 0.890 to 0.962 for each dimension. The overall retest reliability of the scale was 0.940 and ranged from 0.895 to 0.940 for each dimension. The overall half reliability of the scale was 0.923 and ranged from 0.834 to 0.935 for each dimension. 5 factors were extracted, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 82.061%.Conclusions:Based on the HCAHPS framework in the United States, the Chronic Wound Debridement and Dressing Experience Scale developed has high reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the dressing change experience of patients with chronic wounds. It has clinical practice significance for dressing change in chronic wounds.

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence rate. Up to now,there is no ideal treatment for AD. It has become a public health problem worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that kidney deficiency is the key symptomatic element of deterioration and temporal progression symptoms,accompanied by the AD process. The treatment of tonifying kidneys,supplementing essence and replenishing marrow is the fundamental method for AD in TCM. Clinical studies have shown that kidney-tonifying formula can significantly improve the cognitive function and daily ability of patients with mild and moderate AD and have no obvious adverse reactions. Its mechanism of action may be related to the protection of nerves,reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) level in the brain,inhibition of inflammatory factors activation and anti-oxidative stress. Besides reviewing the clinical and pharmacological research progress of kidney-tonifying formula for AD,this article also discusses the advantages and shortcomings of kidney-tonifying formula in the prevention and treatment of AD based on TCM theory and modern medical research. The aim of this study is to provide references of kidney nourishing therapy in TCM for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective: To explore the effects of different concentrations of glucose solution on the survival of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens larvae, the attraction to mosquitoes and egg-laying behaviors, so as to provide the reference for developing mosquito control technology based on sugar bait. Methods: White porcelain bowls were filled with 100 mL of 3%, 5%, 8%, 10% and 15% glucose solutions. Ten of fourth instar larvae of Aedes albopictus or Culex pipiens pallens were added to each bowl, and the survival of larvae was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Egg-laying cups containing 5%, 8% and 15% glucose solution were put in mosquito cages containing fully blooded female mosquitoes of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens (50 mosquitoes each), and the total number of eggs laid in 72 hours was observed. The analogous site room was filled with fully blooded and starved female mosquitoes of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens (100 mosquitoes each), and simple mosquito control buckets containing 5% and 8% glucose solution and black sticky insect plates. The number of mosquitoes and eggs was observed after 6 days. All the above experiments were repeated 3 times using dechlorinated water as the control. Results: The 72 hour corrected mortality rates of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens larvae gradually increased with the increase of glucose concentration. The glucose solution with 5% and higher concentrations was not suitable for mosquito larvae to survive. The attraction of egg-laying behaviors to Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens gradually decreased with the increase of glucose concentration. The effects were similar between 5% and 8% glucose solution, with the averages of 686.67 and 682.33 eggs for Aedes albopictus, and 3.00 and 2.33 egg rafts for Culex pipiens pallens. In analogous site room, there were 93.33, 105.00 and 130.33 adult mosquitoes captured on average in the control group, 5% and 8% glucose solution groups, respectively, with 8% glucose solution group more attractive to adult mosquitoes than the control group (F=3.283, P=0.030); there were 70.33, 55.33 and 63.00 Aedes albopictus eggs (eggs counts+larvae counts) on average, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (H=6.761, P=0.034). Conclusion Glucose solution with concentration of 5% or higher can effectively inhibit the survival of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens larvae, and attractive to adult mosquitoes and egg-laying behavoirs.

Objective:To construct a whole course management and follow-up platform, named Care Plan, for patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery, and to evaluate its initial clinical applications.Methods:From June 2023 to January 2024, patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the study subjects and enrolled in the Care Plan platform for whole course management. The platform comprised five modules: patient education, self-assessment, medical assessment, medical follow-up, and doctor-patient dialogue, each with corresponding sub-modules and specific components. Each patient was assigned to a case manager who provided one-on-one assessment, sent patient education materials, and conducted follow-ups. The preliminary application of the Care Plan platform was evaluated based on the completeness of patient data, patient education material reading status, doctor-patient dialogue topics, and follow-up responses. At 3 months postoperatively, patients were followed up and further divided into patient education group(reading at least an article on patient educational materials) and control group based on their reading status of educational materials. Patients rated their satisfaction with the surgery using a 5-point questionnaire, including five indicators: expected breast reconstruction outcome, expected surgical type, completeness of information acquisition, breast symmetry, and breast softness. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0.1 software, with count data expressed as frequencies and (or) percentages, normally distributed measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, intergroup comparisons conducted using t-test, and P<0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results:A total of 147 female patients aged 16 to 63 years with a body mass index of 16.6 to 31.3 kg/m 2 were ultimately included. All 147 patients completed the content of the self-assessment and medical assessment modules, with relatively complete data. Of the 133 patients who received patient education materials sent through the platform, 38 (28.6%) read the materials, with the sub-module on the introduction and choices of the reconstruction surgery (37.3%, 94/252 ) being the most frequently viewed. A total of 24 patients (16.3%, 24/147 ) raised 45 questions using the doctor-patient dialogue module, with the highest proportion related to consultation issues and complications, each accounting for 22.2% (10/45). Twenty-three patients completed the 3-month follow-up, with 12 in the patient education group and 11 in the control group. The patient education group scored higher than the control group in terms of completeness of information acquisition [(4.58±0.51) points vs. (3.91±0.70) points, t=-2.65, P=0.015], while scoring lower in breast symmetry [(3.92±0.79) points vs. (4.63±0.67) points, t=2.33, P=0.030]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of expected breast reconstruction outcome, expected surgical type, and breast softness scores ( P>0.05 for all). Conclusion:The Care Plan platform for whole course management and follow-up of breast reconstruction can assist medical staff in formulating patient-centered management plans, improve patients’ understanding of surgical information, and aid patients in making decisions regarding breast reconstruction methods.

Objective:To construct a whole course management and follow-up platform, named Care Plan, for patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery, and to evaluate its initial clinical applications.Methods:From June 2023 to January 2024, patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the study subjects and enrolled in the Care Plan platform for whole course management. The platform comprised five modules: patient education, self-assessment, medical assessment, medical follow-up, and doctor-patient dialogue, each with corresponding sub-modules and specific components. Each patient was assigned to a case manager who provided one-on-one assessment, sent patient education materials, and conducted follow-ups. The preliminary application of the Care Plan platform was evaluated based on the completeness of patient data, patient education material reading status, doctor-patient dialogue topics, and follow-up responses. At 3 months postoperatively, patients were followed up and further divided into patient education group(reading at least an article on patient educational materials) and control group based on their reading status of educational materials. Patients rated their satisfaction with the surgery using a 5-point questionnaire, including five indicators: expected breast reconstruction outcome, expected surgical type, completeness of information acquisition, breast symmetry, and breast softness. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0.1 software, with count data expressed as frequencies and (or) percentages, normally distributed measurement data expressed as Mean±SD, intergroup comparisons conducted using t-test, and P<0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results:A total of 147 female patients aged 16 to 63 years with a body mass index of 16.6 to 31.3 kg/m 2 were ultimately included. All 147 patients completed the content of the self-assessment and medical assessment modules, with relatively complete data. Of the 133 patients who received patient education materials sent through the platform, 38 (28.6%) read the materials, with the sub-module on the introduction and choices of the reconstruction surgery (37.3%, 94/252 ) being the most frequently viewed. A total of 24 patients (16.3%, 24/147 ) raised 45 questions using the doctor-patient dialogue module, with the highest proportion related to consultation issues and complications, each accounting for 22.2% (10/45). Twenty-three patients completed the 3-month follow-up, with 12 in the patient education group and 11 in the control group. The patient education group scored higher than the control group in terms of completeness of information acquisition [(4.58±0.51) points vs. (3.91±0.70) points, t=-2.65, P=0.015], while scoring lower in breast symmetry [(3.92±0.79) points vs. (4.63±0.67) points, t=2.33, P=0.030]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of expected breast reconstruction outcome, expected surgical type, and breast softness scores ( P>0.05 for all). Conclusion:The Care Plan platform for whole course management and follow-up of breast reconstruction can assist medical staff in formulating patient-centered management plans, improve patients’ understanding of surgical information, and aid patients in making decisions regarding breast reconstruction methods.

Objective: To assess the effects of acute exposure to electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette ) on leukocyte and total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) and pulmonary surfactant protein expression in a mouse model, so as to provide insights into the elucidation of the mechanism underlying the damages to the respiratory system caused by e-cigarette. Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6N female mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, the solvent control group and the nicotine group. Mice in the solvent control group and the nicotine group were exposed to the solvent aerosol or e-cigarette aerosol containing 25 mg/mL nicotine for 3 hours daily, while mice in the blank control group were bred in clean air. Following 3-day exposure, mouse BALF and lung specimens were collected. The cell morphology was observed using microscopy following Wright-Giemsa staining and the leukocyte count was estimated in BALF, while the total protein expression was quantified using bicinchoninic acid ( BCA ) assay. In addition, the mRNA expression of pulmonary surfactant protein genes was detected in mouse lung specimens using quantitative real-time PCR ( qPCR ) assay. Results: All mice in three groups grew well without obvious abnormality or death seen. Wright-Giemsa staining showed a higher number of mononuclear macrophages in mouse BALF in the nicotine group than in the blank control group and the solvent control group. The leukocyte counts were ( 2.00±0.77 )×107, ( 1.79±0.99 )×107 and ( 4.00±1.35 )×107 cells/L ( F=9.199, P=0.002 ), and the total protein levels were ( 0.16±0.03 ), ( 0.12±0.02 ) and ( 0.16±0.04 ) mg/mL in mouse BALF in the blank control group, solvent control group and nicotine group ( F=3.610, P=0.048 ), and the relative mRNA expression of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) and SP-D was 1.00±0.14, 0.82±0.12 and 0.74±0.07 ( F=5.491, P=0.028 ), and 1.00±0.06, 0.90±0.02 and 0.71±0.15 in mouse lung specimens, respectively ( F=10.460, P=0.005 ). The leukocyte count was significantly higher in the nicotine group than in the blank control group and solvent control group (P=0.007, 0.003), and the total protein content was higher in the nicotine group than in the solvent control group ( P=0.060 ), while the relative SP-B mRNA expression was lower in the nicotine group than in the blank control group ( P=0.025 ), and the relative SP-D mRNA expression was lower in the nicotine group than in the blank control group and solvent control group ( P=0.004, 0.041 ). Conclusion Acute exposure to e-cigarette results in elevated intrapulmonary inflammatory responses, pulmonary capillary barrier impairment and reduced pulmonary surfactant protein expression.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling exert essential regulatory function in microbial-and onco-immunology through the induction of cytokines, primarily type I interferons. Recently, the aberrant and deranged signaling of the cGAS-STING axis is closely implicated in multiple sterile inflammatory diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, aortic aneurysm and dissection, obesity, etc. This is because of the massive loads of damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, DNA in extracellular vesicles) liberated from recurrent injury to metabolic cellular organelles and tissues, which are sensed by the pathway. Also, the cGAS-STING pathway crosstalk with essential intracellular homeostasis processes like apoptosis, autophagy, and regulate cellular metabolism. Targeting derailed STING signaling has become necessary for chronic inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, excessive type I interferons signaling impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health remain entirely elusive. In this review, we summarize the intimate connection between the cGAS-STING pathway and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We also discuss some potential small molecule inhibitors for the pathway. This review provides insight to stimulate interest in and support future research into understanding this signaling axis in cardiovascular and metabolic tissues and diseases.

Aiming at the current situation of high cost, huge volume, complex operation and difficulty in real application of pulse analyzer, this study designs and implements a portable pulse detection system based on IoT. The design utilizes Raspberry Pi 3B+, STM32 series MCU and cloud server to collect, store, display and recognize pulse signals at CUN, GUAN and CHI. The system is small in size and low in cost, which can be connected with cloud server through network to make full use of resources. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the main feature points of the pulse signal by the portable pulse analyzer is higher than 97%, which has a broad prospect of development and application.
Computers ; Heart Rate

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the epidemic has been spreading rapidly. As an important base to combat the epidemic, the hospital infection prevention and control work is facing great challenges. In particular, as one of the first COVID-19 designated hospitals in a province and a large general hospital at the same time, how to prevent and control nosocomial infection among patients and medical staff during the epidemic period of COVID-19 is of paramount importance. Our strategies start with the three key elements of infectious disease management, namely, "controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting the susceptible population." The in-patients in pre-examination and triage, fever clinic, isolation ward and common ward were inspected from fever screening, pre-examination and triage, personal protection, in-patient management, emergency treatment, accompanying care management, and environmental disinfection. A series of interventions were carried out to effectively cut off the transmission of COVID-19 in hospitals. After effective screening and rational pre-examination and triage for outpatients, emergency patients and inpatients, medical personnel received a series of training, scientific protection, and accompanying personnel were effectively managed and controlled, there was not a single case of nosocomial infection during the epidemic of COVID-19. This series of intervention strategies provides some reference for other medical institutions to carry out effective prevention and control of the epidemic.

Objective:To analyze the trends of overweight and obesity prevalence in Chinese children, aged from 6 to 15 years old among 4 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2019.Methods:Reviewed the national multi-center epidemiological survey data of children from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2009 to 2010) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2017 to 2019). The participants′ data were selected from four provinces,municipalities and autonomous region,including Beijing, Tianjin (Northern region), Zhejiang (Eastern region), and Guangxi (Southern region). Totally 14 597 pairs of 6-15 year-old children were surveyed. According to the body mass index (BMI) and standard deviation score (SDS) of children among different genders, ages, and regions, t test or chi-square test was used to evaluate the changes in overweight and obesity over a 10-year span. Results:Totally 7 721 pairs of boys and 6 876 pairs of girls were collectted in this study, whose mean age was (10.7±2.5) years. In the past 10 years, the overall BMISDS were 0.39±1.24 and 0.36±1.31 and the overall obesity rate were 11.8% ( n=1 773) anel 12.5% ( n=1 813) of children in the 4 administrative regions did not have statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). However, the overall overweight rate rose from 17.1% ( n=2 496) to 19.1% ( n=2 781) (χ2=18.657, P<0.01), and the average annual growth rate was 0.20%. The BMISDS in the Eastern region increased from 0.10±1.07 to 0.19±1.22 ( t=-4.095, P<0.01), and the overweight rate and obesity rate increased by 3.8% ( n=202) and 3.1% ( n=169) respectively (both P<0.01); the BMISDS in the Northern region and the obesity rate did not have statistically significant differences(all P>0.05), but the overweight rate rose from 20.5% ( n=1 233) to 22.8% ( n=1 365) significantly (χ2=7.431, P<0.01); BMISDS in the Southern region was significantly decreased from 0.30±1.19 to 0.09±1.25 ( t=1.426, P<0.01), and the rate of obesity decreased from 9.8% ( n=315) to7.9% ( n=256) (χ2=6.46, P<0.05), the overweight rate was not stafistically significant ( P=0.10), respectively. The obesity rate of boys had risen from 16.4% ( n=1 265) to 18.2% (1 407) (χ2=8.997, P<0.01) in the past 10 years, and the overweight rate had risen from 18.0% ( n=1 393) to 20.5% ( n=1 579) (χ2=14.26, P<0.01). The overweight+obesity rate rose from 34.4% ( n=2 658) to 38.7% ( n=2 986) (χ2=29.859, P<0.01), and the weight problem in the age group of 8 to 11 years was particularly severe (all P<0.01). The obesity rate of girls dropped from 6.8% ( n=468) to 5.9% ( n=406) (χ2=4.546, P<0.05), the overweight rate rose from 16.0% ( n=1 103) to 17.5% ( n=1 202) (χ2=5.006, P<0.05), and the overall overweight+obesity rate rose from 22.8% ( n=1 571) to 23.4% ( n=1 608) (χ2=0.53, P>0.05). Conclusions:The growth rate of obesity among children in China had slowed down from 2009 to 2019, but the overweight rate was still on the rise. The overall base of overweight and obesity population continued to expand. The weight problem of peri-adolescent boys was particularly prominent. The current status of obesity epidemics in different regions, ages, and genders are significantly different and had their own characteristics. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.