Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)is the most aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis.The pathogenesis of ATC is complex,and there is no effective treatment at present.In recent years,with the deep understanding of the genetic(such as BRAF V600E,TP53,TERT,PIK3CA mutations,etc.)and epigenetic(such as histone methylation,histone deacetylation,microRNA regulatory pathways,etc.)changes driving ATC,molecular targeted therapy has brought new hope to ATC patients.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of ATC and the latest achievements in targeted therapy and other therapies.

Objective:To investigate the expression of HBB in anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)cells and its regulatory effect on proliferation,invasion,migration and apoptosis of ATC cells and its potential mechanism.Methods:The expression of HBB in thyroid cancer and paracancerous tissues was analyzed through TIMER database.The correlation between the expression of HBB and the overall survival time of thyroid cancer patients was analyzed through KM-plotter database.The expression of HBB mRNA in ATC cells was detected by RT-qPCR.The HBB knockout or overexpression plasmid was transfected into ATC cells.The expression of HBB protein was detected by Western blot.The proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay.The migration and invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay.The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of β-catenin was detected by Western blot.Results:The expression of HBB was low in thyroid cancer,and the overall survival time of patients with high expression of HBB was high.The expression of HBB protein was down-regulated in ATC cells.Knockout of HBB increased the ability of proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and the expression of β-catenin protein,and inhibited apoptosis.However,overexpression of HBB decreased the ability of proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and the expression of β-catenin protein,and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions:High HBB expression is associated with higher overall survival in patients with thyroid cancer.It may inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of ATC cells and promote apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Because of the unobvious early symptoms and low 5-year survival rate, the early diagnosis and treatment is of great significance for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Glucose transporter-1 is the most widely distributed glucose transporters in various tissue cells in the human body, whose expression in non-small cell lung cancer is closely related to the histological types, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, progression and prognosis.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now recognized as a worldwide public health challenge, and the incidence rate and hospitalization rate have significantly increased in recent years. Without prompt diagnoses and effective treatment in the early renal function damage of CKD, the symptoms will continue to worsen and eventually develop into end-stage renal disease. Functional imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computerized tomography perfusion (CTP), and magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging (MR-PWI) could be used to quantitatively analyze renal perfusion and renal filtration function. Their diagnostic values are increasingly evident and have become the research hotspot in evaluating renal function. The aim of this review is to briefly evaluate the research and application advances in the early renal function damage assessment of CKD, so as to raise the efficiency of clinical applications.
Humans ; Kidney ; diagnostic imaging ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Objective: To synthesize and analyze ¹⁸F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007, followed by its imaging in prostate cancer. Methods: Based on one-step method, ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 was produced by the CFN-MPS-200 automatic synthesis module and its quality analysis was conducted. ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging was performed in a prostate cancer patient (66 years old). Results: The synthesis time of ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 was about 50 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.0±5.0) % (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was above 98.0% after 6 h. The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (410.0±11.0) MBq/ml and the radioactive nuclear purity was above 99.0%. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 was highly concentrated in prostate cancer with maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) of 40.9. Conclusion Based on CFN-MPS-200 multifunction synthesis module, ¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 can be stably synthesized with high radiochemical yield and can be concentrated in prostate cancer.

Lung metastases are more common in metastatic disease in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Because of its insidious onset and slow development, clinical diagnosis is relatively difficult. Some possible diagnostic methods for detecting the lung metastasis of DTC including serological examination, radionuclide imaging and other medical imaging patterns are discussed in this paper. The progress and the current situation about investigation of those modalities which are in the early diagnosis, recurrent and clinical evaluation for the lung metastasis of DTC are briefly reviewed. Therefore, it is expected to promote DTC with lung metastasis to a higher diagnostic level.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology

Accurate clinical staging of cervical cancer before treatment is very important for making treatment decisions,monitoring therapy effect,forecasting the prognosis,and adjusting treatment plan.The metabolic changes in the primary tumor and metastases of cervical cancer could be clearly detected by 18FFDG PET/CT whole body imaging,which helps to guide the clinical staging,treatment options,and is conducive to monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis.

Mucin antigen 4 (MUC4) is a molecular marker for some malignant tumors for early tumor diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. It provides a new research direction in tumor diagnosis and treatment that will have a wide application prospect. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic and clini-a wide application prospect. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic and clinical studies about MUC4, but the molecular imaging study about MUC4 is seldom reported. In this paper the recentcal studies about MUC4, but the molecular imaging study about MUC4 is seldom reported. In this paper the recent research about MUC4 on basic and clinical studies is briefly reviewed, and it is expected to promote the development of tumor molecular imaging.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mucin-4 ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Prognosis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a glycoprotein that promotes endothelial regeneration, stimulates formation of collateral blood vessels and increases vascular permeability. The purpose of this study was to measure the peripheral blood plasma level of VEGF and FT3, FT4, TSH and to analyze the correlation of the level of VEGF and TSH, FT3, FT4, age and gender in the patients of hyperthyroidism. The relationship between hyperthyroidism and VEGF was investigated as well. The plasma level of VEGF in 45 hyperthyroidism patients and 27 healthy persons were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while plasma FT3, FT4, TSH were detected by chemiluminescence. The result showed that the plasma level of VEGF in hyperthyroidism patients [(92.53 +/- 62.38) pg/mL] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(158.28 +/- 77.15) pg/mL] (P < 0.01). The plasma level of VEGF correlated with age, and that of those over 40Y was significantly higher than that of 40Y or younger (P < 0.05) in healthy group. Whereas there was no correlation among VEGF, TSH, FT3, FT4, age and gender in hyperthyroidism patients (P > 0.05). These results suggested that the peripheral blood plasma level of VEGF in hyperthyroidism patients was significantly lower than that in the control group. Further experimental investigations are needed to estimate the relationship between VEGF and hyperthyroidism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood ; Young Adult

The basic function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is to promote vascular growth. Recent studies show that VEGF plays a vital role in various thyroid diseases through prompting angiogenesis. But the function of VEGF and specific change condition in different thyroid disease still needs further explorations. This review mainly focuses on the molecular characteristics and clinical application of VEGF.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Animals ; Graves Disease ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Thyroid Diseases ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Thyroid Gland ; blood supply ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Thyroiditis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism