The antidepressant activity and molecular mechanisms of Yueju Wan volatile oil were investigated. The Yueju Wan volatile oil was extracted by using supercritical CO_2. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) combined with network pharmacology identified 28 chemical constituents in Yueju Wan volatile oil, primarily terpenes and lactones. A total of 123 overlapping targets were associated with depression, including core targets of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), and caspase-3(CASP3). These targets were mainly involved in the prolactin, advanced glycation end products/receptor(AGE/RAGE), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. A reserpine-induced depression mouse model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Yueju Wan volatile oil. The effects of Yueju Wan volatile oil on depression-like behavior in mice were evaluated by analyzing body mass, body temperature index, tail suspension immobility time, forced swimming immobility time, and sucrose preference. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining revealed neuronal protection of Yueju Wan volatile oil in the brain of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and Western blot were employed to detect the protein expression of AGEs, IL-1β, phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K), Akt, phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt), nuclear factor κB(NF-κB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). Behavioral evaluation showed that Yueju Wan volatile oil could effectively control the decline of body mass and body temperature of depressed mice, reduce tail suspension and swimming immobility time, and enhance their preference for sucrose. Histopathological examination showed that Yueju Wan volatile oil could alleviate the neuronal damage in CA1 and dentate gyrus(DG) of the hippocampus of mice. ELISA and Western blot results showed that Yueju Wan volatile oil could significantly increase the protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, and BDNF and significantly decrease the protein expression levels of AGEs, IL-1β, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and NF-κB in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, the p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratios were significantly decreased at medium and high doses. These findings suggest that the aromatherapy of Yueju Wan volatile oil can significantly improve reserpine-induced depression-like behavior in mice, which may be related to reducing the expression of neuronal membrane protein AGEs, reducing the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt, inhibiting NF-κB entry into the nucleus, and alleviating the release of pro-inflammatory factors and nerve injury.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/chemistry* ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/immunology* ; Oils, Volatile/chemistry* ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Depression/metabolism* ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/immunology* ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the current situation of community nursing needs of patients with middle and advanced Parkinson ′s disease, analyze the factors affecting the demand, and further explore the possible pathways of action between the factors, so as to provide the basis for formulating targeted community intervention measures in a more comprehensive way. Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 242 patients with middle and advanced Parkinson ′s disease from the Second Hospital Affiliated to the Army Medical University from November 2022 to January 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method, and the Community Care Need Scale, General Data Questionnaire, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and the Self-management Effectiveness Questionnaire of Parkinson ′s disease patients were used. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the data, and investigated the relationship between readiness for hospital discharge, self-management efficacy, active coping styles, and community nursing needs. Results:A total of 234 valid questionnaires were collected, including 108 males and 126 females, aged 39-93 (67.25±8.93) years. The average score of all dimensions from high to low was: disease treatment dimension (4.16±0.42), daily care dimension (4.05±0.97), fall prevention dimension (4.04±0.80), extended care dimension (3.95±0.65), emotional support dimension (3.77±0.65) and self function (3.75±0.72). Univariate analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in community nursing needs scores among middle and advanced Parkinson ′s disease patients with different educational level and different family income ( F=5.11, 3.05, both P<0.05). Readiness for hospital discharge, self-management efficacy and positive coping style were negatively correlated with community nursing needs of patients with middle and advanced Parkinson′s disease ( r=-0.567, -0.412, -0.398, all P<0.01), and self-management efficacy and positive coping style played a partial mediating role between readiness for hospital discharge and community nursing needs. Conclusions:There is a wide range of community nursing needs that patients with middle and advanced Parkinson ′s disease, and patients with primary school and below, high school and above, and low family income are higher. It is suggested that the community disease management process should focus on this group of people. Medical institutions should help patients with middle and advanced Parkinson ′s disease improve their ability to manage the disease by improving discharge preparation services, so that they can smoothly transition from hospital to home, thereby reducing the needs for community nursing.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Wendantang on the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase receptors B （TrkB） and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein （CREB） in the hippocampus of rats with schizophrenia （SCZ）. MethodFifty-four rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， high （40 g·kg^-1）， medium （20 g·kg^-1）， low-dose （10 g·kg^-1） Wendantang groups， and a clozapine （0.02 g·kg^-1） group， with 9 rats in each group. All groups of rats were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 21 d. The normal and model groups were given equal volume of normal saline. Except the normal group， the other 5 groups were given 0.6 mg·kg^-1 dizocilpine maleate （MK-801） at 2 hours after the last administration for intraperitoneal injection to induce the rat model of SCZ. The level of spontaneous activity of rats was observed by open field experiment. Histomorphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of TrKB， phosphorylated-TrKB （p-TrKB）， CREB， and phosphorylated-CREB （p-CREB） were detected by Western blot. The protein expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area were observed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the level of spontaneous activity in the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The arrangement of neuronal cells in the hippocampus CA1 area was loose and disorganized， and some neurons were denatured in the model group. The protein expression levels of TrKB， p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB in the hippocampus， the protein expression levels of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area， and the mRNA expression of TrKB and CREB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the level of spontaneous activity in all Wendantang groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The neuronal cells in the hippocampal CA1 area of rats in all Wendantang groups were relatively neatly and closely arranged， the morphology of cell body was more regular， and neurons degeneration was rarely observed. The protein expression level of TrKB in the hippocampus was significantly higher in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05）. The protein expression levels of p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB in the hippocampus were significantly higher in all Wendantang groups （P<0.05）. The protein expression of TrKB in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly increased in all Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression of CREB in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly increased in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of TrKB in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the high and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of CREB was significantly increased in the medium and low-dose Wendantang groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWendantang can prevent the occurrence and development of SCZ and cognitive impairment by decreasing the level of spontaneous activity， improving the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons， and increasing the expression levels of TrKB， p-TrKB， CREB， and p-CREB.

Objective:To explore the effect of supplementing stem cell therapy with aerobic exercise in left ventricle remodeling after myocardial infarction.Methods:Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats had acute myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. They were then randomly divided into a model group, a stem cell group, an exercise group and an observation group. Another ten healthy Wistar rats formed a sham operation group. The rats in the stem cell and observation groups were infused with a suspension of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the tail vein. Beginning four weeks later, the exercise and observation groups underwent 60 minutes of aerobic treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the eight weeks the rats′ exercise performance was evaluated using a graded treadmill exercise test. And after the last training session cardiac structure and function were detected using ultrasound imaging. Tissue was then collected from the left ventricles and the collagen volume fractions were calculated. The expression of myocardial brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), heavy chain β-myosin (β-MHC) and α-MHC mRNA was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCRs.Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the time and distance to exhaustion shortened significantly in the model group, with a significant decrease in the average maximum running speed, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle shortening fraction (LVFS), expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio. There was a significant increase in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC in the model group. Compared with the model group, there was a significant increase in the average LVEF and LVFS of the stem cell group as well as in the time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and in the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio of the observation group, but a significant decrease in the average collagen volume fraction of the stem cell group compared with the observation group, together with the resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, the expression of BNP and of β-MHC. Compared with the stem cell group, the observation group showed a significant increase in the average time and distance to exhaustion, maximum running speed, expression of α-MHC and the α-MHC/β-MHC ratio, with a significant decrease in the average resting heart rate, collagen volume fraction, expression of BNP and β-MHC.Conclusion:Aerobic exercise or stem cell therapy alone can inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction, at least in rats. The combination of the two treatments has a synergistic effect and can further enhance the effect of stem cell therapy.

Objective : To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cases with pertussis in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into pertussis diagnosis and control. Methods: A total of 186 patients with definitive diagnosis of pertussis in medical institutions in Yiwu City from November 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022 were recruited, and subjects' demographic, clinical symptoms and history of pertussis vaccination were collected using questionnaire surveys. The temporal, population, and spatial distribution and clinical symptoms of pertussis were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method, and the clinical characteristics of pertussis patients with different doses of pertussis vaccination were compared. Results: Pertussis was found to predominantly occur during the period between July and November (101 cases, 54.30%), and the three highest-incidence regions included Jiangdong Street, Beiyuan Street and Choujiang Street (87 cases, 46.77%). The 186 pertussis cases included 105 males (56.45%) and 81 females (43.55%), and included 144 cases with age of onset under 7 year (77.42%). Preschool and diaspora children were predominant among all pertussis cases, and the main clinical symptoms included spasmodic cough (97 cases, 52.15%), post-tussive vomiting (82 cases, 44.09%) and aggravated cough at night (77 cases, 41.40%). Routine blood tests measured 119 cases with abnormal white blood cell counts (63.98%), 137 cases with abnormal lymphocyte counts (73.66%), 39 cases with abnormal neutrophil counts (20.97%), 21 cases with abnormal platelet counts (11.29%) and 111 cases with abnormal hemoglobin concentrations (59.68%). There were 55 cases that were unvaccinated (29.57%), 23 cases that were not fully vaccinated (12.37%), and 108 cases that were fully vaccinated (58.06%). There were significant differences among pertussis cases with different doses of vaccination in terms of age, incidence of post-tussive vomiting, percentage of abnormal platelet counts and percentage of hemoglobin concentrations (all P<0.05). Conclusions The majority of pertussis cases are preschool and diaspora children in Yiwu City from November 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, and the clinical symptoms mainly include spasmodic cough, post-tussive vomiting and aggravated cough at night, with atypical symptoms. The capability for differential diagnosis of pertussis is required to be improved in medical institutions.

Objective:To explore the association rules of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, so as to provide advice for the synthetical treatment.Methods:From July to November 2021, a total of 117 primary angle closure glaucoma patients(acute patients n=89, chronic patients n=28) in ophthalmology department of five hospitals in Nanjing were investigated with type A behavior pattern scale, health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ and general information questionnaire.Based on Weka 3.8.5, algorithm of Apriori was used to mine its association relationship. Results:(1) The total scores of type A behavior pattern scale for patients with acute and chronic types of primary angle closure glaucoma were (32.48±6.43) and (27.54±6.49) respectively.The total scores of health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ were (101.69±11.83) and (97.79±7.78) respectively.(2) There were positive associations among patients with acute primary angle closure glaucoma, type A/A-personality (including impatience and hostility) and health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0). And patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma were associated with B/B-personality (including patience and mild), health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0).Conclusion:Primary angle closure glaucoma is strongly related with personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle.Its synthetical treatment plan should take both physical and mental measures, and classified health management for patients with different disease types.

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells. In cancers, exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response, blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promoting angiogenesis. They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers. Because of their amphipathic structure, exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in the central nervous system is the most lethal advanced glioma and currently there is no effective treatment for it. Studies of sinomenine, an alkaloid from the Chinese medicinal plant,

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary tumor in the central nervous system, accounting for 12%-15% of all brain tumors. 3--Acetyl-11-keto--boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the most active ingredients of gum resin from Birdw., was reported to inhibit the growth of glioblastoma cells and subcutaneous glioblastoma. However, whether AKBA has antitumor effects on orthotopic glioblastoma and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. An orthotopic mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-glioblastoma effects of AKBA. The effects of AKBA on tumor growth were evaluated using MRI. The effects on the alteration of metabolic landscape were detected by MALDI-MSI. The underlying mechanisms of autophagy reducing by AKBA treatment were determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Transmission electron microscope was used to check morphology of cells treated by AKBA. Our results showed that AKBA (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of orthotopic U87-MG gliomas. Results from MALDI-MSI showed that AKBA improved the metabolic profile of mice with glioblastoma, while immunoblot assays revealed that AKBA suppressed the expression of ATG5, p62, LC3B, p-ERK/ERK, and P53, and increased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR. Taken together, these results suggested that the antitumor effects of AKBA were related to the normalization of aberrant metabolism in the glioblastoma and the inhibition of autophagy. AKBA could be a promising chemotherapy drug for glioblastoma.

Objective: To analyze the prognostic value of CD7 expression in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and to further explore the correlation between CD7 expression and CEBPA mutation, and to clarify the prognostic value of CD7(+) in AML patients with wild-type (WT) or mutant-type (MT) CEBPA. Methods: The clinical data of 298 newly diagnosed non-M(3) AML patients between January 2010 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of CD7(+) and CD7(-) patients were respectively compared in all patients, and in patients with WT and MT CEBPA. The relationship between CD7 expression and CEBPA mutation was determined by chi-square, and the effects of CEBPA mutation on survival and prognosis in CD7(+) group by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In CD7(+) group, the frequencies of CEBPA mutation were 10.1% (single site) and 33.9% (double site) , significantly higher than those of the CD7(-) group (5.3% and 4.2%) (P=0.000) . Subgroup prognostic analysis showed a lower CR rate (P=0.001) and a higher RR (P=0.023) in CD7(+) group comparing to those of CD7(-) group in AML patients with wild type CEBPA. There were no statistical difference between CD7(+) group and CD7(-) group in overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (P>0.05) , while in the CEBPA mutant group the CD7(+) group has higher OS (P=0.019) and DFS (P=0.010) . Based on the CD7 expression and CEBPA mutation, 298 cases were divided into 3 subgroups, named as CD7(+)-CEBPA MT group, CD7(-) and CD7(+)-CEBPA WT group. The 3-year OS of the 3 groups were 80.2%, 48.0% and 30.6%, respectively (P<0.001) , and the 3-year DFS were 74.1%, 37.4% and 22.2%, respectively (P<0.001) . Conclusion: The CEBPA mutation rate was higher in CD7(+) AML patients then that of CD7(-) patients. CD7 expression has opposite prognostic significance in AML patients carrying the wild-type or mutant-type CEBPA. Based on CD7 expression and CEBPA mutation, a new risk stratification model can be established, which is helpful to guide the clinical individualized treatment for AML patients.
CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies