Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

OBJECTIVE To establish standardized operating procedures,result interpretation guidelines,and clinical application protocols for dust mite-nasal allergen challenge(NAC),and to systematically evaluate its operational reliability and safety.METHODS Patients with positive serum-specific IgE(sIgE)against mites and healthy controls were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024.Demographic and clinical information was systematically collected.A standardized mite allergen extract was utilized to prepare the challenge solution for all participants.Bilateral synchronous nasal spray challenges were conducted using progressively increasing concentrations(1 000,3 000,10 000,and 30 000 BU/ml).During the challenge,total nasal symptom scores,visual analogue scale,acoustic rhinometry,active anterior rhinomanometry,and four-phase rhinomanometry were assessed,and all evaluation data and diagnostic outcomes were documented accordingly.RESULTS Compared to the baseline measurements,both subjective symptom scores and objective evaluation indicators in patients demonstrated statistically significant changes following NAC(P≤0.001).Among these patients,40 individuals(81.6%)exhibited a positive response to the dust mite-NAC.All healthy control subjects showed negative results in the test.CONCLUSION This study established standardized operating procedures and clinical application guidelines for the dust mite-NAC.These encompass indications,contraindications,preparation of stimulation solutions,procedural steps,operational standards,criteria for positive results,and pre-/post-examination precautions,thereby providing a clinically actionable framework for dust mite-NAC implementation.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Shuangzhu Kangxian Prescription(Astragali Radix,bran-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,vinegar-prepared Rhizoma Curcumae,Bupleuri Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Litchi Semen)on improving hepatitic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)in rats based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods The rat model of hepatitic fibrosis was replicated by subcutaneous injection of 3.0 mL·kg-1 40%CCl4 twice a week for 8 weeks.SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group(n=8),model group(n=7),positive control group(n=7,intragastric administration of 43.19 mg·kg-1 silymarin),low-dose Chinese medicine group(n=6,intragastric administration of 4.3 g·kg-1Shuangzhu Kangxian Prescription),medium-dose Chinese medicine group(n=6,intragastric administration of 8.6 g·kg-1Shuangzhu Kangxian Prescription),high-dose Chinese medicine group(n=7,intragastric administration of 17.2 g·kg-1Shuangzhu Kangxian Prescription).The continuous intragastric administration was given once a day for 4 consective weeks,in addition to the blank control group,the other groups continued to be subcutaneously injected with CCl4 at the same time.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE and Masson staining.The levels of serum type Ⅳ collagen(Col Ⅳ),type Ⅲ procollagen(PC Ⅲ),hyaluronic acid(HA)and laminin(LN)were detected by ELISA.The protein expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and PPAR-γ in liver tissue were detected by Western Blot.The mRNA expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and PPAR-γ in liver tissue were detected by qPCR.Results Compared with the blank control group,the liver of the model group showed partial necrosis of liver cells,the normal hepatic lobule structure was destroyed,the arrangement of liver cell cords was disordered,the central vein or portal area was enlarged,and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated to form bridging necrosis.The collagen fibers in the central vein or portal area of the liver proliferated significantly,forming fibrous septa,and the fibrosis score were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The levels of serum Col IV,PC Ⅲ,HA and LN were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The protein and mRNA expression levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin in liver tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the steatosis of hepatocytes in the positive control group and the medium-and high-dose groups of Chinese medicine was improved,and the necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced.The degree of hepatitic fibrosis was improved,the liver collagen fibers were reduced,and the fibrosis score was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The levels of serum Col Ⅳ,PC Ⅲ,HA and LN were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The protein and mRNA expression levels of Wnt1 and β-catenin in liver tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shuangzhu Kangxian Prescription has the effect of anti CCl4-induced hepatitic fibrosis in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effect of the probiotic bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12 (K12) against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection in mice. METHODS: Forty male BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group, K12 treatment group, Mp infection group, and K12 pretreatment prior to Mp infection group. The probiotic K12 was administered daily by gavage for 14 days before Mp infection induced by intranasal instillation of Mp. Three days after Mp infection, the mice were euthanized for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts and serum levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the P1 and community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome ( CARDS ) toxin of Mp in the lung tissues and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine 1 (CXCL1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), mucin 5ac (MUC5ac), collagen 3a1 (Col3a1), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4; the protein expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung tissue were detected using Western blotting. Pathological changes in the lung tissue and airway remodeling were examined with HE staining and AB/PAS staining. RESULTS: Compared with the Mp-infected mice with PBS treatment, the infected mice with K12 treatment showed significantly lowered mRNA levels of P1 and CARDS in the lung tissue and reduced white blood cell counts in the BALF (P<0.05). In spite of the absence of significant differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups, the mRNA expressions of TNF‑α, IL-6, CXCL1, MMP9, MUC5ac and COL3A1 and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung tissues were significantly lower in K12-treated mice, in which AB/PAS staining showed obviously decreased mucus secretion. CONCLUSIONS K12 pretreatment can effectively reduce pulmonary inflammatory responses, improve airway remodeling and alleviate lung injury in Mp-infected mice.
Animals ; Mice ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism* ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Male ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Lung/microbiology* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Streptococcus salivarius ; Probiotics/administration & dosage* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; Mucin 5AC/metabolism* ; Chemokine CXCL1/metabolism* ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism* ; Bacterial Toxins ; Bacterial Proteins

To preliminarily understand the pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) GroEL protein, we used bioinformatics tools to predict the structure and function of Mg GroEL protein and then constructed the recombinant plasmid pET-28a-GroEL. The protein expression was induced by 0.2 mmol/L IPTG, and the expressed protein was purified by Ni-iminodicitic acid (IDA) column affinity. Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells were exposed to 2 μg/mL Mg rGroEL. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the cell supernatant were measured by ELISA, and that of IL-6 was measured by an automatic chemiluminescence instrument. The activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was visualized by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The results showed that Mg GroEL was a stable hydrophilic protein composed of 543 amino acid residues, with the relative molecular mass of 58.44 kDa, an isoelectric point of 5.68, and a molecular formula of C₂₅₆₈H₄₃₀₀N₇₀₀O₈₂₅S₈. The secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helices and random coils. Mg GroEL contained 12 B-cell dominant epitopes and 10 T-cell dominant epitopes. It exhibited high homology with the GroEL proteins from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. agalactiae, M. arthritidis, M. hyopneumoniae, and M. bovis. Mg rGroEL activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in THP-1 cells. These results suggest that Mg GroEL exhibits substantial antigenicity and possesses the capability of triggering inflammation in host cells. This study establishes a theoretical basis for future investigations pertaining to the role and pathogenic mechanisms of Mg GroEL.
Mycoplasma genitalium/metabolism* ; Chaperonin 60/metabolism* ; Computational Biology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics* ; THP-1 Cells ; Signal Transduction ; Escherichia coli/metabolism*

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract， with the pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have demonstrated obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of gastric cancer， the patients suffer from complications and adverse effects. Basic experiments and clinical studies have proved that Chinese medicine can treat gastric cancer in a multi-component and multi-target manner， the mechanisms of which remain to be deciphered. Therefore， the mechanism of Chinese medicine against gastric cancer needs to be unveiled by network pharmacology and tools of molecular biology. According to Chinese medicine， the occurrence of gastric cancer is mainly attributed to liver Qi stagnation， phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation， body fluid deficiency and heat accumulation， deficiency of healthy Qi， and cancer toxin accumulation. According to the available literature， herbal compound formulas such as Sancao Tiaowei decoction， Xiaojianzhong decoction， and Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction focus on tonifying， clearing heat， and detoxifying， while herbal active components are mainly insecticidal， heat-clearing， blood-activating， stasis-removing， and Qi-regulating drugs. The therapeutic effects of these Chinese medicines are consistent with the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. It has been demonstrated that Chinese medicines play a role in promoting apoptosis and autophagy， blocking cell cycle， and reversing cellular drug resistance to treat gastric cancer by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad， Wnt/β-catenin， and Hedgehog signaling pathways， while there is a lack of systematic understanding. By systematically summarizing the signaling pathways related to the regulation of gastric cancer by Chinese medicine， this study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine against the development， invasion， and metastasis of gastric cancer， with a view to providing new targets， perspectives， and ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer and promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of total flavone of Litchi Semen （TFL） on proliferation， apoptosis， migration， and invasion of hepatoma cells HepG2. MethodMethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric （MTT） assay was used to detect the effect of different-dose TFL and cisplatin on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay was used to detect the effects of low， medium， and high-dose （70， 140， 210 mg·L^-1） of TFL and cisplatin （60 mg·L^-1） on the apoptosis of HepG2 cells， thus selecting the optimal dose of TFL for the follow-up experiment. HepG2 cells were divided into a blank group， a TFL group （140 mg·L^-1）， a TFL+XL019 group （140 mg·L^-1 TFL+0.5 μmol·L^-1 XL019）， and a TFL+TPI-1 group （140 mg·L^-1 TFL+1 μmol·L^-1 TPI-1）. The effect of TFL on migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were examined by wound healing test and Transwell invasion assay， and the effect of TFL on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） marker in HepG2 cells were examined by cell immunofluorescence assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression of key proteins in Janus kinase 2（JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway after the intervention by TFL. ResultMTT assay showed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by TFL and cisplatin at 24 and 48 h as compared with blank group （P<0.01）， and the half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of TFL on HepG2 cells was （136.7±2.40） mg·L^-1 at 24 h and （106.8±1.11） mg·L^-1 at 48 h. The IC₅₀ of cisplatin on HepG2 cells was （58.48±2.04） mg·L^-1 at 24 h and （5.15±0.56） mg·L^-1 at 48 h. The results of TUNEL assay showed that TFL induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The optimal dose of TFL was 140 mg·L^-1. The results of wound healing test showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group significantly inhibited the migration of HepG2 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the inhibitory effect of the TFL+XL019 Group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， while that of the TFL+TPI-1 group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The Transwell invasion assay showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group significantly inhibited the invasion of HepG2 cells （P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the inhibitory effect of the TFL+XL019 group was significantly increased （P<0.05）， while that of the TFL+TPI-1 group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The results of immunofluorescence showed the intervention of TFL up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin， and down-regulated the expression of Vimentin in HepG2 cells， which was stronger in the TFL+XL019 group and weaker in the TFL+TPI-1 group. The results of Western blot showed that compared with the blank group， the TFL group， TFL+XL019 group， and the TFL+TPI-1 group did not affect the expression of JAK2 or STAT3 protein， but significantly decreased the expression levels of phosphorylatied （p）-JAK2 and p-STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. As compared with the TFL group， the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the TFL+XL019 group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while those in the TFL+TPI-1 group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the TFL group significantly increased the expression level of Src-homology domain 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1（SHP-1） with sh2 domain （P<0.01）. ConclusionTFL has the effects of inhibiting the proliferation， promoting apoptosis of HepG2 cells， and reversing the EMT process of HepG2 cells to reduce the migration and invasion， which are presumably related to the activation of SHP-1 by TFL to block JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.