Objective:To investigate the current status of sarcopenia and self-management in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the identification of risk factors for sarcopenia by diabetes self-management ability.Methods:Using convenience sampling, 284 elderly patients with T2DM who visited a community health service center in Beijing from March to September 2023 were selected as subjects. The patients were screened for sarcopenia and received related health examinations based on Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus. Surveys were conducted using general information questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure, and other questionnaires. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of muscle attenuation (defined as suspected and confirmed sarcopenia).Results:The prevalence of muscle attenuation in the 284 elderly patients with T2DM was 48.9%, and the prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.9%. The proportions of females, patients who are over 70 years old, and patients with a sedentary lifestyle were significantly higher in the group with muscle attenuation compared with the group without muscle attenuation. High-quality protein intake, extremity skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, and six-meter walking speed were significantly lower in the muscle attenuation group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and high-quality protein intake were influencing factors for sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM ( P<0.05). The total self-care scores and subtotals in exercise domains showed significant differences ( P<0.05) between patients with and without muscle attenuation. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in self-management behaviors among patient groups stratified by grip strengths and 6-meter walk speeds ( P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that grip strength and 6-meter walk speed were influencing factors for exercise management behaviors in elderly patients with T2DM ( P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM is relatively high, and their level of diabetes self-management is medium to low. Practitioners should pay extra attention to patients who are over 70 years old, with sedentary habits, with low intake of high-quality protein, and females. It's recommended to use grip strength and 6-meter walk speed tests as initial screening tools for sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM, in order to identify risks early and implement targeted health management to promote the development of good self-management behaviors among patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yiqi Jiedu Recipe(YQ)on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,and to explore its mechanisms of action on proliferation,migration,and invasion through the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway.Methods(1)The 5-8F cells were divided into four groups:solvent control group,YQ 0.5 mg·mL-1 group,YQ 1.0 mg·mL-1 group,and 5-fluorouracil 2 μg·mL-1 group.Cell proliferation was monitored using real-time cell analysis(RTCA).Wound healing experiment was conducted to assess cell migration.After 24 hours of drug intervention,transwell assay was employed to measure cell invasion.The protein expression levels of β-catenin,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,TGF-β1,and SMAD3 in the cells were evaluated using the Western Blot method.(2)The 5-8F cells were divided into five groups:solvent control group,TGF-β1 10 ng·mL-1 group,TGF-β1 10 ng·mL-1+YQ 1.0 mg·mL-1 group,YQ 1.0 mg·mL-1 group,and LY3200882 10 μmol·L-1 group.Cell proliferation was monitored using RTCA.Wound healing experiment was conducted to assess cell migration.After 24 hours of drug intervention,transwell assay was employed to measure cell invasion.The protein expression levels of β-catenin,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,TGF-β1,and SMAD3 in the cells were evaluated using Western Blot.(3)The nude mice were randomly assigned into the model group,YQ group,and 5-fluorouracil group.Subcutaneous injection of 5-8F cell suspension was performed to establish the xenograft nude mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.After the tumors reached a certain size,the 5-fluorouracil group received intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu once every 2 days,while the other groups were orally administered corresponding drugs once a day for three consecutive weeks.Tumor volume was measured every 3 days.Western Blot was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of β-catenin,E-cadherin,and N-cadherin in the tissues of each group.Results Compared with the solvent control group,the proliferation curves of 5-8F cells in the YQ(0.5 mg·mL-1,1.0 mg·mL-1)groups showed a decrease.The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were both reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression of E-cadherin protein significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the protein expression of β-catenin,N-cadherin,TGF-β1,and SMAD3 all decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the transplanted tumor volume of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the YQ group significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the protein expression of β-catenin and N-cadherin in the transplanted tissues of the YQ group was significantly downregulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the expression of E-cadherin protein was significantly upregulated(P＜0.01).After the addition of the activator and inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling pathway,compared with the YQ 1.0 mg·mL-1 group,the TGF-β1 10 ng·mL-1+YQ 1.0 mg·mL-1 group showed a significant increase in the expression of TGF-β1,SMAD3,β-catenin,and N-cadherin proteins(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)and obvious enhancement of the abilities of cell proliferation,migration,and invasion(P＜0.01).Conclusion Yiqi Jiedu Recipe can inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion by regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 21(TRIM21)in chronic apical periodontitis(CAP)and its potential mechanism.Methods:Human CAP tissue and normal periodontal tissue were collected.The expression of inflamma-tory factors(IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-a,TGF-β1),osteoclast related genes(TRAP,RANKL,CTSK),macrophage polarization related genes(CD86,iNOS,CD206,Arg1)and TRIM21 were detected by RT-qPCR.TRIM21 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the osteoclasts was detected by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining.The inflammation cell model was es-tablished by stimulating Raw264.7 cells with lipoteichoic acid(LTA)or lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and the expression of the above factors was detected.The bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)extracted from wild-type and TRIM21-/-mice stimulated by LPS were used to verify the expression of the above factors by RT-qPCR,the osteoclasts were detected by TRAP staining,and the po-larization of macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results:In CAP tissue the expression of inflammatory factors,osteoclast related genes,CD86,iNOS and TRIM21 increased,while CD206 and Arg1 decreased,and osteoclasts were more than that in normal tissue.The stimulation of LTA/LPS promoted the proliferation of Raw264.7 cells,and the expression of these factors in cells was consistent with that in tissues.After LPS stimulation,BMDMs of TRIM21-/-mice had lighter inflammation,lower expression of os-teoclast specific genes,fewer osteoclasts and lower M1 polarization than those of wild type mice.Conclusion:TRIM21 might promote the progress of CAP by promoting M1 polarization of macrophages.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and possible influencing factors of cognitive impairment in patients with CSF1R related diseases (CRD), and provide a basis for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of CRD.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on CRD patients diagnosed at the Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital from April 1, 2018 to May 1, 2024. Information such as gender, age of onset, family history, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, imaging features, and CSF1R gene mutations were collected to analyze the phenotypic characteristics of CRD patients with different cognitive levels. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors that may be related to CRD cognitive dysfunction.Results:A total of 40 patients were collected, including 22 males and 18 females. 42.5%(17/40) of the patients had a family history, with an onset age of (39.6±7.9)years and an overall median disease duration of 1.25(1.00, 2.00)years. The MMSE score was (17.90±7.89)points and the MoCA score was (15.16±7.76)points. All patients had frontal leukoencephalopathies and no cerebellar involvement. The cognitive impairment of patients was multidimensional, mainly characterized by orientation disorders, structural barriers attention and calculation disorders, visual spatial and executive dysfunction, delayed recall disorders, and language dysfunction. Patients with onset age ≥40 years old had poorer abstract ability. In addition, patients with a positive family history had poorer immediate memory and naming abilities, while those with ventricular dilation had poorer scores in MMSE total score, MoCA total score, orientation, delayed recall ability, and naming ability.Conclusions:CRD patients generally exhibit significant impairment in multiple cognitive domains, mainly characterized by deficits in orientation, structure attention, and computational abilities. Patients with early onset, long course of illness, positive family history, and ventricular enlargement are more likely to experience partial cognitive decline.

AIM: To explore retinal microvascular changes in migraine patients using meta-analysis.METHODS: The National Library of Medicine PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to find relevant studies, and the search period was from the creation of database to June 2023. Two investigators independently screened the literatures, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included studies using the NOS scale. STATA15.0 was used for Meta-analysis and publication bias evaluation, sensitivity analysis was performed for results with large heterogeneity, and the funnel plot and Egger were used to assess the publication bias of the literature.RESULTS:A total of 12 studies, including 217 patients(252 eyes)with migraine with aura(MA), 283 patients(388 eyes)with migraine without aura(MO), and 374 healthy individuals(479 eyes), were included in this Meta-analysis. Several optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators, including foveal avascular zone(FAZ)macular or optic disc perfusion density were compared and analyzed. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with healthy controls, patients with MA had a significant increase in FAZ area and perimeter, a significant decrease in perfusion density of the macular deep capillary plexus(mDCP)except for the fovea, and a significant decrease in perfusion density of the radial peripapillary capillaries(RPC)around the optic disc; the FAZ parameters were significantly increased in MO, while the differences in perfusion density of the macular superficial capillary plexus(mSCP), mDCP and RPC were not statistically significant, except for the perfusion density in the parafovea mDCP.CONCLUSIONS: Both MA and MO patients had an enlarged FAZ area, patients with MA had a significant decrease in mDCP perfusion density, and migraine patients had some degree of retinal ischemia.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Huqi Zhengxiao Formula （槲芪癥消方） on the survival rate and quality of life of patients with stage Ⅲ hepatitis B-associated primary liver cancer （PLC） with syndrome of healthy qi deficiency and toxic stasis accumulation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation （TACE） treatment. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-six patients with stage Ⅲ hepatitis B-associated PLC who were identified as syndrome of healthy qi deficiency and toxic stasis accumulation after TACE treatment were selected， and were randomly assigned to 63 cases each of the treatment group and the control group in a ratio of 1∶1 by using the random number table method； the control group was given symptomatic supportive treatments with western internal medicine， and the treatment group was given the addition of Huqi Zhengxiao Formula on the basis of the control group. All patients were treated for a period of 48 weeks， and were followed up at weeks 4， 8， 12， 24， 36， and 48 of the treatment process. The primary effectiveness index was the 1-year survival rate， and the secondary effectiveness index was the Karnofsky score and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-meier method， and Log-rank test was used to compare the differences between the survival curves of each group. ResultsSix withdrawals in the treatment group and seven withdrawals in the control group， and finally 57 patients in the test group and 56 patients in the control group were included in the statistical analysis. The 1-year survival rate of patients in the treatment group was 56.1% （32/57）， which was higher than that of 33.9% （19/56） in the control group （P = 0.033）. The mean survival time was （275.30±15.50） days in the treatment group， higher than （227.16±17.11） days in the control group （P = 0.039）. Thirty-two patients in the treatment group and 19 patients in the control group completed the Karnofsky score and TCM symptom score at each time point. At weeks 4， 8， 12 and 36， the difference in the Karnofsky score between the two groups was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）； at weeks 24 and 48， the Karnofsky score in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group at the same time point （P＜0.05）； analysis of variance of repeated measurements found that the downward trend of the Karnofsky score in the treatment group was slower than that in the control group （F = 4.47， P = 0.037）. The difference between the TCM symptom scores of the two groups at each follow-up observation point was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）； there was a tendency for the TCM symptom scores of the two groups to increase， but the ANOVA of repeated measurements found that the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant either （F = 0.31， P = 0.58）. Concusion The oral administration of Huqi Zhengxiao Formula can improve the survival rate， prolong the survival time， and improve the quality of life of patients with stage Ⅲ hepatitis B-associated PLC with syndrome of healthy qi deficiency and toxic stasis accumulations after TACE treatment.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases from 2019 to 2023 after the elimination of malaria in Shanxi Province, and provide reference for formulating scientific and effective malaria prevention and control strategies in Shanxi Province.Methods:The data of imported malaria cases were collected China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and National Parasitic Disease Control Information Management System in Shanxi Province, from 2019-2023. Descriptive epidemiological method and SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used for descriptive epidemiological statistical analysis.Results:A total of 51 malaria cases were reported in Shanxi Province in 2019-2023, all imported from abroad. Among them, there were 38 cases of falciparum malaria (74.51%), 6 cases of plasmodium ovale (11.77%), 5 cases of plasmodium vivax (9.80%), 1 case of plasmodium triticum malaria (1.96%), and 1 case of mixed infections (1.96%), with nodeaths; cases were predominantly males (94.12%, 48/51) and workers who went abroad for work (84.31%,43/51); the median age of onset was 37 years old; and there were imported cases every month, with no obvious peak of incidence; Taiyuan City reported the most cases, accounting for 72.55% (37/51) of the total number of cases,the source of infection of cases was mainly from Africa (96.08%), with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (16 cases), Nigeria (6 cases), Equatorial Guinea (5 cases), Mozambique (3 cases), and Republic of the Congo (3 cases) in that order; the median time between the onset of disease and first diagnosis, and the median time between first diagnosis and confirmation, were two times longer than that of first diagnosis, and the median time between first diagnosis and confirmation was two times longer than that of first diagnosis. The M( Q1, Q3) intervals from onset to first diagnosis and from first diagnosis to confirmed diagnosis were 2(0,4) days and 1(0,3) days, respectively, with statistically significant differences between different years from onset to first diagnosis ( H=17.41, P=0.048), and from first diagnosis to confirmed diagnosis ( H=20.82, P=0.010). A total of 101 146 blood tests for febrile patients were conducted in the province during the five years, with the minimum number of blood tests in 2020 (19 867 person-times) and the maximum number of blood tests in 2023 (20 778 person-times). Conclusions:After the elimination of malaria in Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023, all malaria cases were imported from abroad, and it is still necessary to strengthen the surveillance of people traveling to and from malaria-endemic areas, implement the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and jointly prevent and control the occurrence of imported malaria.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features and postoperative efficacy of patients with oval window atresia accompanied by facial nerve aberration.Methods:The clinical data of patients with congenital middle ear malformation with facial nerve aberration admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 97 cases (133 ears) in total. Among them, 39 patients (44 ears) had complete follow-up data, including 27 male patients and 12 females, aged 7-48 years old, with an average age of 17.8 years old. Of these, 14 cases (16 ears) were patients combined with facial nerve aberration, and 25 cases (28 ears) were without facial nerve aberration. The results of imaging examination, pure-tone audiometry, selection of surgical strategy, intraoperative findings and postoperative hearing improvement were summarized and analyzed. The malformations of malleus, incus, stapes, oval window and facial nerve were recorded. Prism 9 software was used to statistically analyze the mean bone conductance and air-bone gap of patients before and after surgery.Results:All the 14 patients (16 ears) with middle ear malformation accompanied by facial nerve aberration and oval window atresia showed poor hearing and no facial palsy since childhood. High resolution CT (HRCT) examination of temporal bone, pure tone audiometry and Gelle test were performed before surgery. The malformations of malleus, incus, stapes, oval window and facial nerve were recorded. Preoperative high-resolution CT (HRCT) examination of temporal bone found 12 ears with 4 or more deformities, accounting for 75.00%, in the group of patients with facial nerve malformation. The preoperative average bone conductive threshold was (15.3±10.4) dB and the average air-bone gap was (46.3±10.6) dB in pure-tone audiometry (0.5, 1, 2, 4kHz). According to the different degrees of facial nerve and ossicle malformation, we performed three different hearing reconstruction strategies for the 14 patients (16 ears) with facial nerve aberration and oval window atresia, including 7 ears of incus bypass artificial stape implantation, 7 ears of Malleostapedotomy (MS) and 2 ears of Malleus-cochlear-prothesis (MCP). After 3 months to 18 months of follow-up, all patients showed no facial paralysis. The postoperative mean bone conductive threshold was (15.7±7.9) dB and air-bone gap was (19.8±8.5) dB. There were significant differences in mean air-bone gap before and after operation ( t=7.766, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the mean bone conductive threshold before and after surgery ( t=0.225, P=0.824). There was no significant difference of mean reduction of air-bone gap between patients with and without facial nerve aberration ( t=1.412, P=0.165). There was no significant difference between the three hearing reconstruction strategies. There was no significant displacement of the Piston examined by U-HRCT. Conclusion:For patients of middle ear malformation whose facial nerve cover the oval window partially, incus bypass artificial stape implantation or Malleostapedotomy (MS) can be selected according to the specific condition of auditory ossis malformation, and for patients whose facial nerve completely covers the oval window area, Malleus-cochlear-prothesis (MCP) can be selected. Three types of stapes surgery are safe and reliable for patients with oval window atresia accompanied by facial nerve aberration. There was no significant difference in efficacy between them. Preoperative HRCT assessment of middle ear malformation is effective. There is no significant difference of surgical effect with or without facial nerve aberration. The U-HRCT can be used to evaluate the middle ear malformation before surgery and the Piston implantation status after surgery. Due to the risks of surgery, those who do not want to undergo surgery can choose artificial hearing AIDS, such as hearing aid, vibrating soundbridge, bone bridge or bone-anchored hearing aid.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulatory effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)modified by miR-125b-5p on systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:The expression level of miR-125b-5p was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in UC-MSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from SLE patients and health checkers.Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was used to detect the effect of miR-125b-5p on apoptosis of UC-MSCs.MRL/lpr mice in each group were injected with UC-MSCs via tail vein,and T-lymphocyte subsets in the spleen of the MRL/lpr mice were detected by flow cytometry after 5 weeks.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-17A in serum of MRL/lpr mice were detected by ELISA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological manifestations of the lungs and kidneys of the MRL/lpr mice.Results:miR-125b-5p was significantly down-regulated in PBMCs of SLE patients compared with healthy controls(P＜0.01).Compared with the UC-MSCs group,the expression of miR-125b-5p in UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p group was increased(P＜0.01).The survival rate of UC-MSCs was significantly increased by miR-125b-5p(P＜0.01).Compared with the untreated group of MRL/lpr mice,the expression level of IL-4 in serum was increased(P＜0.05);the expression level of IL-17A was decreased(P＜0.05);the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was decreased(P＜0.05);the inflammatory cells infiltration and micro-thrombosis of lungs and kidneys of MRL/lpr mice were significantly reduced in the UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p treatment group.Conclusion:UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p have immunomodulatory effects on systemic lupus erythematosus.

Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a hematological system malignant tumor characterized by the appearance of Ph chromosomes and the formation of BCR-ABL fusion gene.With the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors,the efficacy and survival of CML have been improved significantly.However,there are still some patients with inevitable disease progression and recurrence.In CML patients,the body's own an-ti-tumor immunity can play a role in monitoring,recognizing and eliminating the leukemia cells,which is closely correlated with the occurrence,development,curative efficacy and prognosis of the disease.The immune cells such as natural killer(NK)cells,T cells,dendritic cells,Treg and MDSC play a key role in anti-tumor immunity.Therefore,this article reviews the characteristics of CML immune cells,correlation between the body's own anti-tumor immune status and therapeutic effect,and the recent progress of CML immunotherapy.