BACKGROUND:High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has garnered significant attention due to its potential non-invasive benefits in modulating brain function.However,no studies have comprehensively analyzed the current research landscape and development trends of this field from a macroscopic perspective.OBJECTIVE:To explore research hotspots,current trends,and emerging frontiers in the field of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation through visualized analysis.METHODS:Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1,2014 to November 15,2024.CiteSpace was used for analyzing publication volume,collaborations among countries/regions,institutions and authors,citation analysis of journals and co-cited literature,as well as disciplinary distribution.Additionally,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and burst analyses were conducted,and visualized knowledge maps were generated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 860 articles were included.The publication volume of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation showed an overall upward trend from 2014 to 2022,followed by a decline from 2022 to 2024.China had the highest publication volume,while Ghent University ranked as the most productive institution.Universities acted as the most high-output institutions.Chris Baeken from Ghent University was identified as the most prolific author.Collaboration among leading authors and institutions worldwide remained limited.The main research hotspots in this field were associated with keywords such as depression,stroke,neuropathic pain,and Parkinson's disease.Burst keywords focused on mild cognitive impairment,reflecting a diversification in research directions.The overall research activity in high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation continues to rise,with primary focuses on its clinical applications for psychiatric and neurological disorders,as well as explorations of its underlying mechanisms.Future research may focus on optimizing treatment parameters for targeting different brain regions in clinical applications and expanding its applications and mechanisms across various domains.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects and safety of the optimized new Shengmai Powder （优化新生脉散方） on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF） of qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 78 CHF patients with qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to a treatment group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of conventional western medical therapy， patients in the treatment group additionally received the optimized new Shengmai Powder granules， while the control group was given an oral placebo of optimized new Shengmai Powder granules. Patients in both groups took 30.6 g each time， twice a day， mixed with water for administration， with a total treatment course of 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were 6-minute walk distance （6MWD） and peak oxygen uptake （Peak VO₂） measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Secondary outcomes included New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional classification， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） levels， cardiac function indexes including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventri-cular end-systolic diameter （LVESD） and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） scores， and scores of four diagnostic information of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. All indicators were assessed once before and after treatment respectively. Safety indicators were evaluated， and adverse events during the trial were recorded. ResultsAll patients in both groups were included in the full ana-lysis set （FAS） and safety set （SS）. Compared with baseline， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test in the treatment group significantly increased after treatment， while the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information significantly decreased， and the NYHA cardiac function grade significantly improved （P＜0.01）. After treatment， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test， as well as their changes from baseline in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group； the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group； and the improvement of NYHA cardiac function grade in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant differences in all indicators after treatment in the control group （P＞0.05）. The incidence of adverse events was 5.1% （2/39） in the treatment group and 2.6% （1/39） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional western medicine treatment， the addition of the optimized new Shengmai Powder can further improve exercise tolerance， cardiac function and quality of life in patients with CHF of qi deficiency， blood stasis and fluid retention syndrome， and show good safety.

Objective: To explore the network structure of middle school students basic psychological needs and psychological behavioral problems, and identify the core nodes within the network, as well as examine demographic subgroup differences, so as to provide support for targeted mental health interventions for adolescents. Methods: In September and October of 2023, a total of 2 000 junior and senior high school students were selected with multistage cluster random sampling from 8 schools in Jiaojiang District and Tiantai County, Taizhou City. An online self administered questionnaire was used to assess emotional and behavioral problems, perceived autonomy, self awareness, loneliness, and social support. The instruments included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Perceived Choice and Awareness of Self Scale (PCASS), Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ), University of California,Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). A network analysis approach was employed to construct a network representing adolescents basic psychological needs and psychological behavioral problems, focusing on centrality measures and demographic subgroup differences. Results: A total of 418 students (20.9%) reported abnormal emotional and behavioral problems. Perceived autonomy and competence were negatively correlated with emotional problems (weights: 0.12, 0.14) and hyperactivity (weights: 0.10, 0.16). Social support showed negative correlation with peer relationship issues, hyperactivity, and conduct problems (weights: 0.16, 0.13, 0.10). Loneliness was positively correlated with emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems (weights: 0.28, 0.18). In the overall network, perceived relationships (social support and loneliness), emotional symptoms, and hyperactivity emerged as central nodes. Significant differences in network structure were observed between gender subgroups ( P =0.02). Girls internalizing issues were more influenced by loneliness and perceived autonomy frustration, while social support exhibited higher centrality in boys. Conclusions Perceived relationships, emotional problems, and hyperactivity are key nodes in the network of adolescents basic psychological needs and psychological behavioral problems. Loneliness demonstrates a prominent influence within the network, and the overall network exhibits gender differences.

BACKGROUND:High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has garnered significant attention due to its potential non-invasive benefits in modulating brain function.However,no studies have comprehensively analyzed the current research landscape and development trends of this field from a macroscopic perspective.OBJECTIVE:To explore research hotspots,current trends,and emerging frontiers in the field of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation through visualized analysis.METHODS:Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1,2014 to November 15,2024.CiteSpace was used for analyzing publication volume,collaborations among countries/regions,institutions and authors,citation analysis of journals and co-cited literature,as well as disciplinary distribution.Additionally,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and burst analyses were conducted,and visualized knowledge maps were generated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 860 articles were included.The publication volume of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation showed an overall upward trend from 2014 to 2022,followed by a decline from 2022 to 2024.China had the highest publication volume,while Ghent University ranked as the most productive institution.Universities acted as the most high-output institutions.Chris Baeken from Ghent University was identified as the most prolific author.Collaboration among leading authors and institutions worldwide remained limited.The main research hotspots in this field were associated with keywords such as depression,stroke,neuropathic pain,and Parkinson's disease.Burst keywords focused on mild cognitive impairment,reflecting a diversification in research directions.The overall research activity in high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation continues to rise,with primary focuses on its clinical applications for psychiatric and neurological disorders,as well as explorations of its underlying mechanisms.Future research may focus on optimizing treatment parameters for targeting different brain regions in clinical applications and expanding its applications and mechanisms across various domains.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a standard treatment modality for previously treated driver gene-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT), a novel TROP-2-targeting ADC, has been the focus of the phase Ⅲ clinical trial OptiTROP-Lung04. This trial demonstrated, for the first time, that single-agent sac-TMT significantly improves progression-free survival and overall survival compared with conventional platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant advanced NSCLC following resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review combines existing consensus from literature with the latest research evidence to systematically analyze OptiTROP-Lung04 from multiple perspectives, including molecular mechanisms, study design, clinical significance, and safety management. Furthermore, it explores future development directions in an effort to provide new insights into precision therapy for advanced NSCLC.

To compare the performance differences between the multidisciplinary team (MDT) model and the conventional diagnostic and treatment model for lung cancer, and to explore a high-quality development pathway for optimizing lung cancer diagnostic and treatment resources.

ObjectiveTo reveal the molecular mechanism by which the traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription Qiangjing tablets regulate the aging of the testicular tissue and Leydig cells in rats through the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4）-early 2 factor （E2F） signaling pathway. MethodsFor the cell experiment， 2-month-old SPF-grade SD male rats were selected and randomly assigned into a blank control group （administrated with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection） and a Qiangjing tablets group （20 rats in each group） according to body weight. The Leydig cell model of aging was established by treatment of TM3 cells with 100 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂， and the modeling performance was evaluated based on the levels of p16 and p21 determined by Western blot. The antioxidant NAC （1 mmol·L^-1） was used as the positive control for eliminating reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Cells were intervened with Qiangjing tablets-containing serum at low （2.5%）， medium （5%）， and high （10%） concentrations. The testosterone level in the cell supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the protein levels of CDK4， E2F1， and E2F2 were analyzed by Western blot. In the animal experiment， 19-month-old naturally aging rats were used as the model group， and 2-month-old rats as the young control group. The positive control group was subcutaneously injected with 5.21 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 testosterone propionate. Qiangjing tablets were administered by gavage at low， medium， and high doses of 0.72， 1.44， 2.88 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively. The general conditions of rats were observed， and the protein levels of CDK4， E2F1， and E2F2 in the testicular tissue were determined by Western blot. ResultsIn the cell experiment， compared with the blank control group， the model group showed upregulated expression of CDK4 and E2F1 （P<0.05） and slightly downregulated expression of E2F2. Compared with that in the model group， the expression of CDK4 was upregulated in the NAC group and the low-dose Qiangjing tablets group （P<0.05）， slightly upregulated in the medium-dose Qiangjing tablets group， and downregulated in the high-dose Qiangjing tablets group （P<0.05）. The NAC group showed downregulated expression of E2F1 （P<0.05） and E2F2， and the low-， medium-， and high-dose Qiangjing tablets groups showed downregulated expression of both E2F1 and E2F2 （P<0.05）. Compared with that in the NAC group， the expression of CDK4 was upregulated in the low-dose Qiangjing tablets group and downregulated in the medium-dose and high dose （P<0.05） groups. The expression of E2F1 was down-regulated in all the three dose groups， with statistically significance in the high dose group （P<0.05）， and that of E2F2 were downregulated in all the three dose groups （P<0.05）. In the animal experiment， compared with the young control group， the model group exhibited downregulated expression of CDK4 （P<0.05） and slightly upregulated expression of E2F1 and E2F2. Compared with that in the model group， the expression of CDK4 decreased in the testosterone propionate group and the low-dose Qiangjing tablets group （P<0.05） but increased in the medium-dose （P<0.05） and high-dose groups. In addition， the expression of E2F1 decreased （P<0.05）， and that of E2F2 was slightly elevated. Compared with that in the NAC group， CDK4 expression was elevated in the Qiangjing tablets groups， with statistical significance in the medium- and high-dose groups （P<0.05）. Similarly， the E2F1 expression was also upregulated in the Qiangjing tablets groups， with statistical significance in the medium-dose group （P<0.05）. The expression of E2F2 was downregulated in all the Qiangjing tablets groups. ConclusionQiangjing tablets delay the aging process of Leydig cells and testicular tissue by up-regulating the expression of CDK4 and lowering the levels of E2F1 and E2F2.

ObjectiveBased on the multidimensional correlation analysis framework of "disease， syndrome， formula， and medicine"， this study aims to systematically elucidate the regulatory effects of effective components in Qiangjing tablet on testosterone synthesis pathways in testicular Leydig cells under oxidative stress， providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of male infertility with traditional Chinese medicine and modern research on compounds. MethodsDisease targets for male infertility were obtained from The Human Gene Database （GeneCards， score ≥20）， the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database （CTD， score ≥150）， DrugBank （score ≥0.2）， and DisGeNET （score ≥0.2）. Targets related to the syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis were acquired from the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome association database SymMap. Components of Qiangjing tablet were retrieved based on The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ETCM） database and the Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCMIP）， and they were screened according to a quantitative estimate of drug-likeness （QED ≥ 0.49） and a target confidence index>0.8. Intersecting targets were taken to construct a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network using the STRING database. The network was visualized with Cytoscape software and subjected to the functional annotation of gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. Quality markers （Q-markers） were predicted via the ADMETlab 2.0 platform based on Lipinski's rule， Pfizer's rule， GSK's rule， and the Golden Triangle. For experimental validation， rats' testicular Leydig cells were used. Exosomes were extracted and loaded with active components via the ultrasonic method. Exosome concentration was determined using a BCA protein quantification kit. Morphology was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The particle size was analyzed with a particle size analyzer. The surface marker proteins such as cluster of differentiation 9 （CD9）， cluster of differentiation 63 （CD63）， and cluster of differentiation 81 （CD81） were identified by Western blot， and drug loading capacity was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. An oxidative stress model was induced by alpha， alpha'-azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride （AAPH）， and Leydig cells were divided into the following groups： A control group， an AAPH group， a quercetin group （Que group）， an exosome group （Exo group）， and a QUE-loaded Exo group （Que-Exo group）. The cell viability was detected using the 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） thiazolyl blue assay. The reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of oxidative indicators， including malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， catalase （CAT）， and testosterone （T）， were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expressions of steroidogenic enzymes such as cytochrome p450 family 11 subfamily a member 1 （CYP11A1）， hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase， 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 （HSD3B1）， and hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 3 （HSD17B3）， regulatory factors such as steroidogenic factor 1 （SF-1） and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein （StAR）， and miR-145-5p content， were detected by Western blot and real-time polymerse chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsNetwork pharmacology analysis reveals that the main active components of Qiangjing tablet for intervening in male infertility with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were Que， luteolin， etc.， with the core mechanism involving pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis. Experimental results show that compared with the control group， the AAPH group exhibits significantly reduced cell viability （P<0.01）， decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01）， significantly elevated levels of ROS， MDA， and miR-145-5p （P<0.01）， significantly reduced activities of SOD， GSH-Px， and CAT， as well as reduced testosterone content （P<0.01）， and significantly downregulated protein and mRNA expressions of steroidogenic enzymes， SF-1， and StAR （P<0.01）. The above indicators were reversed in the Que and Que-Exo groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the Que group， the Que-Exo group showed more significant effects in enhancing cell viability， mitochondrial membrane potential， testosterone level， antioxidant enzyme activities， and expressions of key molecules in the steroidogenic pathway （P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Que， an active component of Qiangjing tablet， inhibits oxidative stress reaction， improves mitochondrial function in Leydig cells， upregulates steroidogenic enzyme expression， and restores testosterone production. As a carrier for Que， Exo enhance its stability， delivery efficiency， and biological effect. Additionally， miR-145-5p may be closely associated with testosterone synthesis， though its precise molecular mechanism requires further exploration. By integrating traditional Chinese medicine compounds with modern scientific technology， this research expands the paths for the modernized research of traditional Chinese medicine and opens a novel therapeutic direction with translational potential for clinical intervention of male infertility.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the perception of dental outpatient care quality from multiple perspectives of administrators, physicians, nurses, and patients and propose nursing care quality evaluation indices that are consistent with the clinical reality to provide reference for the construction of a scientific, systematic, and comprehensive dental outpatient care quality evaluation system. METHODS: A total of 39 interviewees, including 7 administrators, 11 doctors, 11 nurses, and 10 patients, were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews in five regionally representative tertiary-level A stomatological specialty hospitals nationwide during January-April 2024 by using a multistage sampling method. Colaizzi 7-step analysis was used to analyze and summarize the interview data. Themes were extracted on the basis of the Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) three-dimensional quality assessment model. RESULTS: Five main themes and 15 secondary themes were extracted from three quality dimensions: structure, process, and result. The related topics of structural quality were as follows: disinfection and isolation norms, equipment and consumable management, nursing manpower ratio and nurse education structure, and emergency capability. The related topics of process quality were as follows: pre-diagnosis risk assessment, patient triage and guidance, communication and attitude, health education, humanistic care, continuous care, specialty operation, and four-hand operation. The related topics of result quality were as follows: satisfaction, adverse event management and analysis, effective complaints and disputes. CONCLUSIONS Structure quality is the foundation, process quality is the core, and result quality is the key in the evaluation of the quality of oral outpatient care. The standardization of disinfection and isolation, equipment and consumable management, allocation of reasonable nursing manpower and post capacity, implementation of high-quality nursing services, and improvement of the quality and satisfaction of medical cooperation are necessary guarantees to ensure the quality of oral outpatient care.
Humans ; Quality of Health Care ; Ambulatory Care/standards* ; Dental Care/standards* ; Outpatients