Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a paradigmatic approach to personalized medicine, developed through the systematic accumulation and refinement of clinical empirical data over more than 2000 years, and now encompasses large-scale electronic medical records (EMR) and experimental molecular data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its utility in medicine through the development of various expert systems (e.g., MYCIN) since the 1970s. With the emergence of deep learning and large language models (LLMs), AI's potential in medicine shows considerable promise. Consequently, the integration of AI and TCM from both clinical and scientific perspectives presents a fundamental and promising research direction. This survey provides an insightful overview of TCM AI research, summarizing related research tasks from three perspectives: systems-level biological mechanism elucidation, real-world clinical evidence inference, and personalized clinical decision support. The review highlights representative AI methodologies alongside their applications in both TCM scientific inquiry and clinical practice. To critically assess the current state of the field, this work identifies major challenges and opportunities that constrain the development of robust research capabilities-particularly in the mechanistic understanding of TCM syndromes and herbal formulations, novel drug discovery, and the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered clinical care. The findings underscore that future advancements in AI-driven TCM research will rely on the development of high-quality, large-scale data repositories; the construction of comprehensive and domain-specific knowledge graphs (KGs); deeper insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning clinical efficacy; rigorous causal inference frameworks; and intelligent, personalized decision support systems.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical

Objective To investigate the relationship between the central foveal thickness(CFT),ellipsoid zone(EZ)interruption ratio and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes(iERM).Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.The cluster sampling method was used to select 336 iERM patients(500 eyes)who underwent physical examinations in 9 community hospitals of the Kailuan Group from 2014 to 2018.Among them,215 were male(64.0％)and 121 were female(36.0％),with an average age of 31-89(66.4±8.8)years.According to the gass classification,these patients were divided into three groups:gass 0 group(201 patients,305 eyes),gass 1 group(75 patients,101 eyes),and gass 2 group(60 patients,94 eyes).Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between BCVA(converted to logMAR visual acuity)and gass classification,EZ interruption ratio,CFT.Results The average BCVA(logMAR)and CFT of 500 eyes were 0.45±0.28 and(337.6±101.8)μm,re-spectively,with EZ interruption in 86 eyes(17.2％).There were statistically significant differences in BCVA(logMAR)(0.62±0.29,0.48±0.23,0.26±0.32),CFT[(283.20±79.30)μm,(335.50±84.50)μm,(394.00±135.60)μm],and EZ interruption ratio(2.6％,20.8％,60.6％)among gass 0,gass 1 and gass 2 groups(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between age and BCVA among different groups(r2=0.021,P=0.314);BCVA was positively correlated with CFT(r2=0.531,P=0.000),EZ interruption ratio(r2=0.304,P=0.000),and gass classification(r2=0.587,P=0.000).Conclusion The EZ interruption may occur in the early stage of iERM.BCVA is correlated with CFT,EZ interruption ratio and gass classification;the incidence of EZ interruption in gass 2 iERM signifi-cantly increases.

Background::Although the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has undergone advancements during the past several years, the response rate and long-term effects with respect to patients with PTCL remain unsatisfactory—particularly for relapsed or refractory (R/R) patients. This phase II trial was designed to explore the efficacy and safety of an all-oral regimen of chidamide plus prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and thalidomide (CPCT) for R/R PTCL patients who could not tolerate the standard chemotherapy for a variety of reasons.Methods::We conducted a multicenter phase II clinical trial in which we combined chidamide (30 mg twice weekly) with prednisone (20 mg daily after breakfast), cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily after lunch), and thalidomide (100 mg daily at bedtime) (the CPCT regimen) for a total of fewer than 12 cycles as an induction-combined treatment period, and then applied chidamide as single-drug maintenance. Forty-five patients were ultimately enrolled from August 2016 to April 2021 with respect to Chinese patients at nine centers. Our primary objective was to assess the overall response rate (ORR) after the treatment with CPCT.Results::Of the 45 enrolled patients, the optimal ORR and complete response (CR)/CR unconfirmed (CRu) were 71.1% (32/45) and 28.9% (13/45), respectively, and after a median follow-up period of 56 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.5 months and 17.2 months, respectively. The five-year PFS and OS rates were 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9-34.5%) and 43.8% (95% CI, 28.3-59.3%), respectively. The most common adverse event was neutropenia (20/45, 44.4%), but we observed no treatment-related death.Conclusion::The all-oral CPCT regimen was an effective and safe regimen for R/R PTCL patients who could not tolerate standard chemotherapy for various reasons.Trial Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02879526.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a significant global health burden,and there is an urgent need for new treatment options.Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2(TROP-2),a target closely associated with NSCLC prog-nosis,has become a research hotspot in recent years.Notably,TROP-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)have made groundbreaking advances in NSCLC therapy.Clinical studies have demonstrated that certain TROP-2 ADCs can significantly improve progression-free survival in previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC,regardless of the presence of actionable genomic alterations.These agents have shown promising potential in both frontline and subsequent treatment settings.In terms of safety,while adverse effects affecting the hematologic,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems are gener-ally manageable,close clinical monitoring and timely management are still required.In conclusion,TROP-2 ADCs hold great promise in the treatment of NSCLC.

AIM:To explore the effects of moderate-altitude exposure on intestinal flora in healthy individuals.METHODS:The aid-Tibet cadres,who were sent to work from Guangdong(average altitude<50 m)to Nyingchi(average altitude of 2 900 m),were recruited.A total of 76 samples were collected,including 42 samples from healthy adults with plateau living for 0 day and 34 samples from healthy adults with plateau living for 6 months.Fecal samples DNA were ex-tracted,sequenced by the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and analyzed bioinformatically.RESULTS:Compared with the base group,α diversity was increased(P=4.00×10-4)and β diversity was decreased(P=1.00×10-3).After moderate altitude exposure,the relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria(|LDA|>4,P<0.05),genus Escherich-ia-Shigella,species Enterococcus_faecalis,Haemophilus_influenzae and Helicobacter_sp._UNSW1.7sp decreased(adjust-ed P<0.05),wheras the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes(|LDA|>4,P<0.05),genus Butyricimona,species Lactobacillus_sp._RA2113(s)and Butyricimonas_sp._Marseille-P2440(s)increased(adjusted P<0.05).The function-al prediction by PICRUSt showed a decrease in the relative abundance of pathway related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism,membrane transport and amino acid metabolism(adjusted P<0.05).Conversely,the relative abundance of pathway related to biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and nucleotide metabolism was increased(adjusted P<0.05).Finally,the results of microbiome phenotype prediction by BugBase showed that moderate altitude exposure im-proves the gut microbiota functions involving anaerobic oxygen tolerance and gram positive(adjusted P<0.05).And bacte-ria containing facultatively anaerobic oxygen tolerance,oxidative stress tolerance,gram negative and biofilm formation in the six-group decreased significantly compared with those in base group(adjusted P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Moderate altitude exposure impacts the diversity,abundance and function of intestinal flora in healthy population,suggesting that al-titude factors may have some influence on gut microbiota.

Objective:Hypoxia is an important cause of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer.However,little is known about the growth of gastric cancer under purely hypoxia conditions.This study aims to study the effect of hypoxia on the growth patterns of gastric cancer cells and explore the response of gastric cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)in a hypoxic environment. Methods:Gastric cancer cells MKN45 were cultured under 1%oxygen hypoxia and conventional air conditions.An intervention group with the addition of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU was also established.The proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells under different oxygen conditions and intervention groups were detected using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method,JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay,and Annexin-V/PI double staining method.Cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytometry,and mitochondrial changes were detected using electron microscopy. Results:In the absence of 5-FU intervention,compared with the normoxia group,the hypoxia group showed higher rates of early and late apoptosis and higher cell death rates as indicated by the JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay,Annexin-V/PI double staining,and CCK-8 results.Flow cytometry results showed that the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase without progression.Electron microscopy revealed more severe mitochondrial destruction.However,with 5-FU intervention,the hypoxia group showed lower apoptosis rates,more cell cycle progression,and less mitochondrial destruction compared with the normoxia group. Conclusion:Hypoxic environments promote apoptosis and even death in gastric cancer cells,but hypoxia counteracts the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU,which may contribute to 5-FU chemotherapy resistance.

Objective To analyze three-dimensional(3D)radiographic characterizations of bone island(BI)in jaw using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods CBCT data from four thousand patients were selected,reconstructed and analyzed using NNT 10.0 software.The sagittal,coronal and axial planes were used to analyze the 3D radiographic characteristics of BIs,including the localization,shape,density,boundary,the relationship between BIs and tooth and bone cortex,diameter and anatomical structures and complications involved.Their relationship with gender were analyzed.Results A total of 803 people had BIs,with the prevalence rate of 20.08%,including 338 males with 389 BIs and 465 females with 526 BIs.Both males and females had a dominant BI,and the ratio between male and female was 1∶1.38,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The BIs of both male and female mostly occurred in the mandibular premolars and molars area,and appeared irregular in shape,dense and contact with lingual bone cortex.Mostly BIs were apical type and with unclear boundary.The mean maximum diameter of mesial/distal direction was greater than buccal/lingual direction(P＜0.05).The most commonly involved anatomy structure was the inferior alveolar neural canal,cortical infil-tration and mental foramen.Conclusion There are no significant differences between males and females in the three-dimensional image characteristics of BIs in Chinese populations.CBCT can accurately and comprehensively analyze the 3D radiographic characteris-tics of BI and its relationship with the surrounding teeth and bone.

Objective:To investigate the role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) in ferroptosis of mouse dendritic cells (DCs) under simulated sepsis, providing evidence for improving immunosuppression in sepsis caused by wound infection.Methods:This study was an experimental research. The mouse DC line DC2.4 in the logarithmic growth phase (with passages 3-10) was used for the experiments (with each sample size of 3). The sepsis model was established by treating DCs with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS, same concentration throughout) for 0 (untreated), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of APE1 and anti-ferroptosis proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in cells, flow cytometry was employed to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells, and live-cell imaging technology was used to measure cell lipid peroxidation levels. DCs successfully transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 short hairpin RNA sequence were divided into APE1-knockdown+phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group and APE1-knockdown+LPS group. DCs successfully transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. DCs transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 overexpression RNA sequence were divided into APE1-overexpression+PBS group and APE1-overexpression+LPS group. DCs transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. A total of 88 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into corn oil+sham injury group, corn oil+cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, inhibitor+sham injury group, and inhibitor+CLP group ( n=22) according to the random number table. Mice in the two inhibitor groups were gavaged with APE1 inhibitor E3330 (1 mg/mL in concentration) at 40 mg/kg per day, while mice in the two corn oil groups were gavaged with an equal amount of corn oil daily. Two weeks later, mice in the two CLP groups underwent CLP surgery to establish a sepsis model, while mice in the two sham injury groups underwent sham injury. Sixteen mice from each group were selected to observe survival within 7 d post-surgery. At 24 h post-surgery, CD11c-positive magnetic beads were used to extract spleen DCs from the remaining six mice in each group for corresponding assays ( n=3) as above. Results:Compared with that of LPS treatment at 0 h, APE1 protein expression significantly increased in cells at 6 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment, SLC7A11 protein expression significantly decreased at 24 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level significantly increased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment. After 24 h of culture, the GPX4 protein expression of cells in APE1-knockdown+LPS group was significantly lower than that in APE1-knockdown+PBS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly higher than those in APE1-knockdown+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After 24 h of culture, APE1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 protein expressions of cells in APE1-overexpression+LPS group were significantly higher than those in empty vector+LPS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly lower than those in empty vector+LPS group. At 24 h post-surgery, APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly lower than those in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group ( P<0.05); the ROS level of mice cells in corn oil+CLP group (12 693±913) was significantly higher than that in corn oil+sham injury group (4 205±805, P<0.05), while the ROS level of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group (18 085±223) was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group (4 381±787) and corn oil+CLP group (with P values all <0.05); the cell lipid peroxidation level of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group. Within 7 d post-surgery, the survival ratio of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly lower than that in inhibitor+sham injury group ( χ2=22.67, P<0.05). Conclusions:Under simulated sepsis, the APE1 expression in mouse DCs is decreased, and oxidative stress and ferroptosis are enhanced; knocking down the APE1 exacerbates DC ferroptosis, while APE1 overexpression effectively reduces DC ferroptosis. The inhibition of APE1 expression in DCs is closely associated with poor prognosis in sepsis.

Objective To investigate the establishment and optimization of guinea pigs model of cholecystitis,so as to provide the basis for further optimization of experimental design and research on the pathogenesis,treatment and mechanism of cholecystitis.Methods The guinea pigs model of cholecystitis was established by subcutaneous injection of lincomycin hydrochloride,the general condition,B-ultrasound of the gallbladder,blood routine indicators and hepatobiliary histology of the guinea pigs were observed to determine the stabili-ty and application prospect of the cholecystitis model.Results The general state observation showed that guinea pigs in the model group exhibited varying degrees of diet decrease,body weight loss,activity decrease,loose and lusterless hair,listlessness or irritability.B-ul-trasound results showed that,compared with the control group of guinea pigs,with the higher modeling dose,the thickness of the gallblad-der wall were more obvious(P＜0.05).The blood routine index detection found that,with the higher modeling dose,the blood inflamma-tory indicators such as white blood cell count(WBC),lymphocyte(LYM),neutrophil(NEUT),monocyte(MONO)were increased sig-nificantly(P＜0.05).The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that,with the higher modeling dose,pathological changes such as structural changes of gallbladder and liver tissue structure,inflammatory cell infiltration,degeneration and necrosis of liver cells were more obvious.Conclusion In this study,the imaging indicators combined with blood and pathological indicators were used for multi-factor comprehensive evaluation of the modeling effect of cholecystitis and the stability of the inflammatory model,which was more intui-tive,accurate and low-cost than the conventional gallbladder pathological analysis method or combined with enzyme-linked immuno-sorptive assay,and provided a scientific and effective detection index for the evaluation of therapeutic effects of drugs.At the same time,the model with the dose of 120mg/kg lincomycin hydrochloride for guinea pigs cholecystitis was the most stable and difficult to self-heal.

【Objective】 To develop a quick and accurate crossmatching test technology without the power equipment and additional reagents before blood transfusion, so as to improve the timeliness and safety of blood transfusion treatment in sudden situations as war or natural disasters. 【Methods】 The irregular antibodies quickly promote coagulants (QPC) were used as the reaction medium reagent. The 200 μL QPC were wrapped in the bursts bead and preset within different recess of the detection tubes. The bursts beads were squeezed with the reagent left in the well, then the blood samples were dropped in the main(recipient plasma: 200 μL, donor 3%—5% RBC: 100 μL) and secondary(donor plasma: 200 μL, recipient 3%—5% RBC: 100 μL)reaction grooves. The result interpretated by hand wrestling or 1 500 g centrifugation of 15 seconds. Meanwhile, the comparing experiments with the prior methods were implemented to evaluate the method’s reliability. 【Results】 The results of the bursting reagent, being stored at 37℃ for one week, were consistent with those of the freshly prepared cross-matching reagent, indicating that the bursting reagent was practical in the field and had good stability at normal temperature. No statistical difference between the sensitivity and the results of the microcolumn gel method was noticed by paired data t test (P>0.05). The parallel cross matching tests of 50 clinical samples were performed by microcolumn gel method and coagulant-bursting technique; the Kappa value was 0.973 2, and irregular antibodies were detected in 2 cases, with concordance rate at 100%, showing good consistency. 【Conclusion】 The improved method is simple and fast, and also safe and reliable for compatibility testing before blood transfusion, which is especially suitable for the field rescue of the wounded in wartime and sudden natural disasters, and is worthy of popularization.