Objective To analyze the relationship between 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T cells and age and gender in healthy adults in the Dalian area. Methods A total of 277 healthy adults admitted to the physical examination center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects,including 154 males and 123 females. They were divided into three groups according to age:young group(18～44 years,n=103),middle-aged group(45～60 years,n=114) and old age group(>60 years,n=60). Flow cytometry was used to determine immunophenotypes of T cells,including the absolute count and proportion of na?ve cells (N),central memory (CM),effector memory (EM),terminal effector memory (TEM),activation (HLA-DR+) and senescence (CD28-) CD4+and CD8+T cells,and the differences of them among age and gender were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between age and immunophenotypes of T cells. Results Compared with the young group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+TEM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphoaytes cells were increased in the middle-aged group and old age group (Z=2.009～6.607),while the absolute count and proportion of CD8+N T cells were decreased in the middle-aged group (Z=5.574～7.999) and old age group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05),respectively. Compared with the female group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+CM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T cells were increased in the female group (Z=2.945～6.131),while the absolute count and proportion of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+N T cells were decreased in the male group (Z=2.075～4.225),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with the absolute count and proportion of CD4+CM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD4+CD28-,CD8+TEM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes cells (r=0.125～0.479,all P<0.05),while negatively correlated the absolute count and proportion of CD4+N and CD8+N T lymphocytes cells (r=-0.538～-0.148,all P<0.05). Conclusion The 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes cells in healthy adults from Dalian area are affected by age and gender,so it is necessary to establish a suitable local reference interval to provide a more accurate reference for immune function assessment.

Objective To analyze the relationship between 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T cells and age and gender in healthy adults in the Dalian area. Methods A total of 277 healthy adults admitted to the physical examination center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects,including 154 males and 123 females. They were divided into three groups according to age:young group(18～44 years,n=103),middle-aged group(45～60 years,n=114) and old age group(>60 years,n=60). Flow cytometry was used to determine immunophenotypes of T cells,including the absolute count and proportion of na?ve cells (N),central memory (CM),effector memory (EM),terminal effector memory (TEM),activation (HLA-DR+) and senescence (CD28-) CD4+and CD8+T cells,and the differences of them among age and gender were analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was also used to evaluate the correlation between age and immunophenotypes of T cells. Results Compared with the young group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+TEM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphoaytes cells were increased in the middle-aged group and old age group (Z=2.009～6.607),while the absolute count and proportion of CD8+N T cells were decreased in the middle-aged group (Z=5.574～7.999) and old age group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05),respectively. Compared with the female group,the absolute count and proportion of CD8+CM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T cells were increased in the female group (Z=2.945～6.131),while the absolute count and proportion of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+N T cells were decreased in the male group (Z=2.075～4.225),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with the absolute count and proportion of CD4+CM,CD4+HLA-DR+,CD4+CD28-,CD8+TEM,CD8+HLA-DR+and CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes cells (r=0.125～0.479,all P<0.05),while negatively correlated the absolute count and proportion of CD4+N and CD8+N T lymphocytes cells (r=-0.538～-0.148,all P<0.05). Conclusion The 15 immunophenotypes of peripheral blood T lymphocytes cells in healthy adults from Dalian area are affected by age and gender,so it is necessary to establish a suitable local reference interval to provide a more accurate reference for immune function assessment.

Objective:To detect the immunophenotype of B cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren′s syndrome (pSS) and explore the clinical significance of B cell subsets in pSS.Methods:This is a retrospective case-control study. A total of 25 pSS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from March 1st 2023 to February 28th 2024 were enrolled (pSS group). The mean age of the pSS group was 62.0±11.9 years old, including 25 female. Besides, 25 female healthy subjects were selected as the control group (HC group) during the tudy period, with a mean age of 57.6±11.2 years old. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of B cell subsets in peripheral blood. In our study, pSS patients were divided into<60 years old group (15 cases) and≥60 years old group (10 cases). pSS patients were divided into ESSDAI score<5 group (9 cases) and ESSDAI score≥5 group (16 cases) according to ESSDAI score. Besides, they were further divided into no system damage group (7 cases) and combined system damage group (18 cases). According to the expression of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, pSS patients were divided into anti-SSA antibody negative group (7 cases), anti-SSA antibody positive group (18 cases), anti-SSB negative group (17 cases) and anti-SSB positive group (8 cases). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution difference of B cell subsets between the two groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators and ESSDAI scores of pSS patients. Results:In comparison to the HC group, the pSS group exhibited a statistically significant increase in the proportions of na?ve B cells, CD19 +CD20 +B cells and plasmablast cells, alongside a decrease in the proportions of unswitched memory B cells, switched memory B cells and regulatory B cells, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportion of plasmablast cells was significantly higher in the ESSDAI score≥5 group than that in the ESSDAI score<5 group [1.20% (1.00%, 1.38%) vs. 0.5% (0.38%, 0.65%), Z=2.416, P<0.05]. Conversely, the proportion of regulatory B cells was lower in the ESSDAI score≥5 group compared to the ESSDAI score<5 group [2.50% (2.00%, 2.78%) vs. 5.55% (3.58%, 7.10%), Z=2.775, P<0.05]. The proportion of unswitched memory B cells was significantly lower in the group with systemic injury compared to the group without systemic injury [1.50% (0.85%, 1.70%) vs. 2.45% (1.73%, 2.78%), Z=2.122, P<0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ESSDAI score was positively correlated with the proportion of plasmablast cells in patients with pSS (r=0.431, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with the proportion of regulatory B cells in pSS patients ( r=-0.413, P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an increased proportion of plasmablast cells and a reduced proportion of regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, and these alterations are strongly correlated with the disease activity of pSS. Consequently, plasmablast cells and regulatory B cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Objective:To detect the immunophenotype of B cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren′s syndrome (pSS) and explore the clinical significance of B cell subsets in pSS.Methods:This is a retrospective case-control study. A total of 25 pSS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from March 1st 2023 to February 28th 2024 were enrolled (pSS group). The mean age of the pSS group was 62.0±11.9 years old, including 25 female. Besides, 25 female healthy subjects were selected as the control group (HC group) during the tudy period, with a mean age of 57.6±11.2 years old. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of B cell subsets in peripheral blood. In our study, pSS patients were divided into<60 years old group (15 cases) and≥60 years old group (10 cases). pSS patients were divided into ESSDAI score<5 group (9 cases) and ESSDAI score≥5 group (16 cases) according to ESSDAI score. Besides, they were further divided into no system damage group (7 cases) and combined system damage group (18 cases). According to the expression of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, pSS patients were divided into anti-SSA antibody negative group (7 cases), anti-SSA antibody positive group (18 cases), anti-SSB negative group (17 cases) and anti-SSB positive group (8 cases). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution difference of B cell subsets between the two groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators and ESSDAI scores of pSS patients. Results:In comparison to the HC group, the pSS group exhibited a statistically significant increase in the proportions of na?ve B cells, CD19 +CD20 +B cells and plasmablast cells, alongside a decrease in the proportions of unswitched memory B cells, switched memory B cells and regulatory B cells, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The proportion of plasmablast cells was significantly higher in the ESSDAI score≥5 group than that in the ESSDAI score<5 group [1.20% (1.00%, 1.38%) vs. 0.5% (0.38%, 0.65%), Z=2.416, P<0.05]. Conversely, the proportion of regulatory B cells was lower in the ESSDAI score≥5 group compared to the ESSDAI score<5 group [2.50% (2.00%, 2.78%) vs. 5.55% (3.58%, 7.10%), Z=2.775, P<0.05]. The proportion of unswitched memory B cells was significantly lower in the group with systemic injury compared to the group without systemic injury [1.50% (0.85%, 1.70%) vs. 2.45% (1.73%, 2.78%), Z=2.122, P<0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ESSDAI score was positively correlated with the proportion of plasmablast cells in patients with pSS (r=0.431, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with the proportion of regulatory B cells in pSS patients ( r=-0.413, P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an increased proportion of plasmablast cells and a reduced proportion of regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, and these alterations are strongly correlated with the disease activity of pSS. Consequently, plasmablast cells and regulatory B cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of protamine neutralizing heparin on perioperation of on-pump coronary artery bypass graftting (CABG).Methods A total of 180 on-pump CABG patients hospitalized from January 2015 to November 2016 were randomly divided into three groups,the protamine group l,protamine group 2 and protamine group 3,60 patients in each group.Heparin (3 mg/kg) was used before extracorporeal circulation.After intracardiac operation was over,protamine was used to neutralize the heparin to adjust the activated clotting time (ACT) in protamine group 1,which was 10％ higher than that of intubation.Meanwhile,protamine group 2 was neutralized to equal to the ACT before intubation,and protamine group 3 was 10％ lower than that before the intubation.The differences of intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared between the three groups.Results No death was found in the three groups during hospitalization.Comparing with protamine group 1 and protamine group 2,the time of operation,the ACT before the leaving operation room,the ACT of the first hour after returning to ICU,the amount of bleeding during operation,the time of closing and the amount of red blood for transfusion were decreased in protamine group 3 (P ＞ 0.05).The total amount of protamine for neutralizing and the ratio of protamine and heparin were significantly increased in protamine group 3 (P ＜ 0.05).The heart dysfunction after operation,perioperative myocardial infarction,pulmonary edema,pulmonary infection,renal dysfunction,poor wound healing,neurological complications,and time of in hospital stay showed no significant differences between three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion ACT below 10％ of preoperation is safe,after neutralization of heparin by protamine,which can obviously reduce the bleeding,the time of sternal closure and the amount of red blood cell transfusion,showing a positive clinical significance.