Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal waves. However, little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity. We applied a randomized, single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS, sinusoidal wave tACS, or sham stimulation into three groups. Participants performed n-back tasks, and electroencephalograms were recorded before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Compared to the baseline, working memory performance (accuracy and response time) improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions. According to drift-diffusion model analysis, triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing. In addition, compared with sham conditions, triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period, while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period. The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage, and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point. Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage, demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing. In contrast, sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage, suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods* ; Brain/physiology* ; Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Single-Blind Method

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To systematically evaluate the accuracy of computer navigation technique in the positioning of bone tunnel location of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR) and its effect on post-operative functional recovery.Methods The controlled trials of computer navigation-assisted ACLR in the da-tabases of Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP Database were retrieved.The retriev-al time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 2023.According to the inclusion and exclu-sion criteria,the NoteExpress V3.0 software was used to screen the literatures,the Cochrane risk bias assess-ment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures,and the RevMan5.4 software was used for conducting the meta analysis.Results A total of 10 trials involving 705 patients were included,including 354 cases in the navigation group and 351 cases in the conventional group.The meta analysis results showed that compared with the conventional group,the location positioning of bone tunnel in the navigation group was significantly improved[in femoral side (MD=5.59,95％CI:1.21-9.97,P=0.01) and tibial side (MD=1.32,95％CI:0.20-2.43,P=0.02).However there were no statistically significant differences in the IKDC scores (MD=1.76,95％CI:-0.17 to 3.70,P=0.07),Lysholm scores (MD=0.49,95％CI:-0.16 to 1.14,P=0.14),Tegner scores (MD=-0.08,95％CI:-0.35 to 0.20,P=0.58),KT-1000 anterior shift dis-tance (MD=0.01,95％CI:-0.49 to 0.52,P=0.96),the positive rate of Lachman test (RD=-0.01,95％CI:-0.09 to 0.07,P=0.75) and the positive rate of axial shift test (RD=-0.09,95％CI:-0.22 to 0.04,P=0.20).Conclusion The computer navigation technology is conducive to elevate the accuracy of tibial and femoral tunnel positioning in ACLR,but could not improve the postoperative functional recovery of the pa-tients.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognoses of severe autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 12 patients with severe GFAP-A admitted to Department of Neurology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023 were collected, including demography, clinical manifestations, MRI features, laboratory examination results (such as antibodies), treatments and prognoses.Results:Among the 12 patients, 9 were male and 3 were female, with an average onset age of (46.58±17.53) years. Primary symptoms included headache, limb weakness, limb numbness, mental disorder, epileptic seizure, and urinary and defecation disorder; 9 patients had fever before onset. With aggravated severe GFAP-A, 12 patients had impaired consciousness, 12 had respiratory failure, 6 had unstable blood pressure and heart rate, and 2 had status epilepticus. Cranial MRI indicated abnormal lesions in all 12 patients, including 10 with brainstem involvement (7 had involved medulla oblongata); 10 showed soft meningeal enhancement. In 8 patients received MRI of the whole spinal cord, 7 had abnormal spinal cord lesions; point-like enhancement of the whole spinal meninges was observed in 6 of the 7 patients. All 12 patients had positive cerebrospinal fluid GFAP-IgG, and 3 patients also had positive serum GFAP-IgG. All patients accepted glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin immunotherapy, and 1 patient was supplemented with mycophenolate mofetil; 8 patients had good prognosis, and 4 patients died. Pulmonary infection, hyponatremia, hypoproteinemia, and deep vein thrombosis were the common complications.Conclusion:Patients with severe GFAP-A mainly manifest as meningoencephalitis and meningoencephalomyelitis, and are likely involved medulla oblongata, enjoying rapid clinical progression; even with early immunotherapy, high mortality rate is still noted.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of extracellular nicotinamide phosphate ribose transferase(eNAMPT)and soluble programmed death ligand 1(sPD-L1)in serum of pa-tients with sepsis secondary to severe pancreatitis(SAP).Methods A total of 92 SAP patients admitted to the hospital from February 2019 to February 2022 were selected as(SAP grou),and divided into a sepsis group(42 cases)and a non-sepsis group(50 cases).Moreover,50 patients with mild to moderate pancreatitis who were diagnosed and treated at the same time were selected as the disease control group,and 50 healthy in-dividuals who underwent the physical examination in the hospital during the same pariod were selected as the healthy control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of eNAMPT and sPD-L1.Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression analy-sis was used to analyze factors affecting the occurrence of secondary sepsis in SAP.The predictive value of ser-um eNAMPT,sPD-L1 and their combination in the secondary sepsis of SAP was conducted by receiver operat-ing characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The serum levels of eNAMPT and sPD-L1 in the SAP group were higher than those in the disease control group and the healthy control group,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein,pancreatic nec-rosis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,multiple organ failure,serum eNAMPT and sPD-L1 in the sepsis group were higher than those in the non-sepsis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between serum eNAMPT,sPD-L1 and APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score in sepsis SAP patients(P＜0.05).Serum eNAMPT and sPD-L1 were independent risk factors for sec-ondary sepsis in SAP patients.The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of serum eNAMPT and sPD-L1 for predicting secondary sepsis in SAP patients was 0.916(95％CI:0.868-0.947),which was signif-icantly larger than 0.846(95％CI:0.791-0.879)and 0.830(95％CI:0.774-0.861)of the single indicator detections,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=4.129,4.885,P＜0.001).Conclusion The serum eNAMPT and sPD-L1 levels in patients with sepsis secondary to SAP are elevated,which are related to the severity of the disease.The combination of serum eNAMPT and sPD-L1 has high predictive value for sec-ondary sepsis in SAP.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

Objective:To investigate the classification of main pancreatic duct and treatment strategy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:The records of 51 consecutive patients with LPD who were treated by linear staple closure technique of pancreatic neck from February to December 2022 from Binzhou Second People′s Hospital, Shijingshan Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Rizhao Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery Research Institute, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Shandong Juxian People′s Hospital, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Binzhou Central Hospital, and Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University were retrospectively reviewed. According to the visibility, position and diameter of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas, the type of main pancreatic duct was divided into type I, type Ⅱ, type Ⅲa and type Ⅲb. The number of cases in each main pancreatic duct classification and the corresponding treatment strategies were examined.Results:A total of 51 cases of LPD were successfully completed. Of these patients, the males comprised 56.9%(29/51), and females comprised 43.1%(22/51), with age ranging from 31 to 88 years old. The type of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas included 7 cases (13.7%) of type Ⅰ, 39 cases (76.5%) of type Ⅱ, 2 cases (3.9%) of type Ⅲa, and 3 cases (5.9%) of type Ⅲb. Corresponding treatment strategies were adopted according to different main pancreatic duct types, the main pancreatic duct was successfully found, and a support drainage tube was inserted.Conclusion:After linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck, corresponding treatment strategies should be adopted according to the classification of the main pancreatic duct, which would help to improve the success rate of finding the main pancreatic duct and placing a support drainage tube.

Intestinal obstruction is a common disease in surgical acute abdomen. Due to the diverse causes of intestinal obstruction and rapid disease progression, there are difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Actively searching for the cause is beneficial for assisting in formulating treatment plans for patients. Treatment plan for intestinal obstruction can be divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment mainly includes targeted treatment such as retained gastrointestinal decompression, enema, and fluid replacement, while surgical treatment mainly includes open exploration and laparoscopic exploration. After the cause of disease is determined, patients who are temporarily exempt from surgical treatment can be given conservative treatment. During the process of conservative treatment, the need for surgical treatment is determined based on the patient′s symptoms and signs. Premature surgery may lead to additional surgical trauma for patients who could have been relieved of obstruction through conservative treatment, and if not treated promptly, it may lead to intestinal necrosis and perforation, leading to septic shock and, patient death in severe cases. Whether laparoscopic exploration can be performed during surgical treatment and whether treatment can be performed under laparoscopy after laparoscopic exploration is another choice. The authors report the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with intestinal obstruction caused by malignant tumor in rectosigmoid region, aiming to provide reference for the treatment of related diseases.